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EXERCISE
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
x2 9
Q1. Evaluate Lim
x 3 x 3
x2 9 ( x + 3) ( x 3)
Sol. Given that Lim = Lim Lim x + 3
x 3 x 3 x 3 ( x 3) x 3
Taking limit, we have
3+3 = 6
Hence, the answer is 6.
4x2 1
Q2. Evaluate Lim
x
1 2x 1
2
4x2 1
Sol. Given that: Lim
x
1 2x 1
2
(2 x)2 (1)2 (2 x + 1) (2 x 1)
= Lim1 2x 1
Lim
1 2x 1
x x
2 2
= Lim1 (2 x + 1)
x
2
Taking limit, we have
1
= 2 +11+12
2
Hence, the answer is 2.
x+h x
Q3. Evaluate: Lim
h0 h
x+h x
Sol. Given that Lim
h0 h
x+h x
= Lim x+h + x
h0 h[ x + h + x ]
[Rationalizing the denominator]
x+hx
= Lim
h0 h[ x + h + x ]
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Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
h 1
= Lim = Lim
h[ x + h + x ]
h0 h0 x+h + x
Taking the limits, we have
1 1
=
x+ x 2 x
1
Hence, the answer is .
2 x
( x + 2)1/ 3 21/ 3
Q4. Evaluate: Lim
x0 x
( x + 2)1/ 3 21/ 3
Sol. Given that Lim
x0 x
Put x + 2 = y x = y – 2
y1/ 3 21/ 3 y1/ 3 21/ 3
= Lim = Lim
y 2 0 y2 y2 y2
1
1
1 1 x n an
(2) 3 = 2 2 / 3
= using Lim n an 1
3 3 x a xa
1 2/ 3
Hence the answer is (2)
3
(1 + x)6 1
Q5. Evaluate: Lim
x 0 (1 + x)2 1
(1 + x)6 1
Sol. Given that: Lim
x 0 (1 + x)2 1
Dividing the numerator and denominator by x, we get
(1 + x)6 1
= Lim x
x 0 (1 + x)2 1
x
Putting 1 + x = y x = y – 1
y 6 (1)6 y 6 (1)6
Lim f ( x)
y1 y 1 y1 f ( x) Lim
= Lim 2 2 = Lim x a
y 1 0 y (1) y 2 (1)2 x a g( x) Lim g( x)
y 1 Lim x a
y1 y 1 y1
6 (1)6 1 6 x n an
= 3 using Lim n an 1
2 (1)2 1 2 x a xa
Hence, the required answer is 3.
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Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
5/ 2
( a + 2)5/2
(2 + x)
Q6. Evaluate: Lim
x a xa
(2 + x)5/2 ( a + 2)5/ 2
Sol. Given that: Lim
x a (2 + x) ( a + 2)
(2 + x)5/2 ( a + 2)5/ 2
= Lim
2 + x a + 2 (2 + x) ( a + 2)
x n an
5 5/ 2 1 5 3/ 2 Lim n a n 1
= ( a + 2) = ( a + 2)
2 2 x a x a
5 3/ 2
Hence, the required answer is ( a + 2) .
2
x4 x
Q7. Evaluate: Lim
x 1 x 1
x4 x
Sol. Given that Lim
x 1 x 1
[ x7 / 2 (1)7 / 2 ]
x
x [( x)7 / 2 1] x1
= Lim = Lim
x 1 x 1 x 1 ( x) (1)1/ 2
1/ 2
x1
[Dividing the numerator and denominator of x –1]
( x)7 / 2 (1)7 / 2
x1
= Lim Lim x
x 1 ( x)1/ 2 (1)1/ 2 x 1
x1
Lim f ( x) g( x) Lim f ( x) Lim g( x)
x a x a x a
7 7/2 1
(1)
2 7/2
= 1 1 = =7
(1)1/ 2 1 1/2
2
Hence the required answer is 7.
x2 4
Q8. Evaluate: Lim x 2 3x 2 x + 2
x2 4
Sol. Given that Lim
x 2 3x 2 x + 2
Rationalizing the denominator, we get
( x 2) ( x + 2) [ 3 x 2 + x + 2]
= Lim
x 2 [ 3 x 2 x + 2] [ 3 x 2 + x + 2]
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Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
( x 2) ( x 2) [ 3 x 2 x 2]
= Lim
x 2 3x 2 x 2
( x 2) ( x 2) [ (3x 2) x 2]
= Lim
x 2 2x 4
( x 2) ( x 2) [ (3x 2) x 2]
= Lim
x 2 2( x 2)
( x 2) [ 3 x 2 x 2]
= Lim
x 2 2
Taking limits, we have
(2 2) [ 6 2 2 2] 4[2 2] 4 4
= = 8
2 2 2
Hence, the required answer is 8.
x4 4
Q9. Evaluate: Lim 2
x 2 x 3 2 x 8
x4 4
Sol. Given that Lim 2
x 2 x 3 2 x 8
( x 2 2) ( x 2 2)
= Lim 2
x 2 x 4 2 x 2 x 8
( x 2) ( x 2) ( x 2 2)
= Lim
x 2 x( x 4 2) 2( x 4 2)
( x 2) ( x 2) ( x 2) ( x 2) ( x 2 2)
= Lim = Lim
x 2 ( x 4 2) ( x 2) x 2 x4 2
Taking limits we have
( 2 2) (2 2) 2 24 8
= =
2 4 2 5 2 5
8
Hence, the required answer is .
