UNIT 6: THE FIRST UNIVERSITY IN VIETNAM

A - TRỌNG TÂM KIẾN THỨC

I. Từ vựng
• Brief history of the first university in Viet Nam
1070 1076 1484

Temple of Literature Imperial Academy Doctor’s stone tablets

- located in Hanoi - constructed under the reign - erected by King Ly Thanh Tong
- founded under Ly Thanh of Ly Nhan Tong in 1484
Tong’s dynasty - originally a royal school for - established to honor the
- dedicated to Confucious only members of the elite finest scholars
- expanded as National - recognized by UNESCO as
Academy in 1253 World Documentary Heritage in
2010
• Architectural features
The First Great Portico
Courtyard Great Middle Gate & two
smaller gates
The Second Success Courtyard
Courtyard Pavilion of Constellation
The (Khue Van Pavilion)
Interior The Third The Doctors’ Stone Tablets
Area Courtyard Well of Heavenly Clarity
The Fourth The place of the
Courtyard worshipping of Confucius
 The Fifth The Imperial Academy
Courtyard

II. Ngữ âm
1. Âm /tʃ/ & /dʒ/
Âm Cách phát âm Độ rung Minh họa
/tʃ/ Môi hơi tròn và chu về phía trước, khi Không rung thanh
luồng khí phát ra, môi tròn nửa, lưỡi quản.
thẳng và chạm vào hàm dưới, để khí
thoát ra trên bề mặt lưỡi.

/dʒ/ Môi hơi tròn và chu về phía trước, khi Có rung thanh
luồng khí phát ra, môi tròn nửa, lưỡi quản.
thẳng và chạm vào hàm dưới, để khí
thoát ra trên bề mặt lưỡi.

• Âm /tʃ/ chủ yếu được nhận diện trong từ có chứa các nhóm chữ cái sau:
- ch chips choose March which
-t future question
- tch catch watch kitchen
• Âm /dʒ/ có thể được nhận diện trong từ có chứa các nhóm chữ cái sau:
-j jam jacket jeans job
-g general
- ge age large
- dge fridge
2. Trọng âm
• Xác định trọng âm của từ bằng cách nhận biết các hậu tố: Từ kết thúc bằng đuôi - ee, -eer, -ese, -
ique, -esque thường có trọng âm rơi vào chính các hậu tố đó.
Ví dụ:
examinee /ɪɡˌzæmɪˈniː/ absentee /ˌæbsənˈtiː/
engineer /ˌendʒɪˈnɪə(r)/ volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/
 Vietnamese /ˌviːetnəˈmiːz/ Portuguese /ˌpɔːrtʃʊˈɡiːz/
antique /ænˈtiːk/ technique /tekˈniːk/
picturesque /ˌpɪktʃəˈresk/ statuesque /ˌstætʃuˈesk/
III. Ngữ pháp
1. Thể bị động (The Passive Voice)
a. Định nghĩa
Câu bị động là câu mà trong đó chủ ngữ (S) trong câu không thực hiện hành động (V) mà bị tác động
bởi một yếu tố khác.
Ví dụ: The ball is kicked by the boy.
 Chủ ngữ (The ball) không thực hiện hành động (kick) và được tác động bởi The boy.
b. Cấu trúc
Trong câu bị động, động từ luôn bao gồm BE + Vp2. Động từ BE được chia theo thì và chủ ngữ. Cụ thể
như sau:
Thể bị động S + BE + VP2
Thì hiện tại đơn S + am/ is/ are + Vp2
S + am/ is/ are not + Vp2
Am/ Is/ Are + S + Vp2?
Thì quá khứ đơn S + was/ were + Vp2
S + was/ were not + Vp2
Was/Were + S + Vp2?
2. Cách chuyên đổi câu chủ động thành câu bị động

