UNIT 7: TRAFFIC

A - TRỌNG TÂM KIẾN THỨC

I. Từ vựng
On the road Traffic
Road features Road signs Road users Traffic rule Problems
traffic lights - prohibition signs cyclist driving license - traffic jam/
zebra crossing - warning signs driver speed limit gridlock/ congestion
junction - information signs pedestrian law - accident
highway passenger legal/ illegal
obey

Means of transportation
Bus/ Train Plane Taxi Car Bicycle
driver pilot driver driver cyclist
drive fly drive drive ride
fare air fare fare go by go by
catch/take take take get in/out get on/off
get on/get off get on/off get in/out
bus/railway airport taxi rank
station
• Chức năng của từ trong câu
Tính từ đứng trước danh từ trong câu, bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đó.
… (a/an/the) (my/ adj noun …
your/ his/ her/
our/ their/ its)
Cụm danh từ
He is a good student.
These are my favorite books.
My mother cooks a delicious meals for my family.
II. Ngữ âm
1. Âm /e/ & /ei/
Âm Cách phát âm Độ rung Minh họa
/tʃ/ Môi hơi tròn và chu về phía trước, khi Không rung thanh
luồng khí phát ra, môi tròn nửa, lưỡi quản.
thẳng và chạm vào hàm dưới, để khí
thoát ra trên bề mặt lưỡi

/dʒ/ Môi hơi tròn và chu về phía trước, khi Có rung thanh
luồng khí phát ra, môi tròn nửa, lưỡi quản.
thẳng và chạm vào hàm dưới, để khí
thoát ra trên bề mặt lưỡi

• Âm /e/ chủ yếu được nhận diện trong từ có chứa các nhóm chữ cái sau:
-e check leg letter zebra
- ea bread head read (past tense)
-a any many
- ai again said
• Âm /ei/ có thể được nhận diện trong từ có chứa các nhóm chữ cái sau:
-a age came plane
- ay day play say
- ai rain wait
- ea break great
- eigh eight weight

III. Ngữ pháp

1. Câu hỏi về khoảng cách
- Cách sử dụng: “How far” là câu hòi thường được dùng để hỏi về khoảng cách, quãng đường giữa hai
địa điểm. Ta đặt “It” làm chủ ngữ trong câu để nói về khoảng cách.
- Cấu trúc:
How far is it from A to B?
It is (about) + distance.
E.g. How far is it from your house to Not Bai Airport?
It is about 14 kilometers.
- Cách hỏi khác: What is the distance between A and B?
E.g. What is the distance between your house and Not Bai Airport?
2. Cấu trúc used to
Cách dùng Cấu trúc “used to” được dùng để nói về những thói quen, hành động hoặc trạng thái
đã xảy ra thường xuyên trong quá khứ và đã kết thúc, không còn ở hiện tại.
Cấu trúc (+) S + used to + V.
(-) S + didn’t use to + V.
(?) Did + S + use to + V?
Ví dụ There used to be horse-drawn carriages on the streets.
There didn’t use to be many automobiles on the streets.
Did buffalo carts use to be very popular in this village?
3. Cấu trúc be/get used to
Cách dùng Cấu trúc “be used to” được dùng để nói về hành động ai đó đã làm nhiều lần, đã quen
và có kinh nghiệm, không còn lạ lẫm nữa.
Cấu trúc (+) S + be used to + Noun/ Ving.
 (-) S + be use to + Noun/Ving.
(?) Am/is/are + S + used to + Noun/Ving?
Ví dụ They are used to following a different set of traffic rules.
They are not used to following a different set of traffic rules.
Are they used to following a different set of traffic rules?
Lưu ý Cấu trúc get used to Noun/Ving có thể được sử dụng đế nói về việc ai đó đang tập làm
quen tới điều gì.
Cấu trúc be/get accustomed to Noun/Ving dùng tương tự như be/get used to Ving.

B - BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG

I. Từ vựng
Exercise 1: Write name of these following traffic signs. (Turn Left, Turn Right, ...)

1. ____________ 2. ____________ 3. ____________ 4. ____________ 5. ____________

6. ____________ 7. ____________ 8. ____________ 9. ____________ 10. ___________

Exercise 2: Fill in the blank with given words or phrases.
driving license arrival light abide
limit gridlock fare pedestrians
1. The train was half an hour late. I think the reason for the late ____________ was bad weather.
2. Two ____________ were injured when the car skidded.
3. If you travel by plane, the ____________ will cost you less if you travel midweek.
4. Modern technology can alert you if it detects that you are travelling at a speed beyond the
____________.
5. A ____________ is a document that shows that someone has official permission to drive a vehicle.
6. Red ____________ running is a violation of traffic rules that endanger the offender as well as other
road users.
7. There is always ____________ in rush hours, causing many people to be late for work.
8. You have to ____________ by the traffic rules to ensure the safety of yourself and others.
Exercise 3: Fill in the blank with the correct form of the word given at the end of the sentence.
1. She was quite ____________ about how she spoke to him. CARE
2. Keep food chilled to prevent the spread of ____________ bacteria. HARM
3. A taxi was picking up a ____________ outside the hotel. PASS
4. Children are the most ____________ victims of war. HELP
5. ____________ achievement in the country is slowly rising. EDUCATE
6. This is one of the nation's most chronically ____________ airports. CONGESTION
7. She is his ____________ wife, and so is entitled to inherit the money. LAW
8. He is never an ____________ child. OBEY
9. This is not a very ____________ book about local customs. INFORM
10. Listening to people's concerns is an ____________ part of my job. ESSENCE
II. Ngữ âm
Exercise 1: Put the words in the correct groups.
pay sensitive nation heavy treasure
breakfast extend raise jealous invasion
many shade leather preparation threat
freight Stretch danger measure obey
/e/ /ei/