5
x7 2 x 5 1
Q10. Evaluate Lim 3
x 1 x 3 x 2 2
Sol. Given that
x7 2 x 5 1 0
= Lim 3 form
x 1 x 3 x 2 2 0
x7 x 5 x 5 1 5 2 5
x ( x 1) 1 ( x 1)
= Lim = Lim 2
x 1 x 3 x 2 2 x 2 2 x 1 x ( x 1) 2 ( x 2 1)
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Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
x2 1 x5 1
x5 1 x1
x1
= Lim
x 1 x 1 x2 1
x2 2
x 1 x1
x 5 (1)5
Lim x 5 ( x 1) Lim
x 1 x 1 x 1
=
Lim x 2 2 Lim ( x 1)
x 1 x 1
1(2) 5 (1)5 1 2 5 3
= = 1
1 2(2) 1 4 3
Hence, the required answer is 1.
1 x3 1 x3
Q11. Evaluate: Lim
x0 x2
1 x3 1 x3
Sol. Given that Lim
x0 x2
1 x3 1 x3 1 x3 1 x3
= Lim
x0 2 3 3
x 1 x 1 x
(1 x 3 ) (1 x 3 )
= Lim
x0
x 2 1 x 3 1 x 3
1 x3 1 x3
= Lim
x0
x 2 1 x 3 1 x 3
2x3 2x
= Lim = Lim =0
2 3
x0 3
x 1 x 1 x x0 1 x 1 x3
3
x 3 27
Sol. Given that Lim 5
x 3 x 243
x 3 (3)3
x3
= Lim [Dividing the Nr and Den. by x – 3]
x 3 x 5 (3)5
x3
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Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
x 3 ( 3)3
Lim
x 3 x+3 f ( x) Lim f ( x)
= Lim x a
x 5 ( 3)5 x a g( x) Lim g( x)
Lim x a
x 3 x+3
3( 3)3 1 3 ( 3)2 1 1
=
5( 3) 5 1
5 ( 3) 4 5 3 15
1
Hence, the required answer is .
15
8x 3 4x2 + 1
Q13. Evaluate: Lim 2
x 2 x 1 4x 1
1
2
8x 3 4x2 + 1
Sol. Given that Lim 2
x 2 x 1 4x 1
1
2
(8 x 3) (2 x + 1) (4 x 2 + 1)
= Lim
1
x (4 x 2 1)
2
16 x 2 6 x + 8 x 3 4 x 2 1
= Lim1
x 4x2 1
2
2 2
12 x + 2 x 4 2(6 x + x 2)
= Lim = Lim1
1
x
2
4 x 1 x 2 4x2 1
2
2[6 x 2 + 4 x 3 x 2] 2[2 x(3 x + 2) 1 (3 x + 2)]
= Lim1 = Lim1
x (2 x + 1) (2 x 1) x (2 x + 1) (2 x 1)
2 2
2(3 x + 2) (2 x 1) 2(3 x + 2)
= Lim1 = Lim1
x (2 x + 1) (2 x 1) x (2 x + 1)
2 2
Taking limit, we have
1 7
2 3 + 2 2
2 2 7
= =
1 2 2
2 +1
2
7
Hence, the required answer is .
2
xn 2n
Q14. Find ‘n’ if Lim 80, x N
x 2 x 2
xn 2n
Sol. Given that Lim 80
x 2 x 2
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Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
x n an
= n (2)n–1 = 80 Lim n an 1
x a xa
= n 2n–1 = 5 (2)5–1
n=5
Hence, the required answer is n = 5.
sin 3 x
Q15. Evaluate: Lim
x 0 sin 7 x
sin 3 x
Sol. Given that Lim
x 0 sin 7 x
sin 3 x sin 3 x
3x Lim 3
3x 3 x0 3 x
= Lim =
x 0 sin 7 x sin 7 x 7
7x Lim
7x 7 x0 7 x
1 3 3 sin x
= Lim 1
1 7 7 x0 x
3
Hence, the required answer is .
7
sin 2 2 x
Q16. Evaluate: Lim
x 0 sin 2 4 x
sin 2 2 x
Sol. Given that Lim
x 0 sin 2 4 x
sin 2 2 x
= Lim
x0 sin 2 2(2 x)
sin 2 2 x
= Lim [sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x]
4 sin 2 2 x cos 2 2 x
x0
1
=
4 cos 2 2x
Taking limit we have
1 1
=
4 cos 2 0 4
1
Hence, the required answer is .
4
1 cos 2 x
Q17. Evaluate: Lim
x0 x2
1 cos 2 x
Sol. Given that Lim
x0 x2
2 sin 2 x
= Lim [cos 2x = 1 – 2 sin2 x]
x0 x2
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Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
sin x
2
sin x
= Lim 2 =21=2 Lim 1
x0 x x 0 x
Hence, the required answer is 2.
2 sin x sin 2 x
Q18. Evaluate: Lim
x0 x3
2 sin x sin 2 x
Sol. Given that Lim
x0 x3
2 sin x 2 sin x cos x 2 sin x (1 cos x)
= Lim = Lim
x0 x 3 x 0 x3
2
2 sin x 1 cos x sin x 2 sin x/2
= Lim = Lim 2
x
x0 x x2 x0 x2
sin 2 x
sin x 2 1
= Lim 2 2
x0 x x2 4
4
2
x
sin x sin
2 1
= Lim 2 2 x
x 4
x 0
2
2
x
4 sin x sin 2
= Lim Lim
x0 4 x x 0 x
2 2
2 sin x
= 1 1 (1) = 1 Lim 1
x0 x
Hence, the required answer is 1.
