MARUCS EARL A CEPE

ACTIVITY NO. 6
 What we'll discuss
What do the symbols in the Philippine Flag represent based on the
document? Illustrate and describe each symbol.Topic
According to the document, what are the acts committed by the
Spaniards against the Filipinos? Create a table/diagram/illustration
summarizing those acts.
What is the importance of the Declaration of the Independence in our
history? Explain.
The United States was mentioned in the Declaration. What do you think
is/are the role/s of
the United States in the Declaration of Philippine Independence?
What do the symbols in the Philippine Flag represent based on the document? Illustrate and describe
each symbol.Topic

Sun symbolizes freedom, unity, democracy, and

sovereignty. The eight rays protruding from the sun are
representative of the 8 provinces that first revolted against
Spain and those are Nueva Ecija, Manila, Pampanga,
Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, and Bataan. The white
section stands for liberty, equality, and fraternity. The red
portion represents courage and patriotism, while the blue
stands for justice and peace. These 3 colors (white, blue
and red) commemorate the flag of United States of
America.
 Acts committed by Spaniards against Filipinos
Abuse by the Civil Guards and the unlawful shooting of prisoners whom they
alleged as attempting to escape.
Unequal protection of the law between the Filipino people and the eminent
personages.
The execution, as written in the document, was done to please the greedy
body of friars in their insatiable desire to seek revenge upon and
exterminate all those who are opposed to their Machiavellian purposes,
which tramples upon the penal code prescribed for these islands.
Executed the martyred native priests, Mariano Gomez, Jacinto Zamora and
Jose Burgos whose innocent blood was shed through the intrigues of those
so-called religious orders that incited the three secular priests in the said
mutiny.
Unjust deportation and rendering of other decision without proper hearing,
expected of any civilized nation.
 IMPORTANCE OF THE DECLARATION OF
PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE

The Spanish-American war was concluded by the Treaty of Paris which decreed that Spain would give up the Philippines, but in turn the archipelago
would become a colony of the United States. Filipinos had not been consulted, and as a result the war for independence turned against the United
States. After over two years of fighting, Aguinaldo was captured and President Theodore Roosevelt declared the end of the PhilippineAmerican War.
The campaign for independence continued on the political front, even as sporadic violent resistance against American rule continued to break out. In
August 1916, the Jones Law, more formally known as the Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916, was passed, promising independence to the Philippines once
Filipinos were able to prove that they could govern themselves. No timetable was set, but once the United States declared war on Germany in World
War I, Philippine political leaders offered a division of Filipinos to fight on the side of the United States. Filipinos were given great leeway in running the
government at that time, but once the Great War ended, the US government reexamined Philippine conditions and strengthened American control of
the insular government. Filipinos sent regular independence missions to Washington to call for concrete steps towards independence, which were
rebuffed by the prevailing Republican administrations. The advent of the Great Depression made Congress rethink USPhilippine relations, and passed the
Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act in 1933, over President Herbert Hoover’s veto. The Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act (HHC) envisaged a 10 year transitory period during
which time the Philippines would establish a semi-autonomous government under an elected Filipino president. The act was rejected by the Philippine
Legislature later that year, after much debate and political wrangling. Manuel L. Quezon, President of the Philippine Senate, proceeded to Washington
immediately after to negotiate a more advantageous law, citing among others issues relating to the continuance of US bases in the Philippines after
independence, the limits of authority of the Philippine president in the transitory government, and the abrupt end of Philippine preferential trade
relations with the United States.

Source: Commemorative stamps celebrating Independence Day from the collection of Dr. Ricardo T. Jose
 The Malolos Constitution
1897 BIAK-NA-BATO REPUBLIC
The constitution of the republic of Biak-na-
bato was written by Felix ferrer and Isabelo
Artacho, who copied the Vuban constitution of
Kimaguayu nearly word for word. it provided
for the creation of a Supreme Council which
was created on November 02, 1897.
1898 THE AMERICAN INTERVENTIOON
On February 04,1899, just two days before the
US senate ratified the treaty, fighting broke out
between American forces and Filipino
nationalist. The ensuing PhilippineAmerican
war lasted three years and resulted in the
death of over 4,200 American and over 20,000
Filipino combatants. As many as 200,000
Filipino civillians died from violence, famine and
disease.
1898 THE RETURN OF \AGUINALDO
From his exile, Aguinaldo made arrangements with US
authorities to return to the Philippines and assist the United
States in war against Spain. He landed on May 19, rallied his
revolutionaries and began liberating towns south of Manila. On
June 12, he proclaied Philippine Independence and established a
provincial Government.
1898 THRE TREATY OF PARIS
The treaty of Paris of 1898 was a treaty signed by
Spain and the United States on December 10,1898
that ended the Spanish-American war. The cession
of the Philippines involved a compensation of 20
million dollars from the United States to Spain. The
treaty came into effects on April 11, 1899.
1899 THEE MALOLOS CONGRESS
After a lengthy debate in the latter part og 1898, it
was promulgated on 21st January 1899. After the
Malolos Congress was convened on 15 September
1898, a committee was selected to draft a
constitution for the republic.
1902 OF FILIPINO-AMERICAN WAR
In 1902, The United States Congress passed
the Philippine Organic act, which provided for
the creation of the Philippine Assesmbly, with
members to be elected by Filipino males. \
Source: The First Philippine republic by wynnmlmbn
https://www.slideshare.net/wynnmlmbn/the-first-philippinerepublic
LEGISLATIVE JUDICIAL
EXECUTIVE BRANCH
The Philippines is a republic with a presidential form of government wherein power is equally
divided among its three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. One basic corollary in a
presidential system of government is the principle of separation of powers wherein legislation
belongs to Congress, execution to the Executive, and settlement of legal controversies to
the Judiciary. The Legislative branch is authorized to make laws, alter, and repeal them
through the power vested in the Philippine Congress. This institution is divided into the
Senate and the House of Representatives. The Executive branch is composed of the
President and the Vice President who are elected by direct popular vote and serve a term of
six years. The Constitution grants the President authority to appoint his Cabinet. These
departments form a large portion of the country’s bureaucracy. The Judicial branch holds the
power to settle controversies involving rights that are legally demandable and enforceable.
This branch determines whether or not there has been a grave abuse of discretion amounting
to lack or excess of jurisdiction on the part and instrumentality of the government. It is made
up of a Supreme Court and lower courts. The Constitution expressly grants the Supreme
Court the power of Judicial Review as the power to declare a treaty, international or
executive agreement, law, presidential decree, proclamation, order, instruction, ordinance or
regulation unconstitutional.
Why do you think the Malolos Constitution put so much
emphasis on the protection and promulgation of the
rights of citizens?

This is due to the Philippines having experienced the

longest era of colonization by the Spanish and other
nations. As a result, the Malolos Constitution, which was
enacted by the Malolos Congress, embodied the
protection and proclamation of citizens rights

Citation
Thank You for
listening!