nwabuisi (upn64) – Post-lab 2 Enthalpy – lyon – (50555) 1

This print-out should have 20 questions.

Multiple-choice questions may continue on 2. ∆H of the reaction is positive. correct
the next column or page – find all choices
before answering. 3. ∆H of the reaction is zero.
Explanation:
001 10.0 points Reactants:
In an exothermic reaction ∆Hf CO2 (g) = −22.5 kJ/mol
Products:
1. the reactants are at a lower energy level ∆Hf CO(g) = −6.3 kJ/mol
than the products. ∆Hf H2 O(g) = −13.8 kJ/mol
2. no activation energy is required. X X
0
∆Hrxn = n Hf0prod − n Hf0rct
3. the products absorb energy.  
kJ kJ
= −13.8 − 6.3
4. the reactants are at a higher energy level mol mol
 
than the products. correct kJ
− −22.5
Explanation: mol
A synthesis reaction (also known as a com- kJ
= 2.4
bination reaction) combines multiple reac- mol
tants into a single product into a single prod- ∆H is positive.
uct.
004 10.0 points
002 10.0 points The enthalpy change for the reaction in which
Assume the question below refers to the one mole of a substance is formed from its
calorimeter in experiment 2 in CH204 lab. elements in their standard states is called
In calculating the heat given off by a reac-
tion in a calorimeter, you must account for 1. enthalpy of formation. correct
heat absorbed by
2. standard state of the substance.
1. air only.
3. Hess’s Law.
2. water only.
4. specific heat capacity.
3. water and the calorimeter. correct
Explanation:
4. the calorimeter only.
005 10.0 points
Explanation: Use the reactions and data
003 10.0 points
Consider the following reaction 4 HCl(g) + O2 (g) −→ 2 H2 O(ℓ) + 2 Cl2 (g)
∆H = −202 kJ · mol−1
H2 (g) + CO2 (g) → H2 O(g) + CO(g) . 1 1
H2 (g) + F2 (g) −→ HF(ℓ)
∆Hf for CO2 (g) is −22.5 kJ/mol; 2 2
∆Hf for CO(g) is −6.3 kJ/mol; ∆H = −600 kJ · mol−1
∆Hf for H2 O(g) is −13.8 kJ/mol. 1
H2 (g) + O2 (g) −→ H2 O(ℓ)
2
1. ∆H of the reaction is negative. ∆H = −286 kJ · mol−1
 nwabuisi (upn64) – Post-lab 2 Enthalpy – lyon – (50555) 2
to calculate ∆H for the reaction ∆H is negative.

2 HCl(g) + F2 (g) −→ 2 HF(ℓ) + Cl2 (g) 007 10.0 points

You have two water samples. Sample X has a
volume of 750 mL and a temperature of 42◦ C.
1. 112 kJ · mol−1
Sample Y has a volume of 380 mL and a
temperature of 42◦ C. Which sample contains
2. 1088 kJ · mol−1
the most heat?
3. 1015 kJ · mol−1
1. Sample Y
4. −112 kJ · mol−1
2. Sample X correct
5. −1088 kJ · mol−1
3. Cannot determine from information
given.
6. −1015 kJ · mol−1 correct
Explanation: 4. Both samples contain the same amount of
heat.
1
∆Hrxn = (−202 kJ · mol−1 )
2
+ 2(−600 kJ · mol−1 )
− (−286 kJ · mol−1 ) Explanation:
= −1015 kJ · mol−1
008 10.0 points
What is the best definition of specific heat?
006 10.0 points
Consider the following reaction 1. the difference between the freezing point
and the boiling point of a substance
1
SO2 (g) + O2 (g) → SO3 (g) .
2 2. the quantity of heat energy that must be
∆Hf for SO2 (g) is −16.9 kJ/mol; absorbed to make one gram of a substance
∆Hf for SO3 (g) is −21.9 kJ/mol. boil
1. ∆H for the reaction is negative. correct 3. the quantity of heat energy that must be
absorbed to increase the temperature of one
2. ∆H for the reaction is positive. gram of a substance by one degree Celsius
correct
3. ∆H for the reaction is zero.
Explanation: 4. the boiling point of a substance
Reactants:
∆Hf SO2 (g) = −16.9 kJ/mol
Products:
∆Hf SO3 (g) = −21.9 kJ/mol Explanation:
Definition
X X
0
∆Hrxn = n Hf0prod − n Hf0rct
    009 10.0 points
kJ kJ Remember to calculate to the correct number
= −21.9 − −16.9
mol mol of sig figs.
kJ Given the following thermodynamic data,
= −5.0
mol
 nwabuisi (upn64) – Post-lab 2 Enthalpy – lyon – (50555) 3
2H2 O(g) → O2 (g) + 2H2 (g) III) Enthalpy (H)
∆Hrxn = 483.6kJ
H2 O(g) → H2 O(l) ∆Hrxn = −44.0kJ 1. I, II, III