1 cos mx
Q19. Evaluate: Lim
x 0 1 cos nx
cos mx
Sol. Given that Lim
x 0 1 cos nx
2 sin 2 m x
2
= Lim
x0 2 n
2 sin x
2
2
sin m x
2
= Lim n
x0
sin x
2
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Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
2
m
sin 2 x m
Lim x
x0 m 2 m2 2
x 1 x
2 4 sin x
= = Lim 1
n
2 n2 2 x0 x
sin x 1 x
2 n x 4
Lim
n
sin x 2
x0
2
m2
Hence, the required answer is .
n2
1 cos 6 x
Q20. Evaluate: Lim
2 x
x
3 3
1 cos 6 x
Sol. Given that Lim
2 x
x
3 3
2 sin 2 3 x
= Lim [ 1 – cos = 2 sin2 q/2]
2 x
x
3 3
2 sin 3 x 3 sin ( 3 x)
= Lim = Lim
x
3x x
3x
3 2 3
3 3 x 0
sin x
= 3 Lim 1
Hence, the required answer is 3. x0 x
sin x cos x
Q21. Evaluate: Lim
x
4 x
4
sin x cos x
Sol. Given that Lim
x
4 x
4
1 1
2 sin x cos x
2 2
= Lim
x
4 x
4
2 cos sin x sin cos x
4 4
= Lim
x
4 x
4
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Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
2 sin x
4
= Lim
x
4 x
x 0
4
4
2 1 = 2
Hence, the required answer is 2 .
3 sin x cos x
Q22. Lim
x
6 x
6
3 sin x cos x
Sol. Given that Lim
x
6 x
6
3 1
2 sin x cos x
= Lim 2 2
x
6 x
6
2 cos sin x sin cos x
6 6
= Lim
x
6 x
6
2 sin x
6 sin x
= Lim Lim 1
x
x0 x
6 x
x 0
6
6
= 2 1 = 2
Hence, the required answer is 2.
sin 2 x 3 x
Q23. Evaluate: Lim
x 0 2 x tan 3 x
sin 2 x 3 x sin 2 x 3 x
2 x 2x
2x 2x 2x
= Lim = Lim
x0 2 x tan 3 x x 0 2 x tan 3x
3 x 3x
3x 3x 3x
sin 2 x 3
Lim
sin x
2 x0 2x 2 2
= Lim 1
2 tan 3 x 3 x0 x
3 3Lim x0 3 x
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Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
1 + 3
2 2 tan x
= 3 Lim 1
2 x0 x
+ 1
3
5/2 2 3 2
= = 1
5/3 3 2 3
Hence, the required answer is 1.
sin x sin a
Q24. Evaluate: Lim
x a x a
sin x sin a
Sol. Given that: Lim
x a x a
sin x sin a x+ a
= Lim
x a x a x+ a
(sin x sin a) ( x + a )
= Lim
x a xa
x+a x a
2 cos sin ( x + a)
= Lim 2 2
x a xa
x a
x + a sin 2
= Lim 2 cos ( x + a)
x a
2 x a
xa
0
2
2 2
xa
sin
x + a
= Lim cos ( x + a) Lim 2 1
2 xa xa
x a
2
0
2
Taking limit we have
a + a
= cos ( a + a ) = cos a 2 a = 2 a cos a
2
Hence, the required answer is 2 a cos a.
cot 2 x 3
Q25. Evaluate: Lim
x cosec x 2
6
cot 2 x 3
Sol. Given that Lim
x
cosec x 2
6
cos ec 2 x 1 3 cosec 2 x 4
= Lim = Lim
cosec x 2 cosec x – 2
x x
6 6
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Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
(cosec x + 2) (cosec x 2)
= Lim = Lim (cosec x + 2)
x
(cosec x 2) x
6 6
Taking limit we have
= cosec + 2 = 2 + 2 = 4
6
Hence, the required answer is 4.
2 1 + cos x
Q26. Evaluate: Lim
x0 sin 2 x
2 1 + cos x
Sol. Given that Lim
x0 sin 2 x
2 1 + cos x 2 + 1 + cos x
= Lim 2
x0 sin x 2 + 1 + cos x
2 (1 + cos x)
= Lim
x0 sin 2 x 2 + 1 + cos x
1 cos x
= Lim
x0 sin 2 x 2 + 1 + cos x
2 sin 2 x /2 1
= Lim
x0 (2 sin x /2 cos x /2)2 2 + 1 + cos x
2 sin 2 x /2 1
= Lim
x 0 4 sin 2 x /2 cos 2 x /2 2 + 1 + cos x
2 1
= Lim
x0 2 x 2 + 1 + cos x
4 cos
2
Taking limit, we get
2 1 1 1 1
= =
4 cos 2 0 ( 2 + 2) 2 2 2 4 2
1
Hence, the required answer is .
4 2
sin x 2 sin 3 x + sin 5 x
Q27. Evaluate: Lim
x0 x
sin x 2 sin 3 x + sin 5 x
Sol. Given that: Lim x0 x
sin x 2 sin 3 x sin 5 x
= Lim +
x0 x x x
sin x sin 3 x sin 5 x
= Lim Lim 2 3 + Lim 5
x0 x 3 x0 3x 5 x0 5x
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Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
= 1 – 6 + 5 = 0
Hence, the required answer is 0.
x4 1 x3 k 3
Q28. If Lim Lim 2 , then find the value of k.
x 1 x 1 x k x k 2
x4 1 x3 k 3
Sol. Given that Lim Lim 2
x 1 x 1 x k x k 2
( x k ) ( x 2 k 2 kx)
4(1)4–1
= Lim
x k ( x – k) ( x k)
x 2 k 2 kx k2 + k2 + k2
4 = Lim 4=
x k xk 2k
3k 2 3 8
4= 4= k k
2k 2 3
8
Hence, the required value of k is .
3
Differentiate each of the following functions from Exercise 29 to 42.
x4 x3 x2 1
Q29.
x
d x4 x3 x2 1 d 3 1
Sol.
