Chemistry I

Mrs. Will

Solutions and Solubility Notes

Basic Definitions
 Solution: homogeneous mixture in which components are uniformly intermingled
 Solvent: substance present in the largest amount which does the dissolving
 Solutes: other substances dissolved in the solvent
 Aqueous solution: one in which water is the solvent

Dissolving of ionic substances (NaCl) in water

When an ionic substance dissolves in water, it breaks up into individual cations and anions.
(see the following animations)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xdedxfhcpWo
http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/molvie1.swf

Water also dissolves polar covalent substances:

Like dissolves like.
 Water dissolves sucrose (OH groups on sucrose can hydrogen bond)
 Carbon tetrachloride dissolves oil (both nonpolar)
 Oil doesn't dissolve in water (oil is nonpolar and can’t form attractions to water or disrupt the H-
bonding in water

Solution Composition Terms

 Saturated solution: contains as much solute as will dissolve at that temperature.
 Unsaturated solution: has not reached the limit of solute that will dissolve
 Supersaturated solution: contains more solute than will dissolve at that temperature
o See link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D1PDE5OawuI

 Concentrated solution: relatively large amount of solute dissolved

 Dilute solution: relatively small amount of solute dissolved
Chemistry I
Mrs. Will

What’s Your Plan of Attack?

1. Given g of solute and grams of solvent, find % by

mass.

2. Given molarity, grams of solute and density, find

the molality.

3. Given grams of solute, grams of solvent & the

boiling point elevation of a substance, find Kb.

4. Given mass of solvent and solute, find mole

fractions.

5. Given percent by mass and density, find molarity.