What is the molar heat of formation for liquid 2. II, III

water, H2 O (l)?
3. I, III
Correct answer: −285.8 kJ/mole.
4. None are true
Explanation:
The molar heat of formation for liquid wa- 5. I, II
ter is the formation of one mole of liquid water
from its elements in their standard states. So 6. III only correct
the equation you are trying to build is:
7. II only
1
O2 (g) + H2 (g) → H2 O(l) ∆Hrxn = ? kJ
2 8. I only
To create this reaction using the equations Explanation:
you are given, reverse the first equation and Examples of extensive state functions in-
multiply the second reaction by 2, and then clude: mass, volume, enthalpy, entropy, inter-
add the two equations. The result is the reac- nal energy, free energy etc.
tion for the formation of two moles of liquid
water, and you want to know the heat of for- 011 10.0 points
mation for one mole of liquid water, so you Calculate the standard enthalpy of formation
have to divide the reaction (and its ∆H value) of potassium chloride given
in half: K(s) → K(g) +89 kJ · mol−1
K(g) → K+ (g) + e− +418 kJ · mol−1
O2 (g) + 2H2 (g) → 2H2 O(g) 1
∆Hrxn = −483.6kJ Cl2 (g) → Cl(g) +122 kJ · mol−1
2
Cl(g) + e− → Cl− (g) −349 kJ · mol−1
2H2 O(g) → 2H2 O(l) ∆Hrxn = −88.0kJ KCl(s) → K+ (g) + Cl− (g) +717 kJ · mol−1

These add up to: 1. −437 kJ · mol−1 correct

2. 717 kJ · mol−1
O2 (g) + 2H2 (g) → 2H2 O(l)
∆Hrxn = −571.6kJ
3. −717 kJ · mol−1

Divide by two to get the heat of formation: 4. −230 kJ · mol−1

1 5. 437 kJ · mol−1
O2 (g) + H2 (g) → H2 O(l)
2
∆Hf = −285.8kJ Explanation:

010 10.0 points 012 10.0 points

Which of the following state functions are Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction
extensive?
I) Pressure (P) 1
II) Temperature (T) SO2 (g) + O2 (g) → SO3 (g)
2
 nwabuisi (upn64) – Post-lab 2 Enthalpy – lyon – (50555) 4

given the following: ∆Hf0

(kJ/mol rxn) 5. -5477 kJ
SO2 (g) → S(s) + O2 (g) +296.8
2 SO3 (g) → 2 S(s) + 3 O2 (g) +791.4 6. -21,962 kJ

7. -1368 kJ
1. +197.8 kJ/mol rxn
8. -2735 kJ correct
2. +692.5 kJ/mol rxn
Explanation:
3. −197.8 kJ/mol rxn The reverse of this reaction,
4 Al(s) + 3 O2 (g) → 2 Al2 O3 (s)
4. −494.6 kJ/mol rxn
has a ∆H of −3339.6 kJ/mol. From
5. +1088.2 kJ/mol rxn 3.60mol
here, dimensional analysis reveals: ∗
1L
6. −692.5 kJ/mol rxn .455LAl(s) 2molesAl2 O3 −3339.6kJ
∗ ∗ =
1 4molesAL 1moleAl2 O3
7. −98.9 kJ/mol rxn correct −2735kJ
Explanation:
014 10.0 points
Why is it important to continuously stir the
Reaction ∆Hf0 reaction mixture while taking temperature
(kJ/mol) readings?
SO2 (g) → S(s) + O2 (g) +296.8
1h i 1. Stirring is not important because all the
2 S(s) + 3 O2 (g) → 2 SO3 (g) heat is trapped inside the cup whether you
2
1 stir or not.
(−791.4) = −395.7
2
1 2. It is important to continuously stir the
SO2 (g) + O2 (g) → SO3 (g) −98.9 mixture because temperature is a measure of
2
the kinetic energy of the particles and stirring
Total heat produced = −98.9 kJ/mol. provides kinetic energy to the mixture.

013 10.0 points 3. It is important to continuously stir the

Consider the reaction
2 Al2 O3 (s) → 4 Al(s) + 3 O2 (g) .
∆H = +3339.6 kJ/mol
What is the change in heat when 0.455 L of
a 3.60 M Al solution reacts with excess O2 ?
mixture because the unknown metal in Part 2
will not dissolve without continuous stirring.
4. It is important to continuously stir the
mixture in order to make sure the tempera-
ture of the solution is the same throughout
the entire volume. correct

1. -424 kJ 5. It is important to continuously stir the

mixture because the temperature probes we
2. -1695 kJ will be using to measure temperature auto-
matically shut themselves off if they are not
3. -26,521 kJ kept in constant motion.

4. -685 kJ 6. It is important to continuously stir the

 nwabuisi (upn64) – Post-lab 2 Enthalpy – lyon – (50555) 5
mixture in order to keep the reaction going. If Consider the reaction
the stirring slows or stops, the reaction itself
will stop. 2 Al2 O3 (s) → 4 Al(s) + 3 O2 (g) .

