CONTINUITY

OF A
FUNCTION
 CONTINUIT
Y
 INFORMALLY, A CONTINUOUS FUNCTION
IS ONE WHOSE GRAPH CAN BE DRAWN
WITHOUT THE ‘PEN’ LEAVING THE
PAPER.

 ONE WITH NO HOLES OR GAPS.

 CONTINUITY TEST
A FUNCTION 𝒇 𝒙 IS CONTINUOUS AT THE NUMBER a IF AND ONLY
IF THE FOLLOWING THREE CONDITIONS ARE ALL SATISFIED:

i. 𝒇 𝒂 EXISTS

ii. 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇 𝒙 EXISTS

𝒙→𝒂

iii. 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒇 𝒂
𝒙→𝒂

IF ONE OF THESE CONDITIONS FAILS TO HOLD AT a, THE f IS SAID TO

BE DISCONTINUOUS AT a.
 EXAMPLES
𝟏. 𝒑 𝒙 = 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙 + 𝟓 𝐚𝐭 𝒙 = 𝟏

i. 𝒑 𝟏 = 𝟑(𝟏)𝟐 −𝟏 + 𝟓 = 𝟕 ; 𝐄𝐗𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐒

ii. 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙 + 𝟓 = 𝟕 ; 𝐄𝐗𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐒

𝒙→𝟏

iii. 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒑 𝒙 = 𝒑 𝟏
𝒙→𝟏

∗ 𝒑 𝒙 𝐈𝐒 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐔𝐎𝐔𝐒 𝐀𝐓 𝐱 = 𝟏
 EXAMPLES
𝟐
𝟐. 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝐚𝐭 𝒙 = 𝟎 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝒙 = −𝟏
𝐱+𝟏

𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
i. 𝒇 𝟎 = = = = 𝟐 ; 𝐄𝐗𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐒
𝐱+𝟏 𝟎+𝟏 𝟏
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
ii. 𝐥𝐢𝐦 = = = 𝟐 ; 𝐄𝐗𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐒
𝒙→𝟎 𝐱+𝟏 𝟎+𝟏 𝟏

iii. 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒇 𝟎
𝒙→𝟎

∗ 𝒇 𝒙 𝐈𝐒 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐔𝐎𝐔𝐒 𝐀𝐓 𝐱 = 𝟎
 EXAMPLES
𝟐
𝟐. 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝐚𝐭 𝒙 = 𝟎 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝒙 = −𝟏
𝐱+𝟏
𝟐
i. 𝒇 −𝟏 =
−𝟏+𝟏
𝟐
= ; 𝐃𝐎𝐄𝐒 𝐍𝐎𝐓 𝐄𝐗𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐒
𝟎

∗ 𝒇 𝒙 𝐈𝐒 𝐃𝐈𝐒𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐔𝐎𝐔𝐒 𝐀𝐓 𝐱 = −𝟏
 EXAMPLES
𝟐𝒙
𝟑. 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝐚𝐭 𝒙 = −𝟏 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝒙 = 𝟑
𝒙𝟐 −𝟒𝒙+𝟑

𝟐𝒙 𝟐(−𝟏) 𝟏
i. 𝒈 −𝟏 = = = − ; 𝐄𝐗𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐒
𝒙𝟐 −𝟒𝒙+𝟑 (−𝟏)𝟐 −𝟒(−𝟏)+𝟑 𝟒

𝟐𝒙 𝟐(−𝟏) 𝟏
ii. 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝟐 = = − ; 𝐄𝐗𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐒
𝒙→−𝟏 𝒙 −𝟒𝒙+𝟑 (−𝟏)𝟐 −𝟒(−𝟏)+𝟑 𝟒

iii. 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝒈 −𝟏
𝒙→−𝟏

∗ 𝒈 𝒙 𝐈𝐒 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐔𝐎𝐔𝐒 𝐀𝐓 𝐱 = −𝟏
 EXAMPLES
𝟐𝒙
𝟑. 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝐚𝐭 𝒙 = −𝟏 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝒙 = 𝟑
𝒙𝟐 −𝟒𝒙+𝟑
𝟐𝒙 𝟐(𝟑) 𝟔
i. 𝒈 𝟑 = = =
𝒙𝟐 −𝟒𝒙+𝟑 (𝟑)𝟐 −𝟒(𝟑)+𝟑 𝟎

; 𝐃𝐎𝐄𝐒 𝐍𝐎𝐓 𝐄𝐗𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐒

∗ 𝒈 𝒙 𝐈𝐒 𝐃𝐈𝐒𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐔𝐎𝐔𝐒 𝐀𝐓 𝐱 = 𝟑
 THANK YOU
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