2
x x x
dx x dx x
2 1
= 3x 2 x 1 2
x
1
Hence, the required answer is 3 x 2 2 x 1 2 .
x
1 3
Q30. x
x
3
d 1 d 3 1 3
Sol. x x 3 3x
dx x dx x x
d 3
= ( x x 3 3 x 3 x 1 ) = 3x2 – 3x–4 + 3 – 3 x–2
dx
3 3
= 3 x 2 4 3 2
x x
3 3
Hence, the required answer is 3 x 2 4 3 2 .
x x
Q31. (3x + 5) (1 + tan x)
Sol. d (3 x 5) (1 tan x)
dx
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Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
d d
= (3 x 5) (1 tan x) (1 tan x) (3 x 5)
dx dx
= (3x + 5) (sec2x) + (1 + tan x) (3)
= 3x sec2 x + 5 sec2 x + 3 + 3 tan x [using product rule]
Hence, the required answer is 3x sec2 x + 5 sec 2 x + 3 tan x + 3
Q32. (sec x – 1) (sec x + 1)
d
Sol. (sec x 1) (sec x 1)
dx d d
= (sec x 1) (sec x 1) (sec x 1) (sec x 1)
dx dx
[using product rule]
= (sec x – 1) (sec x tan x) + (sec x + 1) (sec x tan x)
= sec x tan x (sec x – 1 + sec x + 1)
= sec x tan x 2 sec x = 2 sec2 x tan x
Hence, the required answer is 2 tan x sec2 x.
3x 4
Q33. 2
5x 7 x 9
d 3x 4
Sol.
dx 5 x 2 7 x 9
d d
(5 x 2 7 x 9) (3 x 4) (3 x 4) (5x 2 7 x 9)
dx dx
=
(5 x 2 7 x 9)2
[Using quotient rule]
(5 x 2 7 x 9) (3) (3 x 4) (10 x 7)
=
(5 x 2 7 x 9)2
15 x 2 21x 27 30 x 2 21x 40 x 28
=
(5 x 2 7 x 9)2
2
15 x 40 x 55 55 40 x 15 x 2
= =
(5 x 2 7 x 9)2 (5 x 2 7 x 9)2
55 40 x 15 x 2
Hence, the required answer is
(5 x 2 7 x 9)2
5
x cos x
Q34.
sin x
d 5 d
5 sin x ( x cos x) ( x 5 cos x) (sin x)
d x cos x dx dx
Sol. =
dx sin x sin 2 x
[Using quotient rule]
4 5
sin x (5 x sin x) ( x cos x) (cos x)
=
sin 2 x
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Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
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Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
d d
(c + d cos x) ( a + b sin x) ( a + b sin x) (c + d cos x)
= dx dx
(c + d cos x)2
[Using quotient rule]
(c + d cos x) (b cos x) ( a + b sin x) ( d sin x)
=
(c + d cos x)2
cb cos x + bd cos 2 x + ad sin x + bd sin 2 x
=
(c + d cos x)2
cb cos x + ad sin x + bd (cos 2 x + sin 2 x)
=
(c + d cos x)2
cb cos x + ad sin x + bd
=
(c + d cos x)2
Q38. (sin x + cos x)2
d d
Sol. (sin x + cos x)2 (sin x + cos x) (sin x + cos x)
dx dx
d
= (sin x + cos x) (sin x + cos x)
dx
d
+ (sin x + cos x) (sin x + cos x)
dx
= 2(sin x + cos x) d (sin x + cos x)
dx
= 2(sin x + cos x) (cos x sin x) = 2(cos2 x – sin2 x) = 2 cos 2x
Hence, the required answer is 2 cos 2x.
Q39. (2x – 7)2 (3x + 5)3
d
Sol. (2 x 7)2 (3 x + 5)3
dx
d d
= (2 x 7)2 (3 x + 5)3 + (3x + 5)3 (2 x 7)2
dx dx
[Using product Rule]
= (2x – 7)2 3(3x + 5)2 3 + (3x + 5)3 2(2x – 7) . 2
= 9(2x – 7)2 (3x + 5)2 + 4(3x + 5)3 (2x – 7)
= (2x – 7) (3x + 5)2 [9(2x – 7) + 4(3x + 5)]
= (2x – 7) (3x + 5)2 (18x – 63 + 12x + 20)
= (2x – 7) (3x + 5)2 (30x – 43)
Hence, the required answer is (2x – 7) (30x – 43) (3x + 5)2
Q40. x2 sin x + cos 2x
d 2 d 2 d
Sol. ( x sin x + cos 2 x) ( x sin x) + (cos 2 x)
dx dx dx
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Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
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Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
x 2 + Dx 2 + 2 x Dx + x 2 + 2
2 sin
2
2 2 2
x + Dx + 2 x Dx x
sin
= Lim 2
Dx 0 Dx
Dx 2 ( Dx + 2 x)
2 sin x 2 + + x Dx + 1 sin Dx
= Lim 2 2
Dx 0 Dx
Dx 2
2 sin x 2 + + x Dx + 1
2
( Dx + 2 x)
sin Dx
2 Dx + 2 x
= Lim
Dx 0 Dx + 2 x 2
Dx
2
( Dx + 2 x)
2 Dx 2 sin Dx 2
= Lim 2 sin x + + xDx + 1
Dx 0 2 Dx + 2 x
Dx + 2 x
Dx 0
Dx
2
2
Dx + 2 x
2
Taking limit, we have
sin x
= – 2 sin (x2 + 1) 1 (x) = – 2x sin (x2 + 1) Lim 1
x0 x
Hence, the required answer is – 2x sin (x2 + 1).
