Eastern Star Academy, Inc.

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Student’s Name:
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Grade Level: Grade 7 Learning Modality: Modular Distance Learning
Subject: Science 7 Subject Teacher: Peter D. Cloma Jr., LPT

GENERAL INSTRUCTION:
Please read carefully. You may jot down notes or use highlighter in reading the
information sheets to assure retention and comprehension. DO NOT SUBMIT the
INFORMATION SHEETS. The activity sheets will be submitted according to the
given schedule. PLEASE WRITE LEGIBLY. Always write your name and other
essential data upon submission. PLEASE follow the prescribed schedule to avoid
incomplete outputs and cramming in the process. DO NOT CHEAT. Disciplinary
actions will be taken if caught and proven. Enjoy learning.

Lesson SATURATED and UNSATURATED SOLUTION

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Lesson Description:
You’ve found out that a solution is formed when a solute dissolves in a solvent to
form a single phase that appears uniform throughout. A solution is clear and the
particles are too small that they cannot be seen by the unaided eye. The particles in
solution are smaller than the pores of the filter paper or the cheesecloth and so these
can pass through the filter.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. describe saturated and unsaturated solution;
2. determine how much solid solute dissolves in each volume of water; and
3. describe the appearance of a saturated solution.

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The substances that make up a homogeneous solution are called components of the
solution. These components are called solvent and a solute. What is solvent? What
is solute?

Solvent it is a component of a solution which dissolves the other component in itself.

It institutes the larger component of the solution. For example, water is a solvent that
dissolves solid substance like sugar.

Solute it is the component of the solution which dissolves in the solvent. It has the
lesser component of the solution. For example, sugar is a solute that dissolves in
water.

You observed that the appearance of solution containing less amount of solute
(sugar) was clear or transparent. When sugar is dissolved in water, the particles of
sugar gets between the spaces of the particles of water and creates a single phase
of solution. However, when you slowly add more amount of sugar into a solution and
stir it, you will observe that the solution reaches already the point at which it cannot
dissolve more solute and the sugar you add sinks to the bottom in solid form.
You have observed that there is a maximum amount of solute like sugar that can
dissolve in a given amount of solvent like water at a certain temperature. The
process took place between sugar and water is called the solubility of the solute. The
solution that contains the maximum amount of solute dissolved by a given amount of
solvent is called a saturated solution. The presence of an excess
solid which can no longer dissolve is evidence that the solution is saturated. A
solution is unsaturated when it contains less solute than the maximum amount it
can dissolve at a given temperature.

When you add more amount of solute in a solution and then you will observe
some particles are left at the bottom of the solution, at this point the solution is
saturated. It is a solution in which the amount of solute is equal to the solute’s
solubility at a given volume and temperature.
During heating of solution, you continue added solute in a solution and it
still dissolved. At this portion the solution is saturated at a higher temperature.
Allowing the solution to cool down at normal temperature and no solute
crystallizes, the solution is Supersaturated Solution. It is a solution in which the
amount of solute is greater than the solute’s solubility at a given volume and
temperature. This state is unstable, which by slight agitation causes precipitation.
In this process, some of the solute will come out of the solution. Once
precipitation occurs, the end result is a saturated solution.

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Saturated and Unsaturated Solutions

Table salt (NaCl) readily dissolves in water. Suppose that you have a beaker of
water to which you add some salt, stirring until it dissolves. So you add more and
that dissolves. You keep adding more and more salt, eventually reaching a point that
no more of the salt will dissolve no matter how long or how vigorously you stir it.
Why? On the molecular level, we know that action of the water causes the individual
ions to break apart from the salt crystal and enter the solution, where they remain
hydrated by water molecules. What also happens is that some of the dissolved ions
collide back again with the crystal and remain there. Recrystallization is the process
of dissolved solute returning to the solid state. At some point the rate at which the
solid salt is dissolving becomes equal to the rate at which the dissolved solute is
recrystallizing. When that point is reached, the total amount of dissolved salt remains
unchanged. Solution equilibrium is the physical state described by the opposing
processes of dissolution and recrystallization occurring at the same rate. The
solution equilibrium for the dissolving of sodium chloride can be represented by one
of two equations.

While this shows the change of state back and forth between solid and aqueous
solution, the preferred equation also shows the dissociation that occurs as an ionic
solid dissolves.
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When the solution equilibrium point is reached and no more solute will dissolve, the
solution is said to be saturated. A saturated solution is a solution that contains the
maximum amount of solute that is capable of being dissolved. At 20°C, the maximum
amount of NaCl that will dissolve in 100. g of water is 36.0 g. If any more NaCl is
added past that point, it will not dissolve because the solution is saturated. What if
more water is added to the solution instead? Now more NaCl would be capable of
dissolving in the additional solvent. An unsaturated solution is a solution that
contains less than the maximum amount of solute that is capable of being dissolved.
The figure below illustrates the above process and shows the distinction between
unsaturated and saturated.