• Các bước chuyển đổi câu chủ động thành câu bị động.
- Xác định ngủ ngữ (S), động từ (V) và thì của động từ, tân ngữ (O).
- Tân ngữ (O) trong câu chủ động đưa lên làm chủ ngữ trong câu bị động.
- Động từ (V) trong câu chủ động sẽ chuyển thành dạng be Vp2, trong đó “be” chia theo thì và chia
theo chủ ngữ.
- Chủ ngữ (S) trong câu chủ động sẽ được đặt sau “by” (by + sb/sth).
• Lưu ý
- Trong câu bị động, by sb/sth đứng sau trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn và đứng trước trạng từ chỉ thời gian.
Ví dụ: These paintings are displayed in a nearby gallery’ by the owner every Sunday.
- Trong câu bị động, nếu đối tượng thực hiện hành động không xác định, không rõ ràng hoặc không
quan trọng (by someone, by them, by people, ...) thì ta có thể bỏ.
Ví dụ: My bike was stolen by someone.
- Phân biệt by sb/sth và with sb/sth: sau by là đối tượng thực hiện hành động, sau with là công cụ để
thực hiện hành động.
Ví dụ: This photo was taken by Jim with an expensive camera.
3. Một số cấu trúc bị động đặc biệt:
a. Câu có hai tân ngữ
Câu chủ động S + V + O1
Câu bị động S1 + be Vp2 + O2 (by sb/sth).
S2 + be Vp2 + prep + O1 (by sb/sth).
Ví dụ Peter gave me a pretty present.
I was given a pretty present by Peter.
A pretty present was given to me by Peter.
b. Bị động của động từ Ving theo sau động từ chính của câu
Câu bị động S + love/ like/... + being Vp2.
Ví dụ I love being called by my nickname.
Peter hates being criticized by his manager.
They don’t mind being kept waiting for such a long time.

B - BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG

I. Từ vựng
Exercise 1: Fill in the blank with the given words to complete the following sentences.
pavilion scholars considered surrounded
 examinations mandarin tablets recognized
1. Chu Van An was not only a great teacher with profound knowledge but also a high- ranking
______________ of the Tran Dynasty.
2. Located in Hanoi, Temple of Literature is ______________ by Bat Trang brick walls and four streets.
3. Doctors’ stone ______________ were first erected in 1484 under the Le Dynasty.
4. Students from all over the nation had to excel in various regional and national ______________
before achieving the rank of doctorate.
5. Temple of Literature - Imperial Academy is ______________ as one of the most important historic
and cultural sites in Hanoi.
6. The names of the nation’s most excellent ______________ were on display in Temple of Literature -
Imperial Academy.
7. The photos and illustrations of Khue Van ______________, the symbol of Hanoi capital, are often
printed on stamps or souvenirs.
8. Van Mieu is one of the precious relics in Hanoi, which was ______________ as a National Relic on
April 28th 1962.
Exercise 2: Fill in the blank with the correct preposition.
1. It is justifiable to regard this project ______________ an opportunity to restore the precious relic.
2. This ancient house is surrounded ______________ many trees and flowers.
3. Various historic artefacts are ______________ display in the national history museum.
4. Attempts have been made to protect the ancient cities ______________ destruction.
5. Various Emperors contributed ______________ the construction of Temple of Literature and
Imperial Academy.
6. Many individuals are getting involved ______________ the preservation of cultural heritage.
7. With the expansion of the Imperial Academic, not only elite people but also the ordinary could
participate ______________ the examinations.
8. Many people from a low social status could become government official thanks ______________
excellent performance in royal court examinations.
Exercise 3: Fill in the blank with the correct form of the word given.
1. The Temple of Literature has earned (RECOGNIZE) ______________ as a historic and cultural site in
Hanoi.
2. This work laid the (FOUND) ______________ for a developed educational system.
3. Excellent (SCHOOL) ______________ were chosen and honored after that exam.
4. (CONSTRUCT) ______________ of the building started three years ago.
5. Do you know the (LOCATE) ______________ of the Imperial Academy?
6. The design of the building allows for (EXPAND) ______________.
7. The museum reflects the (CULTURE) ______________ diversity of Vietnam ethnic minority groups.
8. The tour guide introduced us to some outstanding (ARCHITECTURE) ______________ features of
the Temple of Literature.
II. Ngữ âm
Exercise 1: Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from others.
1. A. magic B. gentle C. large D. luggage
2. A. magazine B. imagine C. manager D. original
3. A. education B. edition C. admiration D. administer
4. A. budget B. graduate C. judge D. durable
5. A. challenge B. age C. college D. colleague
6. A. congestion B. suggestion C. question D. recognition
7. A. culture B. century C. eventually D. inviolate
8. A. which B. march C. achingly D. children
9. A. concerto B. concern C. concede D. conceal
10. A. characteristic B. challenge C. champion D. changeable
Exercise 2: Choose the word whose main stress is different from the others.
1. A. absentee B. employee C. volunteer D. attendee
2. A. committee B. engineer C. chimpanzee D. domineering
3. A. antique B. technique C. concern D. scenic
4. A. critique B. ancient C. critic D. culture
5. A. preservation B. tradition C. construction D. erection
6. A. necessity B. necessary C. temperature D. literary
7. A. relic B. knowledge C. inform D. custom
8. A. appreciate B. accurate C. concentrate D. separate
9. A. surroundings B. recognize C. substantial D. romantic
10. A. influential B. discipline C. fascinate D. contrary
III. Ngữ pháp
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer.
1. The documentary (was sent/sent) as soon as the manager asked for it.
2. I would like to (be reserved/ reserve) a table for two at 8 p.m. tonight, please.
3. An orange tree (does not bear/ isn ’t born) fruit until it is at least three years old.
4. Students nowadays (learn/ are learned) useful knowledge from various sources.
5. Animals should (be helped/help) to survive in the wild, rather than kept in captivity.
6. Ways to preserve national heritage (were proposed/proposed) in the last meeting.
7. When Jim (submitted/ was submitted) his essay late, the teacher was dissatisfied.
8. This pagoda (is regarded/ regards) as a historic and religious site of the town.
9. The roof of the house (was collapsed/ collapsed) due to the snowstorm yesterday.
10. Because Jim isn’t used to the job, he is easily (exhausted/ exhausting) after a few hours working.
11. “Fragile, handle with care” (was written/ wrote) on the package to make sure it would remain
intact.
12. Some people think that happiness can’t (buy/ be bought) with money while others disagree.
13. To complete the job properly, we (were provided/provided) with intensive training before carrying
out the task.
14. I managed to complete most of the assignments, but I (got/was got) stuck on one or two
sentences.
15. Part of the historic bridge {is destroyed/ was destroyed) during war time but it has been restored
recently.
Exercise 2: Provide the passive form of the verb given in the present or past simple tense.
1. The new timetable (announce) ______________ yesterday so that everyone was well-prepared for
all the coming tasks.
2. The police (suppose) ______________ to ensure security for the civilian.
3. In order to preserve the national heritage, a restoration project (launch) ______________ last year.
4. We can’t see through the window because it (not/ clean) ______________ properly.
5. Fortunately, my handbag (not/ damage) ______________ by this cleaning fluid.
6. (They/ thrill) ______________ with the gift you sent them last week?
7. Do you know when the temple (construct) ______________?
8. Asa routine, a healthy breakfast (prepare) ______________ by Mr. White before his family wake up.
9. This type of fish (not/ usually/ catch) ______________ by fishermen for commercial purpose.
10. The sailing ship (break) ______________ apart due to the recent storm.