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Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
ax + b
Q44.
cx + d
ax + b
Sol. Let f (x) = (i)
cx + d
a ( x + Dx) + b
f (x + Dx) = (ii)
c ( x + Dx) + d
Subtracting eq. (i) from eq. (ii) we get
a ( x + Dx) + b ax + b
f (x + Dx) – f (x) =
c ( x + Dx) + d cx + d
Dividing both sides by Dx and take the limit, we get
a( x + Dx) + b ax + b
f ( x + Dx) f ( x) c( x + Dx) + d cx + d
Lim = Lim
Dx 0 Dx Dx 0 Dx
( ax + aDx + b) (cx + d) ( ax + b) (cx + c Dx + d)
f (x) = Lim
Dx 0 [c( x + Dx) + d] (cx + d) Dx
[Using definition of differentiation]
acx 2 + ac Dx x + bcx + adx + adDx + bd
acx 2 ac Dx x adx bcx bc Dx bd
= DLim
x0 (cx + c Dx + d) (cx + d) Dx
( ad bc ) Dx
= Lim
Dx 0 ( cx + c Dx + d) ( cx + d) Dx
( ad bc )
= DLim
x 0 ( cx + c Dx + d) ( cx + d)
Taking limit, we have
( ad bc ) ad bc
=
(cx + d) (cx + d) (cx + d)2
ad bc
Hence, the required answer is .
(cx + d)2
2/3
Q45. x
Sol. Let f (x) = x2/3 (i)
2/3
f (x + Dx) = (x + Dx) (ii)
Subtracting eq. (i) from (ii) we get
f (x + Dx) – f (x) = (x + Dx)2/3 – x2/3
Dividing both sides by Dx and take the limit.
f ( x + Dx) f ( x) ( x + Dx)2/ 3 x 2/ 3
Lim = Lim
Dx 0 Dx Dx 0 Dx
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Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
2/ 3
Dx
x 2/ 3 1 + x 2/ 3
x
f (x) = Lim
Dx 0 Dx
[By definition of differentiation]
Dx 2/ 3
x 2/ 3 1 + 1
x
= Lim
Dx 0 Dx
2 Dx
x 2/ 3 1 + + 1
3 x
= Lim
Dx 0 Dx
[Expanding by Binomial theorem and rejecting the higher
powers of Dx as Dx 0]
2 Dx
x 2/ 3
= Lim 3 x 2 x 2/ 3 1 2 x 1/ 3
Dx 0 Dx 3 3
2 1/ 3
Hence, the required answer is x .
3
Q46. x cos x
Sol. Let y = x cos x (i)
y + Dy = (x + Dx) cos (x + Dx) (ii)
Subtracting eq. (i) from eq. (ii) we get
y + Dy – y = (x + Dx) cos (x + Dx) – x cos x
Dy = x cos (x + Dx) + Dx cos (x + Dx) – x cos x
Dividing both sides by Dx and take the limits,
Dy x cos ( x + Dx) x cos x + Dx cos ( x + Dx)
Lim = Lim
Dx 0 Dx Dx 0 Dx
dy x[cos ( x + Dx) cos x] Dx cos ( x + Dx)
= DLim + Lim
dx x 0 Dx Dx 0 Dx
Dy dy
By definition DLim x 0 Dx
dx
( x + Dx + x) ( x + Dx x)
x 2 sin sin
2 2
= Lim
Dx 0 Dx
+ Lim cos ( x + Dx)
Dx 0
Dx Dx
x 2 sin x + sin
2 2
= Lim + Lim cos ( x + Dx)
Dx 0 Dx Dx 0
Dx 2
2
0 2
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Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
Dx
\ 0 Taking the limits, we have
2
Dx
sin
= x[– sin x] + cos x 2
DLimx D x
1
0
= – x sin x + cos x 2
2
Hence, the required answer is – x sin x + cos x
Evaluate each of the following limits in Exercise 47 to 53.
( x + y ) sec ( x + y) x sec x
Q47. Lim
y0 y
( x + y ) sec ( x + y) x sec x
Sol. Lim
y0 y
x sec ( x + y) + y sec ( x + y) x sec x
= Lim
y0 y
[ x sec ( x + y) x sec x] y sec ( x + y)
= Lim + Lim
y0 y y0 y
x [sec ( x + y ) sec x]
= Lim + Lim sec ( x + y)
y0 y y0
1 1
x
cos ( x + y ) cos x
= Lim + Lim sec ( x + y)
y0 y y0
cos x cos ( x + y )
= Lim x + Lim sec ( x + y)
y0
y cos ( x + y ) cos x y0
x + x + y
2 sin 2
x
x x y
sin 2
+ Lim sec ( x + y )
= Lim
y0 y cos ( x + y ) cos x y0
y y
x 2 sin x + sin
2 2
= + Lim sec ( x + y )
cos ( x + y ) cos x y y0
y y
2 sin x + sin
2 2
= Lim x + Lim sec ( x + y)
y0 y y0
0
y cos ( x + y) cos x 2
2 2
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Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
Taking the limits we have
1
= x sin x + sec x
cos x cos x
= x sec x tan x + sec x = sec x (x tan x + 1)
Hence, the required answer is sec x (x tan x + 1)
(sin ( + )x + sin ( )x + sin 2 x)
Q48. Lim x
x0 cos 2x cos 2x
[sin ( + )x + sin ( )x + sin 2 x]
Sol. Given, Lim x
x0 cos 2x cos 2x
[2 sin x cos x + sin 2 x] x
= Lim
x0 2 sin ( + )x sin ( ) x
C+D CD
sin C + sin D = 2 sin 2 cos 2
C+ D C D
cos C cos D = 2 sin sin
2 2