Exercise 2: Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from others.
1. A. pain B. said C. afraid D. straight
2. A. ceiling B. neighbor C. vein D. freight
3. A. except B. when C. then D. theft
4. A. make B. playground C. station D. many
5. A. ready B. break C. ahead D. dead
6. A. rest B. help C. garden D. identify
7. A. traffic B. pavement C. plane D. station
8. A. sign B. mistake C. triangle D. drive
9. A. nearest B. head C. bread D. health
10. A. railway B. mail C. sail D. captain
Exercise 3: Choose the word whose main stress is different from the others.
1. A. legal B. lawful C. appear D. village
2. A. passenger B. reserved C. crossing D. junction
3. A. enroll B. preference C. hobby D. gridlock
4. A. beautiful B. expensive C. plenty D. difficult
5. A. theater B. highway C. station D. machine
6. A. vehicle B. limit C. illegal D. trouble
7. A. sociable B. driver C. accident D. prepare
8. A. pedestrian B. accidental C. suggestion D. advice
9. A. local B. junction C. warning D. invent
10. A. harmless B. careful C. signal D. consider
III. Ngữ pháp
Exercise 1: Provide the correct form of the verb with used to.
1. (You/ have) ____________ long hair when you were younger?
2. He (read) ____________ several books a month, but he doesn't have time any more.
3. I (break) ____________ my limbs in an accident when I was 21.
4. I (like) ____________ big cities, but now I prefer the countryside.
5. I (be) ____________ able to run ten kilometres, but I can’t run that far now.
6. I don’t travel very much these days, but I (be) ____________keen on exploring new destinations.
7. In your last job, how many hours a day (you/ work) ____________?
8. Lisa (have) ____________ very long hair when she was a child.
9. Lisa works in a shop now. She (be) ____________ a receptionist in a hotel.
10. They (live) ____________ in the country, but now they live in the city.
11. We (watch) ____________ TV a lot, but now we don’t have much free time.
12. We were surprised to see her driving - she (not drive) ____________ when we first met her.
13. What games (you/play) ____________ when you were a child?
14. What music (you/ like) ____________ when you were a child?
15. When I had to commute to work every day, I (get) ____________ up very early.
Exercise 2: Provide the correct form of the verb with be/get used to.
1. It’s just a simple game for you to learn to play. You will (play) ____________ it in no time, I'm sure.
2. Mr. Smith was shocked when he joined our busy company because he (not/ do) ____________
much work everyday.
3. I once found it hard to do anything on my own. Now I (work) ____________ more independently.
4. You'll have to (drive) ____________ on the right when you live there.
5. I found it hard to (live) ____________ in such a hot country.
6. I'm finding this new job hard but I'm sure I (do) ____________ it soon.
7. I (hear) ____________ the noise now. I found it really stressful when I first moved in.
8. It took my mother years (live) ____________ in Japan after moving from Vietnam.
9. I'm a teacher so I (speak) ____________ in public.
10. Soldiers must (wake) ____________ up early in the morning.
Exercise 3: Provide the correct form of the verb with used to or be used to.
1. I (not like) ____________ country music. But as I get older, I find this kind quite healing and
relaxing.
2. At one time American mothers (hope) ____________ their sons would grow up to become the
President.
3. He (act) ____________ impolitely but now, he is a real gentleman.
4. I don’t feel good. I stayed up until 3 am. I (not/ stay) ____________ up so late.
5. It is an old habit in my country that people (drink) ____________ tea after meal.
6. Once grandparents, parents and children (live) ____________ together, but now grandparents (live)
____________ by themselves.
7. Our friends moved to Spain a few years ago. They (live) ____________ in Paris.
8. There (be) ____________ a hotel near the airport, but it was closed a long time ago.
9. When I started to work here, I needed a lot of help, but now I (work) ____________ on my own.
10. When Mr. Brown was the manager, everything (be) ____________ organized. Now it’s total chaos
here.
Exercise 4: Identify the mistake in each of the following sentences and correct it.
1. How far it is from your house to the nearest cinema? ____________
2. What is the distant between Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City? ____________
3. It is not very far from my hometown and this city. ____________
4. How long does it take to travel to Hanoi to Hoi An? ____________
5. Forty kilometers are a long distance for us to ride our bike. ____________
6. How far is it from the city center to nearest craft village? ____________
7. We used to travel as far than ten kilometers to school. ____________
8. Going to school used to taking us at least two hours. ____________