∆H = +3339.6 kJ/mol
Explanation:
What is ∆H for the formation of one mole
In Part 1 the hot water and cold water
of Al2 O3 (s) from the elements?
will mix almost immediately, but in the other
three parts, the source of the heat is localized.
1. +3339.6 kJ
In Part 2 there are hot chunks of metal sitting
on the bottom of the cup. In Part 3 the
2. −6679.2 kJ
magnesium metal is also generating heat while
sitting on the bottom of the cup. In Part 4
3. −1669.8 kJ correct
the MgO is generating heat while floating
on the top of the acid solution. Mixing is
4. −3339.6 kJ
important to make sure that the temperature
is the same throughout the solution. If you
5. +1669.8 kJ
don’t mix well, you get a jagged plot that
leads to greater error in the ∆T value. Explanation:
The reverse of this reaction,
015 10.0 points 4 Al(s) + 3 O2 (g) → 2 Al2 O3 (s)
For which reactions
I) O2 (g) + H2 (g) → H2 O2 (ℓ) has a ∆H of −3339.6 kJ/mol. You might no-
II) C(s, diamond) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) tice that both Al and O2 are elements in their
III) N2 (ℓ) + 3 F2 (g) → 2 NF3 (ℓ) standard states, hence their ∆Hf0 values are
3 both 0. Dividing the equation by two pro-
IV) C(s, graphite) + O2 (g) + H2 (g) →
2 vides us with the equation for the formation
CO2 (g) + H2 O(g) of only one mol of Al2 O3 (s) and leads us to
3 the ∆Hf0 for Al2 O3 (s).
V) 2 Fe(s) + O2 (g) → Fe2 O3 (s)
2
would ∆Hr◦ = ∆Hf◦ ?
017 10.0 points
The question is asking you to identify the
1. I, III, IV and V only
chemical equations that represent the change
of enthalpy of formation.
2. II, III and IV only
Which of
3. I and V only correct O2 (g), O2 (ℓ), H2 (g), H2 (ℓ), H2 O(g), H2 O(ℓ)

4. I and II only have a heat of formation equal to zero?

5. I, II, III, IV and V 1. All of them, but only at absolute zero

6. II and IV only 2. O2 (g), O2 (ℓ), H2 (g), H2 (ℓ), H2 O(g),

H2 O(ℓ)
7. IV and V only
3. O2 (g), O2 (ℓ), H2 (g), H2 (ℓ)
8. I, III and V only
4. O2 (g), H2 (g) correct
Explanation:
5. O2 (g), H2 (g), H2 O(g)
016 10.0 points Explanation:
 nwabuisi (upn64) – Post-lab 2 Enthalpy – lyon – (50555) 6
Molecules in their native state at STP have
a heat of formation of zero. 8. −330 kJ

018 10.0 points 9. −761 kJ

A 100 g sample of an unknown liquid absorbs Explanation:
2000 J of heat energy, raising the liquid’s Using Hess’ Law, we add the reactions in
temperature from 50◦ C to 70◦ C . 3
What is the specific heat capacity of this the following manner: times reaction 1,
4
liquid? No phase change took place. 3 1
times reaction 2, times the reverse of
4 2
1. 4000 kJ/g · C reaction 3:
3 3 3 3
CH4 (g) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + H2 O(g)
2. 4.8 J/g · C 4 2 4 2
3
∆H ◦ = (−802 kJ)
3. 0.3 J/g · C 4
3 3 3 3
CH4 (g) + CO2 (g) → CO(g) + H2 (g)
4. 1 J/g · C correct 4 4 2 2
◦ 3
∆H = (247 kJ)
4
5. 2.5 J/g · C 1 3 1 1
CO(g) + H2 (g) → CH4 (g) + H2 O(g)
Explanation: 2 2 2 2
1
∆H = (−206 kJ)
◦

019 10.0 points 2

Use these three reactions 3
CH4 (g) + O2 (g) → CO(g) + 2 H2 O(g)
CH4 (g) + 2 O2 (g) −→ CO2 (g) + 2 H2 O(g) 2
∆H ◦ = −519.25 kJ
∆H ◦ = −802 kJ
CH4 (g) + CO2 (g) −→ 2 CO(g) + 2 H2 (g)
∆H ◦ = 247 kJ 020 10.0 points
CH4 (g) + H2 O(g) −→ CO(g) + 3 H2 (g) Which compound has the smallest specific
∆H ◦ = 206 kJ heat capacity (in J/g·◦ C)?
to determine the appropriate enthalpy change
of 1. copper metal correct

2. water
3
CH4 (g) + O2 (g) −→ CO(g) + 2 H2O(g) .
2 3. ice

1. −450 kJ 4. air
Explanation:
2. −600 kJ

3. −200 kJ

4. −349 kJ

5. −843 kJ

6. −810 kJ

7. −520 kJ correct