[2 sin x cos x + 2 sin x cos x] x
= Lim
x0 2 sin ( + )x sin ( )x
2 sin x (cos x + cos x) x
= Lim
x0 2 sin ( + )x sin( )x
+
sin x 2 cos x cos x x
2 2
= Lim
x0 sin ( + )x sin ( )x
+
sin x 2 cos x cos x x
2 2
= Lim
x0 + +
2 sin x cos x
2 2
2 sin x cos x
2 2
C+D CD
cos C + cos D 2 cos 2 cos 2
and sin 2 x 2 sin x cos x
sin x x
= Lim
x0 +
2 sin x sin x
2 2
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Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
sin x
(x) x
1 x
= Lim
x0 2 +
sin 2 x + sin 2 x ( )
x x
+ x 2 2
x
2 2
1 x 2
=
2 +
x x
2 2
1
=
2 +
2 2
1 4 2
=
2 2 2 2 2
2
Hence, the required answer is
2
2
tan 3 x tan x
Q49. Lim
cos x +
x
4 4
tan 3 x tan x
Sol. Given, Lim
cos x +
x
4 4
tan x (tan 2 x 1) (1 tan 2 x)
= Lim = Lim tan x Lim
cos x +
x cos x +
x x
4 4
4 4 4
(1 tan x) (1 + tan x)
= 1 Lim
x
4cos x +
4
1 tan x
= Lim (1 + tan x) Lim
4 cos x +
x x
4
4
(cos x sin x)
= (1 + 1) Lim
x
4 cos x cos x +
4
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Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
1 1
2 cos x sin x
2 2
= 2 Lim
x
4 cos x cos x +
4
cos 4 cos x sin 4 sin x
= 2 2 Lim
x
4 cos x cos x +
4
2 2 cos x +
4 2 2
= Lim = (Taking limit)
x +
x
4 cos x cos cos
4 4
2 2
= 2 2 4
1
2
Hence, the required answer is – 4.
x
1 sin
Q50. Lim 2
x x x
cos cos sin
x
2 4 4
x
1 sin
2
Sol. Given, Lim
x x x x
cos cos sin
2 4 4
x x x x
cos 2 + sin 2 2 sin cos
= Lim 4 4 4 4
x x x x x
cos 2 sin 2 cos sin
4 4 4 4
[ cos 2q = cos2 q – sin2 q]
2
x x
cos sin
= Lim 4 4
x x x x x x x
cos sin cos + sin cos sin
4 4 4 4 4 4
1
= Lim
x x x
cos + sin
4 4
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Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
Taking limits we have
1 1 1 1
=
1 1 2 2
cos + sin +
4 4 2 2 2
1
Hence, the required answer is .
2
x4
Q51. Show that Lim does not exist.
x 4 x 4
x4
Sol. Given Lim
x 4x4
( x 4)
LHL = Lim 1 [ x 4 ( x 4) if x 4]
x 4 x4
x4
RHL = Lim+ =1 [ x 4 ( x 4) if x 4]
x 4 x 4
Since LHL RHL
Hence, the limit does not exist.
k cos x
, when x
2x 2
Q52. If f (x) =
3, x and if f ( x) f
2 2
Find the value of k.
k cos x
, x
– 2x 2
Sol. Given, f (x) =
3, x
2
k cos h
k cos x 2
LHL f(x) = Lim– = Lim
2x h0
x 2 h
2 2
k sin h k sin h
= Lim = Lim
h0 + 2 h h0 2h
k k sin h
= 1 = Lim
h0 h
1
2 2
k cos + h
k cos x 2
RHL f(x) = Lim Lim
= h0
2x
+
x 2 + h
2 2
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Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
k sin h
= Lim
2h
h0
k sin h k sin h
= Lim
h0 2h
2 Lim
h0 h
1
we are given that Lim f ( x) 3
x
2
k
So, 3 k6
2
Hence, the required answer is 6.
x + 2, x 1
Q53. If f(x) = 2 then find c when Lim f ( x) exists.
cx , x 1 x 1
x + 2, x 1
Sol. Given, f(x) = 2
cx , x 1
LHL = Lim– f ( x) = Lim ( x + 2)
x 1 x 1
= Lim ( 1 h + 2) Lim (1 h) = 1
h0 h0
sin x
= – 1 Lim 1 and x 0 x
x0 x
Hence, the correct option is (c).
x 2 cos x
Q55. Lim is equal to
x 0 1 cos x
(a) 2 (b) 3/2 (c) – 3/2 (d) 1
x 2 cos x x 2 cos x x
Sol. Given Lim = Lim 1 cos x 2 sin 2
x0 1 cos x x0 x 2
2 sin 2
2
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Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
2
x2 x
4 cos x 2 cos x
4 Lim 2
= Lim x =
x0 x x
2 sin 2 x0 0
2 sin 2
2 2
2
x
= Lim 2 2 cos x
x
0 sin
x
2 2
x
= 2 cos 0 = 2 1 = 2 Lim 1
x0 sin x
Hence, the correct option is (a).
(1 + x)n 1
Q56. Lim is equal to
x0 x
(a) n (b) 1 (c) – n (d) 0
n n n
(1 + x) 1 (1 + x) (1)
Sol. Given Lim Lim
x0 x x 0 (1 + x) (1)
n
(1 + x) (1) n x n an
= Lim n(1)n 1 n Lim nan 1
1 + x 1 (1 + x) (1)
x a x a
Hence, the correct option is (a).
xm 1
Q57. Lim n is equal to
x 1 x 1
(a) 1 (b) m/n (c) – m/n (d) m2/n2
x m (1)m
m
x 1 x1
Sol. Given Lim Lim
x 1 xn 1 x 1 xn (1)n
x1
m(1)m 1 m x n an
= Lim nan 1
n(1) n 1 n x a
xa
Hence, the correct option is (b).