C - BÀI TẬP LUYỆN TẬP

Exercise 1: Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from others.
1. A. obligation B. congestion C. recommendation D. legislation
2. A. passenger B. zebra C. pedestrian D. measure
3. A. license B. illegal C. traffic D. prohibit
4. A. says B. breakfast C. many D. quay
5. A. pilot B. gridlock C. crossing D. contact
Exercise 2: Choose the word whose stress is different from the others.
1. A. gridlock B. legal C. obey D. careless
2. A. congestion B. traffic C. abandon D. illegal
3. A. information B. legislation C. necessary D. economic
4. A. police B. secure C. safety D. correct
5. A. license B. permit C. allow D. abide
Exercise 3: Choose the best answer
1. When we were small, we used to go to school ____________ foot, although the school was very far
away.
A. by B. in C. on D. with
2. Traffic lights are placed at road ____________ and crossings with their different colors telling
drivers what to do.
A. intersections B. sections C. lanes D. platforms
3. Congestion experienced by ____________ can increase stress from driving in stop-and-go traffic.
A. passer-by B. commuters C. witnesses D. traffic
4. You can communicate your driving intentions to other drivers by using the turn ____________ on
your car.
A. signs B. buttons C. signals D. flashes
5. When we ____________ a double-decker bus, the children always want to sit upstairs.
A. go on B. go off C. drive D. travel
6. It is suggested that passengers keep their seat belt ____________ throughout the flight.
A. tightened B. fastened C. locked D. fixed
7. When driving, you should maintain a safe ____________ from the vehicle in front of you.
A. distance B. speed C. sign D. length
8. Buses are not very ____________. Sometimes they come every ten minutes, then other times you
have to wait for twenty minutes.
A. punctual B. timely C. in time D. instant
Exercise 4: Provide the correct tense of the verbs with used to, be used to or get used to.
1. European drivers find it difficult to (drive) ____________ on the left when they visit Britain.
2. His father (walk) ____________ two miles a day - now he doesn't exercise at all!
3. I (drive) ____________ as I have had my driving license almost a year now.
4. In my first three weeks in that Asian country, I (not/ use) ____________ chopsticks to pick food,
which was quite inconvenient.
5. I've only been at this company a couple of months. I (still/ not) ____________ how they do things
round here.
6. See that building there? I (go) ____________ to school there, but now it's an amusement park.
7. When I first arrived in this neighborhood, I (not/ live) ____________ in a bungalow. I had always
lived in apartment buildings before.
8. When Yoko went to live in France, she (live) ____________ there very quickly. She's a very open-
minded person.
9. Whenever my friends invited me to a fancy restaurant, I (not/ go) ____________ with them, but
now I enjoy it.
10. Working till 10 p.m. isn't a problem. I (finish) ____________ late. I did it in my last job too.
Exercise 5: Provide the correct form of the word given.
1. The ____________ lost control of his car when the brakes failed, and it went at full speed down the
hill. DRIVE
2. Many people took part in the region’s biggest ____________ race. CYCLIST
3. It’s ____________ to drive through a red light. LEGAL
4. The death rate for ____________ hit by cars is unacceptably high. PEDESTRIAL
5. Residents who ____________ traffic rules will be heavily punished. OBEY
6. Major airports will need new runways to relieve ____________. CONGEST
7. NY City has announced a ____________ on smoking on buses. PROHIBIT
8. The damage couldn’t have been caused ____________. ACCIDENT
Exercise 6: Identify the mistake in each of the following sentences and correct it.
1. At first the employees didn't like the new open-space office, but in the end they used to it.
A. employees B. open-space office C. in the end D. used to
2. I’m afraid I'll never get used to with this place. I simply don’t like it and never will.
A. afraid B. get used to with C. don’t D. never will
3. She used to be an employ at the post office before she started her own business.
A. used to B. employ C. post office D. started her own business
4. Did you used to like eating vegetables when you were young?
A. Did you used to B. eating vegetables C. when D. you were young
5. There didn’t be open fields all round our town when I was a boy.
A. There didn’t be B. all round our town C. when D. was
Exercise 7: Make questions for the underlined words or phrases.
1. It is about three kilometers from my old house to this new one.
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Peter is getting used to waking up early to do morning exercise.
______________________________________________________________________________
3. There used to be a lot of horse-drawn vehicles on the street.
______________________________________________________________________________
4. It takes US about 20 minutes to travel to work every day.
______________________________________________________________________________
5. I think I will have to get accustomed to driving on the left side when travelling to that country.
______________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 8: Choose the best answer.
The first three months of 2022 saw more people die in traffic crashes in New York City since 2014,
according to a new report from Transportation Alternatives and Families for Safe Streets (1)