Figure 1. When 30.0 g of NaCl is added to 100 ml of water, it all dissolves, forming an unsaturated solution.
When 40.0 g is added, 36.0 g dissolves and 4.0 g remains undissolved, forming a saturated solution. From the
CK-12 Foundation – Christopher Auyeung.

 How can you tell if a solution is saturated or unsaturated? If more solute is added
and it does not dissolve, then the original solution was saturated. If the added solute
dissolves, then the original solution was unsaturated. A solution that has been
allowed to reach equilibrium but which has extra undissolved solute at the bottom of
the container must be saturated.

ACTIVITY SHEETS

Name: _______________________ Topic: _____________________________

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Subject: _________________________ Grade Level:_____________________

Activity 1:

Guide Questions:
1. In which amount of table salt and water will form an unsaturated solution?
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2. How many grams of table salt will dissolve to water to form a saturated
solution?
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3. Which of the following will form a supersaturated solution?
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Activity 2:

Activity 3:

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 Lesson Quantity Matters
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Lesson Description:
You always notice in buying commercial products in a grocery store such as
alcohol or beverages (e.g. wine), there are writings in its labels like 70% or 40%
isopropyl alcohol or else 12.5% ethanol. But, what does it mean? In this module,
you will learn how to solve problems involving the concentration of solutions. You
will also learn how to compute problems in a step by step process that will lead to
an accurate answer. Knowing these skills is very essential in your future use
especially in the field of science
How to express the concentration of the solution quantitatively? What are
the quantitative descriptions of concentrations?
The module is divided into two activities, specifically:
● Activity 1: Percent by Volume
● Activity 2: Percent by Mass
After going through this module, you are expected to:
● solve the mass of solute, volume of solution or the concentration of
the solution giving two variables.

Sometimes, we express the concentration as a percent of one component in

the solution by volume. In such cases, it is the volume percentage. It is given as:
Volume % of A = Volume of component A ÷Total Volume
For instance, if a solution of sugar in water is said to be 10% by volume that
means a 100mL solution will contain 10mL sugar.

What are quantitative methods of expressing concentration of solutions?

You can describe the concentration of solutions qualitatively (by simply observing
their appearance) and quantitatively (by comparing the number of drops per
volume of water). Therefore, we need more exact, quantitative methods of
expressing concentration.
You can express concentration in other ways such as:
1) percent by volume, it is defined as the volume of solute present in 100 mL
of solution (% v/v)

Example 1:
The active ingredient in wines and other alcoholic beverages is ethanol. A
300mL sample of wine was found to contain 37.5mL of ethanol. What is the
percentage by volume concentration of ethanol in the wine sample?

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Example 2
Determine the volume/volume percent solution made by combining 25 mL of ethanol with enough
water to produce 200 mL of the solution.
Solution
Given parameters are
Volume of solute is 25 mL
Volume of the solution is 200 mL
Substitute the values in the given formula,
Volume percent = volume of solute /volume of solution x 100%
= {25 mL / 200 mL }x 100%
Volume percent = 12.5 %
 
Example 3
A solution is prepared by dissolving 90 mL of hydrogen peroxide in enough water to make 3000
mL of solution. Identify the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution.
Solution
The given parameters are
Volume of solute is 90 mL
Volume of solution is 3000 mL
Substitute the values in the given formula,
Volume percent = volume of solute /volume of solution x 100%
= 90 mL/ 3000mL x 100%
Volume percent = 3 %
 

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 ACTIVITY SHEETS

Name: _______________________ Topic: _____________________________

Subject: _________________________ Grade Level:_____________________
Show the complete process of computation to obtain a correct answer.

Problem #1: What is the percent by volume of a solution formed by mixing

25mL of isopropanol with 45mL water?

Problem #2: A photographic “stop bath” contains 160mL of pure acetic

acid, HC2H3O2(l) in 650mL solution. What is the v/v concentration of acetic
acid in the stop bath?

Problem #3: If I make a solution by adding water to 75mL of ethanol until the total
volume of the solution is 375mL, what is the percent by volume of
ethanol in the solution?

Problem #4: Rubbing alcohol is sold as a 70% (v/v) solution of isopropyl alcohol in
water. What volume of isopropyl alcohol is used to make 500mL of
rubbing alcohol?

Problem #5: A bottle of hydrogen peroxide also known as agua oxigenada is labeled
3% (v/v). How many mL of agua oxigenada are in a 400mL bottle of
this solution?

JOURNAL
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Name: _______________________ Topic: _____________________________
Subject: _________________________ Week #: ____________________
Write your realization, understandings, and all things you’ve learned and
experienced in accomplishing the module. Write legibly.
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Parent’s/ Guardian’s Signature: __________________

Teacher’s Feedback:
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