Good Day!

Grade 11 students
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 READING AND WRITING
LESSON: 1
It’s time to
take down Text as a
notes!
Connected Discourse
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 What’s in?

Text
A large unit of language.

Discourse
Utterance, talk, speech, discussion,
and conversation
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 Connected Discourse

A text is a connected discourse,

which means that all ideas in the text
must be related in the sense that
they would express only one main
idea.
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 Properties of a
Well-Written Text How do you
know that a
text is a we
ll-
written?
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 Well-written Text
A well-written text is like a connect-the-dot
picture. Once the dots are properly
connected, the image or message becomes
clear and understandable.
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 Properties of a Well-Written Text
❑ Organization
❑ Coherence and Cohesion
❑ Appropriate language use
❑ Proper mechanics
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 Organization

01 o

o
It refers to the arrangement
of ideas in a text.
Helps to guide the reader
logically through it
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 Organization can be achieved through the
following techniques:

Physical Signal words Structure

format
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 Physical Format
The format is an aspect of the organization that
is immediately apparent to the reader.
● It is seen in how the text physically appears

*headings and subheadings

*bullet points
*font emphasis (e.g., boldface, italics, underline, color,
etc.)
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 Sample text employing the “physical
format” technique in Organization
Dinosaurs existed about 250 million years ago to 65 million years
ago. This era is broken up into three periods known as the Triassic,
Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. The Triassic Period lasted for 35 million
years from 250-205 million years ago. Planet Earth was a very different
place back then. All the continents were united to form one huge land mass
known as Pangaea. The Jurassic Period was the second phase. The
continents began shifting apart. The time scale for this famous period is
from 205 to 138 million years ago. The Cretaceous Period was the last
period of the dinosaurs. It spanned a time from 138 million to about 65
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million years ago. In this period the continents fully separated. However,
Australia and Antarctica were still united.
 Signal Words
● are textual cues that readers can use
to follow a text.
● the ordering of events and concepts
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 Sample text employing the “signal words”
technique in Organization
When I got home from school after a long
boring day, I took out the peanut butter, jelly, and
bread. After taking the lid off of the jars, I spread the
peanut butter on one side of the bread and the jelly
on the other, and then I put the two pieces of bread
together. After that, I enjoyed it while watching
“Probinsyano” on TV. I swear, that was the best
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peanut butter and jelly sandwich I ever ate.

 Structure
The structure provides the framework upon
which the text is organized. lead / hook

○ Beginning: introduction, thesis Lead or Hook

statement, hook is the first one or
two sentences of
○ Middle: supporting details
your essay. It
○ End: conclusion, summary, final message serves as an
introduction and
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works to grab the

reader's attention
 Sample text employing the “structure”
technique in Organization

Ancient philosophies believe that a person has an “aura,” this

appears as a rainbow of light around the body that can be seen by
individuals with clairvoyant abilities. The colors change depending on
one’s mood, health, and thoughts. Some scientists believe that the
existence of the aura has something to do with the electromagnetic
fields produced by cells and tissues in the human body. Whether
auras are real or not, the fact remains that there are forces
everywhere that are real even though we cannot see them.
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 Tips about Text Organization

❑ Makes a text easy to read

❑ Prevents the reader from becoming
confused by a jumble of words,
sentences, and paragraphs that are
in no particular order
❑ Can be achieved through physical
format, signal words, and structure
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 Coherence and Cohesion

02
Coherence and cohesion makes
your text easier for your readers
to follow and understand.
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 Cohesion
It refers to the
connection of ideas
at the sentence level.
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 Transitional Devices
● In addition, moreover, as mentioned earlier, however,
and etc.

Example:
I enjoy watching good movies. In addition, I love to
dine with my family and friends as we watching movies.
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 Coherence
It refers to the unity
of the ideas,
sentences and
paragraphs in a text.
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 Appropriate Language Use

03
-Refers to the acceptable
writing styles (i.e., word
choice, sentence structure,
and paragraph structure)
for a particular form of
text.
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 Considerations in Language Use
1. Determine when it is appropriate to
use formal language or when
informal language is acceptable.
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 Considerations in Language Use
2. When you write, you should also make
sure that the language you use is direct
and simple rather than complicated so
that readers would easily understand
the text.
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 Considerations in Language Use
3. You should also be sensitive enough
to use unbiased language, so you will
not offend any individual or any
particular group of people.
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 Motive Questions
*Are there instances that you get confused when reading a
text—
*say a street sign, a product packaging, a random social
media post/tweet, or a viral meme?
*What do you think are the most common causes of confusion in
writing?
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 Pre-Lesson Activity
Look at the following sample texts, then
identify the reason that causes confusion
in the total understanding of the text.
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 SPELLING
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 PUNCTUATION
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 CAPITALIZATION
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 Proper Mechanics

04 -Mechanics refers to the

conventions of writing such as
capitalization, punctuation,
correct spelling and numerals
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 Example:

Dcr. andie said i could co=me to, his ofice

next week?
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