RISK ANALYSIS

OF TSUNAMI ACEH
Sekar Maharani & Anwar Fauzan
 Banda Aceh is one of the areas that potentially affected to
tsunami. The tragedy of the Indian Ocean earthquake on
December 26, 2004 the largest earthquake in the last 40
years. Wave height of sea level when the tsunami reaches
land (the run-up height) measured as high as 20 meters, the
inundatio could smash land as far as 8 kilometers away from
the beach so that 50% of all buildings were damaged by the
tsunami wave
INTRODUCTION
Aceh is the westernmost province
in Indonesia which is part of the
island of Sumatra. The western part
of Sumatra Island has a subduction
zone between the Indo-Australian
Plate and the Eurasian Plate. The
Indo-Australian Plate is subducting
beneath the Eurasian Plate due to
the influence of gravity. This
movement causes fractures. This
fault caused an earthquake
measuring 9 SR which was followed
by a tsunami on December 26
2004
WHAT IS TSUNAMI?
A tsumami is a displacement
of a body of water caused
by a sudden vertical change
in sea level. Changes in sea
level can be caused, among
other things, by:
- Earthquakes centered
under the sea,
- Undersea volcanic
eruptions
- Undersea landslides,
- A meteor hit from space
fell into the sea.
HAZARD ANALYSIS OF
TSUNAMI
Tsunami hazard analysis
used to classify areas
according to the level of
tsunami hazard. In general,
the area inundated by the
tsunami in Banda Aceh City
was 4,852 ha of the total
area of ​Banda Aceh City. The
following is a map of the
areas affected by the FIGURE 1
tsunami in Banda Aceh City 2004 TSUNAMI INFLATION
in 2004. MAP
TSUNAMI VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS
Population Vulnerability to Tsunami in Banda
Aceh City
Population aspect vulnerabilities, namely
population density, the greater the
population density, the greater the
vulnerability of an area. Areas with dense
populations will suffer more casualties than
areas with sparse populations.
 Of the 6 sub-districts in
Banda Aceh City, 1 sub-
district is high vulnerability,
covering an area of ​521 ha or
8.5% of the area of ​Banda
Aceh City, 4 sub-districts
are medium vulnerability,
covering an area of ​3,261 ha
and 1 sub-district is low
vulnerability, covering an
area of ​726 ha. .

POPULATION DENSITY VULNERABILITY MAP

Economic Vulnerability to Tsunami in Banda
Aceh City
Economic vulnerability is related to
the economic ability of an individual or society to face the threat of
danger. In general, poor or underprivileged communities or areas
are more vulnerable to danger, because they do not have adequate
financial capacity to carry out disaster prevention or mitigation
efforts. One aspect of economic vulnerability can be seen from
livelihoods that are vulnerable to the tsunami disaster.
Physical Environmental
Vulnerability to
Tsunami in Banda Aceh
City
Physical vulnerability
describes a
physical conditions that are
vulnerable to tsunami
hazards. The indicators used
are building density, land
height relative to sea level,
distance from the coastline,
distance from rivers, and
land use.
1. Building Density The higher
the building density in an
area, the higher its level of
vulnerability to tsunamis,
because the number of
objects that may be
exposed to tsunami hazards
will be greater.

2. Height of land relative to sea level

Based on DEM (Digital
Elevation Model), the results were obtained in
the form of a map of the vulnerability of land
height to sea level in Banda Aceh City. High
vulnerability is at a height of 0 – 5 m, medium
vulnerability is at a height of 5 – 10 m and low
vulnerability is at a height of > 10 m.
3. Distance from the coastline
Getting closer to the coastline
the more vulnerable it will be to a
tsunami, while the further away
from the coastline the less
vulnerable it will be to a tsunami.

4. Distance from the river

getting closer to the river
perpendicular to the coastline will be vulnerable to tsunami
waves. In the analysis, distance from the river is divided into
several levels of vulnerability. Classes with high vulnerability are at
a distance of less than 250 meters from the river. Meanwhile
classes with low vulnerability are at a distance of more than 750
meters from the river with a high probability of not being hit by
tsunami waves, and can evacuate horizontally if a tsunami comes.
5. Land Use Management
Based on the results of data
processing
Land use parameters show that
the land use vulnerability of Banda
Aceh City is included in the high
vulnerability category because it
can be seen that land use for
residential areas is 67%, there are
no longer many activities carried
out on the coast which is an area
prone to tsunamis.
6. Total Physical Vulnerability of the Environment to
Tsunamis in the City of Banda Aceh. This vulnerability
is the result of an overlay
and scoring of vulnerability assessments on physical
environmental vulnerability variables, namely analysis
of building density, land height relative to sea level,
analysis of distance from the coastline, analysis of
river distances and land use analysis.

7. Total Vulnerability to Tsunami in Banda Aceh City

Overlay results and assessment classification
The level of vulnerability in this research shows that the city of
Banda Aceh is mostly included in the low vulnerability level
category at 41%. This is because some of the areas that will be
affected by the tsunami are far from the coast.
TSUNAMI RISK ANALYSIS
Land Use Management
Based on the results of data processing
Land use parameters show that the land use
vulnerability of Banda Aceh City is included in
the high vulnerability category because it can
be seen that land use for residential areas is
67%, there are no longer many activities carried
out on the coast which is an area prone to
tsunamis.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of this analysis, it shows that the city of
Banda Aceh needs more attention to high tsunami risk areas,
namely coastal areas. One way that can be done to reduce this
risk is by carrying out community-based disaster risk reduction.
Because when a disaster occurs, the community is the one who
feels the direct impact of the disaster.