11. A meeting (schedule) ______________ for last Friday but it was cancelled because the manager
was absent.
12. Lectures on cross-culture communication (often/ deliver) ______________ by Prof. Edwards.
Exercise 3: Provide the correct form of the verb given.
1. All the trees (affect) ______________ by the drought last year, so we couldn’t expect a bumper
crop.
2. Having been there before, we (know) ______________ exactly how much time we should allow for
the journey.
3. It was a wonderful party. We (enjoy) ______________ ourselves a lot.
4. Peter is strange; he doesn’t like (help) ______________ by anyone even when he can’t do the job.
5. Since my father (give) ______________ me a bike, I have been cycling to school.
6. Snakes (fear) ______________ by many people because of their appearance and poison.
7. The forest fire (destroy) ______________ an area of the Amazon rain forest.
8. The stolen car (find) ______________ by a child who was riding his bike through the park.
9. I wonder whether we (provide) ______________ with more information about the program or not.
10. Air pollution in cities worsens as more and more traffic fumes (emit) ______________.
11. Who (appoint) ______________ as the new headmaster of the school?
12. It (suggest) ______________ that improvements to the bus service should be made.
Exercise 4: Change the following active sentences into passive voice.
1. A bee stung her while she was watering the flowers.
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. When did they found Oxford University?
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. The headmaster convenes regular meetings for the teachers to discuss issues.
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. In your family, who often does the washing?
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. The French colonialists constructed Long Bien bridge from 1899 to 1902.
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. The teacher always tells him to stop talking in the class.
__________________________________________________________________________________
7. No one informed me of any changes in the plan.
__________________________________________________________________________________
8. They introduced a new TV show aiming at young audience several weeks ago.
__________________________________________________________________________________
9. I really hate people keeping me waiting in any occasion.
__________________________________________________________________________________
10. They delivered a parcel to me a few minutes ago.
__________________________________________________________________________________
11. Peter accidentally broke his father’s favorite vase.
__________________________________________________________________________________
12. Ms. Graham taught English to children in the neighborhood free of charge.
__________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 5: Identify the mistake in each of the following sentences and correct it.
1. Some of the students were confusing about this complex grammar point.
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. Should this envelop be sealed by glue or sticky tape?
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. A scholarship was awarded with Peter due to his excellent academic performance.
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. Did the assignment be graded by Mr. Johnson?
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. The principal was claimed that his school offered the best learning opportunity for students.
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. The first university of Vietnam was found under the reign of Ly Nhan Tong.
__________________________________________________________________________________
7. I will only forgive him after he is admitted that he is wrong and says sorry.
__________________________________________________________________________________
8. The lesson supposed to be delivered by Ms. Jones but she was sick that day.
__________________________________________________________________________________
C - BÀI TẬP LUYỆN TẬP
Exercise 1: Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from others.
1. A. architecture B. scholar C. chemist D. chairman
2. A. construction B. destruction C. congestion D. erection
3. A. erect B. recognize C. chemistry D. dedicate
4. A. honor B. honest C. heir D. heritage
5. A. general B. gallery C. generate D. gist
Exercise 2: Choose the word whose stress is different from the others.
1. A. literature B. interest C. historic D. culture
2. A. tradition B. attraction C. recognition D. foundation
3. A. imperial B. dynasty C. rename D. expand
4. A. original B. successful C. excellent D. outstanding
5. A. complex B. structure C. worship D. honor
Exercise 3: Fill in the blank with the correct form of the verb given.
construct rename establish recognize
destroy honor worship regard
1. The country _____________ the soldiers’ bravery by erecting a memorial.
2. Do you know when the buildings _____________? Maybe 2 years ago.
3. In Le Dynasty, Imperial Academy _____________ Thai Hoc Vien.
4. The university _____________ in 2010 with a purpose of training young individuals for technical
jobs.
5. Khue Van Pavilion _____________ as the symbol of Hanoi City.
6. Chu Van An, a teacher and high-ranking mandarin of the Tran Dynasty, _____________ in the
Temple of Literature.
7. Ha Long Bay _____________ twice by UNESCO as a World Natural Heritage site in 1994 and 2000.
8. During the time of war, parts of the Temple of Literature _____________ by the French.
Exercise 4: Fill in the blank with ONE suitable word.
1. The whole Temple of Literature - Imperial Academy is surrounded _____________ brick walls.
2. As far as I know, the lake used to be called Grand Lac by the Freeh in 1919, then it was
_____________ Xuan Huong Lake in 1953.
3. The Eiffel Tower was built by and named _____________ the French engineer Gustave Eiffel.
4. Made entirely _____________ wood, this house is a famous tourist attraction in the local area.
5. This event is held to honor these researchers _____________ recognition of their great contribution
to medical science.
Exercise 5: Provide the correct form of the word given at the end of each sentence.
1. The severe storm left a trail of (DESTROY) _____________ behind it.
2. The architect received the award in (RECOGNIZE) _____________ of his talent.