1 cos 4
Q58. Lim is equal to
0 1 cos 6
(a) 4/9 (b) 1/2 (c) – 1/2 (d) –1
1 cos 4 2 sin 2 2
Sol. Given Lim Lim
0 1 cos 6 0 2 sin 2 3
2
1 cos 2 sin 2
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Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
2
sin 2 2 sin 2
= Lim Lim
0 sin 2 3 0 sin 3
2
sin 2
2 2 2 2
= Lim = 2 2 4
0 sin 3
2 0 3 3 3 9
3 0 3
Hence, the correct option is (a).
cosec x cot x
Q59. Lim is equal to
x0 x
1 1
(a) (b) 1 (c) (d) – 1
2 2
1 cos x
cosec x cot x sin x sin x
Sol. Given Lim Lim
x0 x x0 x
2 x
1 cos x 2 sin
2
= Lim
x x
x 0 x sin x
x 2 sin cos
2 2
sin 2 x 2 sin x cos x
x x x
sin tan tan
2 2 Lim 2
= Lim Lim
x = x0 x x
x0 x0
x cos 2
2 2
1 1 tan x
= 1 Lim 1
2 2 x0 x
Hence, the correct option is (c).
sin x
Q60. Lim is
x0 x +1 1 x
(a) 2 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) – 1
sin x
Sol. Given Lim
x0 x +1 1 x
sin x x + 1 + 1 x
= Lim
x0 ( x + 1 1 x) ( x + 1 + 1 x)
sin x x + 1 + 1 x
= Lim
x0 x +11+ x
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Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
sin x x + 1 + 1 x 1 sin x
= Lim = Lim [ x +1 + 1 x]
x0 2x 2 x0 x
Taking limit, we get
1 1
= 1 0 + 1 + 1 0 1 2 1
2 2
Hence, the correct option is (c).
sec 2 x 2
Q61. Lim is equal to
tan x 1
x
4
(a) 3 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) 2
2
sec x 2 1 + tan 2 x 2
Sol. Given, Lim Lim
tan x 1 tan x 1
x x
4 4
tan 2 x 1 (tan x + 1) (tan x 1)
= Lim tan x 1
= Lim
x x
(tan x 1)
4 4
= Lim (tan x + 1) tan +11+12
x
4
4
Hence, the correct option is ( ).
( x 1) (2 x 3)
Q62. Lim
x 1 2x2 + x 3
1 1
(a) (b)
10 10
(c) 1 (d) None of these
( x 1) (2 x 3)
Sol. Given Lim 2
x 1 2 x + 3 x 2 x 3
( x 1) (2 x 3) ( x 1) (2 x 3)
= Lim = Lim
x 1 x (2 x + 3) 1(2 x + 3) x 1 ( x 1) (2 x + 3)
( x 1) ( x + 1) (2 x 3) ( x 1) (2 x 3)
= Lim = Lim
x 1 ( x 1) ( x + 1) (2 x + 3) x 1 ( x 1) ( x + 1) (2 x + 3)
2x 3
= Lim
x 1 ( x + 1) (2 x + 3)
Taking limit we have
2(1) 3 1 1
=
( 1 + 1) (2 1 + 3) 2 5 10
Hence, the correct option is (b).
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Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
sin [ x]
, [ x] 0
Q63. If f(x) = [ x] where [] denotes the greatest
0, [ x] 0
integer function. Then Lim f ( x)
x0
(a) 1 (b) 0
(c) – 1 (d) None of these
sin [ x]
, [ x] 0
Sol. Given, f(x) = [ x]
0, [ x] 0
sin [ x] sin [0 h] sin [ h]
LHL = Lim = Lim = Lim 1
x0 [ x] h 0 [0 h ] h 0 [ h]
sin [ x] sin [0 + h] sin [h]
RHL = Lim+ = Lim = Lim 1
x0 [ x] h 0 [0 + h ] h 0 [ h]
LHL RHL
So, the limit does not exist.
Hence, the correct option is (d).
sin x
Q64. Lim is equal to
x0 x
(a) 1 (b) – 1
(c) Does not exist (d) None of these.
sin x
Sol. Given Lim
x0 x
sin x sin x
LHL = Lim =–1 Lim 1
x0 x x0 x
sin x
RHL = Lim+ =1
x0 x
LHL RHL, so the limit does not exist.
Hence, the correct option is (c).
2
x 1, 0 x 2
Q65. If f (x) = , then the quadratic equation
2 x + 3, 2 x 3
whose roots are Lim f ( x) and Lim+ f ( x) is
x 2 x 2
(a) x2 – 6x + 9 = 0 (b) x2 – 7x + 8 = 0
2
(c) x – 14x + 49 = 0 (d) x2 – 10x + 21 = 0
2
x 1, 0 x 2
Sol. Given f(x) =
2 x + 3, 2 x 3
Lim f ( x) = Lim ( x 2 1)
x 2
x 2
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Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
= Lim ( h 2 4 h 3)
3
h0
and Lim f ( x) = Lim (2 x 3) = Lim [2 (2 h) 3]
7
x 2
x 2 h0
Therefore, the quadratic equation whose roots are 3 and 7 is
x2 – (3 + 7)x + 3 7 = 0 i.e., x2 – 10x + 21 = 0. Hence, the correct
option is (d).
tan 2 x x
Q66. Lim is equal to
x 0 3 x sin x
1 1
(a) 2 (b) (c) 1 (d)
2 2 4
tan 2 x
x 1
tan 2 x x x
Sol. Given Lim Lim
x 0 3 x sin x x 0 sin x
x 3
tan 2 x x
21
Lim 2x 1.2 1 2 1 1
=
x0 sin x 31 2 2
2 x0 3
x
2x 0
Hence, the correct option is (b).
