Pengantar Rekayasa dan Desain

Saturday, August 3, 2019 7:26 AM

= Engineering Design Process =

Answer a problem by making a solution, different with Researching that snswer the question by
experiment.

A. GROUND RULES

- Design Notebook
Put ideas, notes, graphs, sketches etc. in the notebook so others can follow your thinking and your
design.
If some competitor claims prior invention (in a legal suit or a patent contest) you will have a clear,
dated, signed response that will be accepted in any court

- Teaming and The Team Leader

Team leader may be assigned or spontaneously arise from the team
Team leader is a participant, not a supervisor, and leads by example
Successful teams assign clear roles and work assignments
Team leader fosters good internal communication in the team
Shares leadership responsibilities
Team decisions by consensus

B. ENGINEERING DESIGN STEP

1. Define the problem
2. Do Backgroung Research
3. Specify Requirements
• Conflicting requirements (Cost, Aesthetic, Geometry, Capacity, Phisycal Characteristic,
Performance Characteristic, Inputs/Outputs, Manufacturing Considerations, Enviromental
Requirement, User Requirement, Regulatory and Licensing, Audio Characteristic, Marketing
Characteristic) mean you have to assess what is needed.
• Once you have a problem understood, you need a List of Specifications
○ Be specific as possible and use numbers where possible e.g., not “heavy” but “2.5 kg” etc.
• Demanded and Wished for constraints
4. Generate alternative concepts and solutions
• Brainstorming within teaming
○ The sum of your combined brains exceeds that of the same number in series!
○ Never ever criticize another team member’s ideas
• Concept sketching
○ Label parts and main features
No dimensions at this time. Remember, this is not a detailed drawing

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 ○ No dimensions at this time. Remember, this is not a detailed drawing
○ Provide multiple views and close-up views if needed to describe how the design works.
• Functional Decomposition
○ Break the problem down into constituent bits
○ Brainstorm alternative concepts for each function
○ combine the best subfunctions
• Promising concepts pull together

3. Evaluate and select a concept and solution

4. Detail the design

5. Design defense

6. Manufacture and test

7. Evaluate performance

8. Prepare the final design report

C. CONSTRAINT IN ENGINEERING DESIGN (https://slideplayer.com/slide/1478931/)

Design Engineers must consider a multitude of technical, economic, social, environmental, and
political constraints when they design products and processes.There must be clear evidence in
your design project that you have addressed the constraints that are relevant to your project.

1. Safety Operational
a. Human (Healthy) - warning, training
b. Environmental - land, sea, air, noise, light, radiation, reaction, transport
2. Economic
a. Marketing analysis – size of market, distribution, market segments
b. Design costs – design team computing, information retrieval
c. Development costs – design detailing, supplier costs, testing costs
d. Manufacturing cost - tooling, labor, overhead, assembly, inspection
e. Distribution costs - packing, transport, service centers, spare parts, warranty
f. Resources – time, budget, labor, capital, machines, material
3. Functional
a. Overall Geometry – size, width, space, arrangement
b. Motion of parts – type, direction, velocities, acceleration, kinematics
c. Forces involved – load direction, magnitude, load, impact
d. Energy needed – heating, cooling, conversion, pressure
e. Materials to be used – flow, transport, properties
f. Control system – electrical, hydraulic, mechanical, pneumatic
g. Information flow – inputs, outputs, form, display
4. Quality Assurance

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 4. Quality Assurance
a. Quality control – inspection, testing, labeling
b. Reliability – design life, failures, statistics
5. Manufacturing
a. Production of components – factory limitations, means of production, wastes
b. Purchase of components – supplier quality, reliability, quality control, inspection
c. Assembly – installation, foundations, bolting, welding
d. Transport – material handling, clearance, packaging
6. Timing Design Schedule
a. Development schedule – design detailing, compliance tests
b. Production schedule – manufacture, assembly, packing, transport
c. Delivery schedule – delivery date, distribution network, supply chains
7. Ergonomic
a. User needs – type of operation, instructions, warnings
b. Ergonomic design – man-machine relationships, operation, height, layout, comfort, lighting
c. Cybernetic design – controls, layout, clarity, interactions
8. Ecological
a. General environmental impact – impact on natural resources, social resources
b. Sustainability – political and commercial consequences, implications for following generations
c. Material selection –solid, liquid, gas, stability, protection, toxicity
d. Working fluid selection – fluid, gas, flammability, toxicity
9. Aesthetic
a. Customer appeal – shape, color, texture, form, feel, smell, surprise and delight features
b. Fashion – culture, history, trends
c. Future expectations – rate of change in technology, trends, product families
10. Life-Cycle
a. Distribution – means of transport, nature and conditions of dispatch, rules, regulations
b. Operation – quietness, wear, special uses, working environments
c. Maintenance – servicing intervals, inspection, exchange and repair, cleaning, diagnostics
d. Disposal – recycle, scrap
11. Legal or Ethical
a. Regulations – OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration), FAA (Federal
Aviation Administration, regulate all aspects of civil aviation), FDA (Food and Drug
Administration)
b. Ethics – public safety, health, welfare and integrity
c. Intellectual Property – patents, trademarks, copyrights

E. The Difference Between Engineering Design Process ang Method of Researching

Engineering Process Design Method of Researching

Answer the problem by making a solution Answer the question by experiment
Make Requirements Make Hypothesis
Focused on Creativity, Innovation, Designing, building, and Making observations and doing
testing something experiments

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