3. She is doing a (DOCTOR) _____________ in cultural studies.
4. (EMPIRE) _____________ Ly Thanh Tong founded the Temple of Literature.
5. Temple of Literature is one of the (HISTORY) _____________ sites in Hanoi.
6. We want to spend our summer in pleasant (SURROUND) _____________ of the countryside.
7. The Imperial Academy was (ORIGINATE) _____________ constructed as a royal school for the elite
only.
8. 1484 marked the (ERECT) _____________ of Doctors’ stone tablets to honor the nation’s best
scholars.
Exercise 6: Choose the best answer.
1. Hung Kings’ Temple Festival _____________ a large number of visitors every year.
A. attracts B. is attracted C. attracted D. was attracted
2. One Pillar Pagoda, built on a single stone pillar, _____________ to resemble a lotus blossom.
A. was designed B. designed C. design D. designs
3. Hoi An Ancient Town is _____________ in the heart of Quang Nam province.
A. placed B. surrounded C. located D. taken place
4. Halong Bay was recognized as World _____________ Site by UNESCO in 1994 and 2000.
A. Inheritance B. Heritage C. Tradition D. Culture
5. As employees, they object to _____________ unfairly by their manager.
A. be treated B. being treated C. treat D. treating
6. The purpose of Imperial Academy was to _____________ young men for the nation.
A. educating B. educate C. educated D. be educated
7. Imperial Academy consisted _____________ many classrooms and libraries for students.
A. in B. of C. about D. with
8. This rainforest is recognized internationally _____________ a conservation area.
A. as B. in C. at D. of
Exercise 7: Make questions for the underlined part of the following sentences.
1. Temple of Hung Kings was built in the 10th century AD on the territory of Phong Chau.
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. Hung Kings Temple is surrounded by trees and residential areas.
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. Annually, the Hung Kings Festival takes place on 1 Oth March of the lunar calendar.
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. The festival gives Vietnamese people a chance to visit their land of origin.
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. In the festival, the incense-offering ceremony is held to express the respect and gratitude to the
ancestors.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. Besides sacred ceremonies, there are a wide range of folk games in the festival.
__________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 8: Reading the following passage and decide if the following statements are True or False
according to the passage.
The Temple of Literature has five courtyards, each surrounded by a separating wall. Each
courtyard has its own gate named to illustrate the courtyard’s connotation to a main aspect of
literature and learning.
The first and second courtyards was used by ancient scholars to relax on the lawns and under the
trees. The second courtyard houses the Pavilion of Literature (Khue Van Pavilion) - built in 1805. The
pavilion is a red, wooden pavilion with an intricately decorated roof, two round windows and a bronze
bell (only to be touched by monks) that is rung during important events. The second courtyard also
holds tow gates dedicated to literature - the Crystallization of Letters and Magnificence of Letters
gates.
In the third courtyard visitors will find the Thien Quang well and two large halls that holds the
Stelae of Doctors. The Stelae are blue turtles carved from stone on which the names of the 1307
Doctorate graduates who passed the Royal examinations are engraved. They also contain praise for
monarchs, explanations of the Royal examinations and the names of the people who organized the
examinations.
The fourth courtyard is called the Gate of Great Synthesis. The courtyard holds to additional gates
named The Golden Sound and the Jade Vibration. This courtyard is the House of Ceremonies and
here, inside the Dai Thanh sanctuary, altars to Confucius, his disciples and 10 honored philosophers
can be found.
The fifth courtyard was only added to the property in 1076 to house the Imperial Academy. The
courtyard has statues of Confucius, his disciples and Chu Van An. The fifth courtyard hosts cultural
events here today along with a display of uniforms from previous scholars.
In the past scholars were highly regarded in Vietnamese society- often seen as being of the
highest social standing, or Si. The temple is a reminder of Vietnam’s high regard for learning and
education.
(Source: https://www.vietnam.com/en)
1. __________ The five courtyards are not separated by any walls.
2. __________ The first courtyard was used by ancient scholars as a place to learn.
3. __________ Thien Quang Well is located in the third courtyard.
4. __________ Only the names of 1307 Doctorate graduates who passed the Royal examinations are
engraved on the Stelae.
5. __________ Confucius, his disciplines and Chu Van An’s statues are placed in the fourth courtyard.
6. __________ Cultural events used to be held in the fifth courtyard.
Exercise 9: Fill in each blank with one suitable word to complete the passage.
The Imperial City of Hue (1) __________ long been a must-see attraction for tourists seeking
cultural beauty and the important history of Vietnam. Recognized (2) __________ UNESCO as a World
Heritage Site, the Imperial City was actually a fortress and palace in the capital city of the Nguyen
Dynasty (3) __________ 140 years. Initially, the fortress was (4) __________ solely from soil, and then
replaced by bricks later. The city was surrounded by a complicated canal system which was not only as
a protection but (5) __________ as a waterway with nearly seven kilometers.
Exercise 10: Change the following active sentences into passive voice.
1. People regard Khue Van Pavilion as the symbol of Hanoi city.
 Khue Van Pavilion
2. Do foreign tourists visit Temple of Literature nowadays?
 Is
3. They didn’t allow the commoners to study in the Imperial Academy when it was first established.
 The commoners
4. People should make every attempt to preserve the national heritage.
 Attempts
5. Who founded the first university of Vietnam? WHOM
 By
6. Someone broke into my house while I was away. HAD
I
7. Is it necessary for US to preserve these old buildings? HAVE
 Do
8. A visit to Temple of Literature gives tourists a chance to look into the history of education in
Vietnam. VISITING
 Tourists