1
Q67. If f(x) = x – [x], R then f is equal to
2
3
(a) (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) – 1
2
Sol. Given f(x) = x – [x]
we have to first check for differentiability of f (x) at x = 1/2
1 1
f h f
1 2 2
Lf = LHD = Lim
2 h0 h
1 1 1 1
h h
2 2 2 2
= Lim
h0 h
1 1
h 0 0 h
2 2
= Lim 1
h0 h h
1 1
f h f
1
2 2
Rf = RHD = Lim
2 h0 h
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Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
1 + h 1 + h 1 + 1
2 2 2 2
= Lim
h0 h
1 1
+h 1 +1
2 2 h
= Lim 1
h0 h h
Since LHD = RHD
1
f =1
2
Hence, the correct option is (b).
1
Q68. If y x + , then dy at x 1 is equal to
x dx
1 1
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d) 0
2 2
1
Sol. Given that y= x+
x
dy 1 1
= 3/2
dx 2 x 2x
dy 1 1
= 0
dx at x 1 2 2
Hence, the correct option is (d).
x4
Q69. If f (x) = , then f (1) is equal to
2 x
5 4
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) 0
4 5
x4
Sol. Given that f (x) =
2 x
x 1 ( x 4) 1
1 2 x
f (x) =
2 x
1 2x x + 4 1 x+4
= =
2 2 x x 2 2( x)3/ 2
1 1 + 4 5
f (x) at x = 1 =
2 2 1 4
Hence, the correct option is (a).
1
1+ 2
x dy
Q70. If y 1
then is equal to
1 2 dx
x
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Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
4x 4x
(a) (b)
2
( x 1) 2 x2 1
1 x2 4x
(c) (d) 2
4x x 1
1
1+ 2
Sol. Given y = x2 y x + 1
1 x2 1
1 2
x
dy ( x 2 1) 2 x ( x 2 + 1) 2 x
=
dx ( x 2 1)2
2 x ( x 1 x 2 – 1)
2 2 x ( 2) 4x
= = 2 2
2
2
( x 1) 2
( x 1) ( x 1)2
Hence, the correct option is (a).
sin x + cos x dy
Q71. If y , then at x = 0 is equal to
sin x cos x dx
(a) – 2 (b) 0
(c) 1/2 (d) Does not exist
sin x + cos x
Sol. Given y =
sin x cos x
(sin x cos x) (cos x sin x)
dy (sin x + cos x) (cos x + sin x)
=
dx (sin x cos x)2
(sin x cos x)2 (sin x + cos x)2
=
(sin x cos x)2
[sin 2 x + cos 2 x 2 sin x cos x
+ sin 2 x + cos 2 x + 2 sin x cos x]
=
(sin x cos x)2
2
=
(sin x cos x)2
dy 2 2
= 2
2
dx at x 0 (sin 0 cos 0) ( 1)2
Hence, the correct option is (a).
sin ( x + 9) dy
Q72. If y = , then at x 0 is equal to
cos x dx
(a) cos 9 (b) sin 9 (c) 0 (d) 1
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Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
sin ( x + 9)
Sol. Given y=
cos x
dy cos x cos ( x + 9) sin ( x + 9) ( sin x)
=
dx cos 2 x
cos x cos ( x + 9) + sin x sin ( x + 9)
=
cos 2 x
cos ( x + 9 x) cos 9
=
cos 2 x cos 2 x
dy cos 9 cos 9
\ = cos 9
dx at x 0 cos 2 0 (1)2
Hence, the correct option is (a).
x2 x100
Q73. If f(x) = 1 + x + + + , then f (1) is equal to
2 100
1
(a) (b) 100
100
(c) does not exist (d) 0
2
x x100
Sol. Given f(x) = 1 + x + + +
2 100
2x 100 x99
f (x) = 1 + ++
2 100
f (1) = 1 + 1 + 1 + … + 1 (100 times) = 100
Hence, the correct option is (b).
x n an
Q74. If f ( x) for some constant, a, then f (a) is equal to
(a) 1 xa (b) 0
(c) does not exist (d) 1/2
n n
x a
Sol. Given f(x) =
xa
( x a) ( n x n 1 ) ( x n a n ) 1
f (x) =
( x a) 2
( a a) ( n a n 1 ) ( a n a n )
f (a) =
( a a) 2
0
So f (a) = = does not exist
0
Hence, the correct option is (c).
Q75. If f (x) = x100 + x99 … + x + 1, then f (1) is equal to
(a) 5050 (b) 5049 (c) 5051 (d) 50051
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Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
Sol. Given, f(x) = x + x + … + x + 1
100 99
tan ( x) tan ( x)
Sol. Given f(x) = Lim Lim 1
x x x 0 ( x)
Hence, the value of the filler is 1.
x
Q78. Lim sin mx cot 2 then m
x0 3
x
Sol. Given Lim sin mx cot 2
x0 3
sin mx x
= Lim mx Lim cot 2
x0 mx x0 3
mx 0
1
= 1 mx Lim 2
x0 x
tan
3
x
3
= Lim mx 2
x0 x x
tan
3 3
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Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
mx 2 2 3
= (1) 2 3m 2 m
x 3 3
3
2 3
Hence, the value of the filler is .
3
x x2 x3 dy
Q79. If y 1 , then
1! 2! 3! dx
2 3
x x x
Sol. Given that y 1
1! 2! 3!
dy 1 2 x 3x2
= 0
dx 1! 2! 3!
x x2 x3
= 1 = y
1! 2! 3!
Hence the value of the filler is y.
x
Q80. Lim
x 3 [ x]
x
Sol. Given Lim
x 3 [ x]
= Lim 1
[3
] 3
Hence, the value of the filler is 1.
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