____________ overnight Tuesday. (2) ___________ the report, there has been a 44% increase in
traffic fatalities in the first quarter of 2022 compared to the same period last year, with 59 people
dying in crashes. In Brooklyn, it was the (3) ___________ February for pedestrian on record under
Vision Zero - the City program launched in 2014 to (4) ___________ the city’s traffic (5) ___________ -
with six people killed and 249 injured. It (6) ___________ in this month that 99-year-old Holocaust
survivor Jack Mikulincer was killed by the driver of a BMW SUV as he crossed Coleridge St and Oriental
Blvd at Manhattan Beach in his (7) ___________ wheelchair. The data is (8) ___________ Brooklyn
leaders to fear traffic fatalities in 2022 are on track to be worse than 2021’s record-breaking year. “We
cannot stand (9) ___________ when data is clearly trending in the wrong direction, especially when it
(10) ___________ the lives of our youngest and most vulnerable New Yorkers,” Brooklyn Borough
President Antonio Reynoso said.
(Source: https://www.nyl.com/nyc/all-boroughs)
1. A. published B. released C. introduced D. brought
2. A. According to B. However C. Nevertheless D. Contrary to
3. A. deadliest B. most interesting C. most underrated D. most costly
4. A. increase B. delete C. stop D. reduce
5. A. rate B. expectancy C. fatalities D. proportion
6. A. was B. is C. were D. be
7. A. electrifying B. electricity C. electrical D. electric
8. A. causing B. resulting C. making D. indicating
9. A. careful B. idle C. aware of D. thorough
10. A. includes B. involves C. composes D. accounts
Exercise 9: Reading the following passage and answer the following questions.
There are no easy answers to the problems of traffic congestion. Traffic congestion affects people
throughout the world. Traffic jams cause smog in dozens of cities across both the developed and
developing world. In the U.S., commuters spend an average of a full work week each year sitting in
traffic, according to the Texas Transportation Institute. While alternative ways of getting around are
available, most people still choose their cars because they are looking for convenience, comfort and
privacy.
The most promising technique for reducing city traffic is called congestion pricing, whereby cities
charge a toll to enter certain parts of town at certain times of day. In theory, if the toll is high enough,
some drivers will cancel their trips or go by bus or train. And in practice it seems to work: Singapore,
London and Stockholm have reduced traffic and pollution in city centers thanks to congestion pricing.
Another way to reduce rush hour traffic is for employers to implement flextime, which lets
employees travel to and from work at off-peak traffic times to avoid the rush hour. Those who have to
travel during busy times can do their part by sharing cars. Employers can also allow more staff to
telecommute (work from home) so as to keep more cars off the road altogether.
Some urban planners still believe that the best way to ease traffic congestion is to build more
roads, especially roads that can take drivers around or over crowded city streets. But such techniques
do not really keep cars off the road; they only accommodate more of them.
Other, more forward-thinking, planners know that more and more drivers and cars are taking to
the roads every day, and they are unwilling to encourage more private automobiles when public
transport is so much better both for people and the environment. For this reason, the American
government has decided to spend some $7 billion on helping to increase capacity on public transport
systems and upgrade them with more efficient technologies. But environmentalists complain that
such funding is tiny compared with the $50 billion being spent on roads and bridges.
(Source: https://mini-ielts.com/)
1. How traffic jams affect people specifically?
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. In what way can employers contribute to dealing with traffic congestion?
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. Which cities are successful with congestion pricing?
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. What is the drawback of building more roads?
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. Why did the US government decide to upgrade the traffic systems?
___________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 10: Rewrite the following sentences so that the meaning does not change, using used to V
or be/get used to Ving.
1. When I was a child, we went to Boston at least once a month.
 When I was a child,
2. It’s unusual for her to stay up all night.
 She
3. He is a primary school teacher so he deals with children every day.
 He is a primary school teacher so he
4. Tom was a better chess player in the past than he is now.
 Tom doesn't play chess
5. In the past, I enjoyed fishing more.
 I don't enjoy fishing
6. Tom started working in a new office. At first, he was confused but after a few weeks it became
normal for him.
 It took Tom a few weeks
7. I didn't know that Tom was a policeman before he became a farmer.
 I didn't know that Tom before he became a farmer
8. Tom often talks to foreigners. It’s nothing new for him.
 Tom
9. In the past, I played tennis more often.
 I don't play tennis
10. In the past, Tom had a bad relationship with his brother.
 Tom and his brother well