SOLUTIONS

PREPARED BY: Ms. Teresa Pagarigan

OBJECTIVES

● describe the different types of solutions

● Identify the different concentration units
● Use different ways of expressing concentration of
solutions
● Solve the problems related to concentration units
●Describe the appearance of the
resulting material?
●What can be observed? Explain.
●SOLUTION -- A homogeneous
mixture of two or more substances in
a single phase (gas, liquid, solid)
●Solvent - The component that
makes up the bulk of the solution.
● Solute -The component that
dissolves in the solvent.
●Alloy - A solid solution
 ●Amount of solute dissolved in a
solvent
Different ●Presence of solute in and out of a
membrane
types of ●Energy of solution formation
solution ●Concentration units and its
according comparison
to: ●Solution stoichiometry
●Factors affecting the rate of
dissolving
 1. Unsaturated Solution
Amount of ⮚Less than the maximum amount
solute of solute for that temperature is
dissolved dissolved in the solvent.
in a ⮚No solid remains in flask.
solvent ⮚Dilute solution
 2. Saturated solution
⮚Solvent holds as much
solute as is possible at that
Amount of temperature.
solute ⮚the amount of solute
dissolved dissolved in a given
amount solvent is in its
in a maximum
solvent ⮚Dissolved solute is in
dynamic equilibrium with
solid solute particles.
 3. Supersaturated
⮚Solvent holds more solute than is
normally possible at that
Amount of temperature.
solute ⮚These solutions are unstable;
dissolved in crystallization can often be
a solvent stimulated by adding a “seed
crystal” or scratching the side of the
flask.
 SODIUM ACETATE

A single crystal of sodium acetate added to a supersaturated solution of sodium

acetate in water causes the excess solute to rapidly crystallize from the solution.
Presence
of Solute
in and out
of
Membran
e
 ●HYPOTONIC SOLUTION – the
concentration of solution inside the
cell is higher than outside of the cell
Presence
●ISOTONIC SOLUTION – the
of Solute concentration outside the cell is
in and out equal to the concentration inside the
of cell (A 0.90% sodium chloride
Membran solution in animal cell)
e ●HYPERTONIC SOLUTION –
higher concentration outside of the
cell than the inside
Types of
Solution
according
to Phase
 ●The intermolecular forces
SOLUTIONS between solute and solvent
particles must be strong enough
to compete with those between
solute particles and those
between solvent particles.

●“LIKE DISSOLVES LIKE”

 ●Solvent molecules attracted to surface ions.
●Each ion is surrounded by solvent molecules.
●Enthalpy (DH) changes with each interaction
How broken or formed.
Does a
Solution
Form?

●Ionic solid dissolving in water