LIMIT

SOLVED EXAMPLES
4  15x  1
Ex. 1 Evaluate : lim
x 1 2  3x  1

(4  15 x  1) (2  3 x  1) (4  15 x  1)
Sol. lim 4  1 5 x  1 = lim
x 1 x 1 (2  3 x  1) (4  15 x  1)(2  3 x  1)
2  3x  1

(15  15 x) 2  3 x  1 5
= lim
x 1 × =
(3  3 x) 4  15 x  1 2

Fx 3
1 I
Ex. 2 If lim
x  GH x 2
1
JK
 (ax  b)  2 , then find value of a and b.

Fx 3
1 I
GH x JK
3 2
Sol. lim  (ax  b)  2  lim x (1  a )  bx  ax  (1  b)
x  2 x  2
1 x2  1

a (1  b)
x (1  a )  b 
 lim x x 2  2  1 – a = 0, – b = 2  a = 1, b = –2
x 
1
1 2
x

xP 1  (P  1)x  P
Ex. 3 Evaluate : lim
x 1 (x  1)2

xP 1  (P  1)x  P 0 
Sol. lim  0 form 
x 1
(x  1)2

xP 1  Px  x  P x(x P  1)  P(x  1)
= lim = lim
x 1 (x  1)2 x 1 (x  1)2
Dividing numerator and denominator by (x –1), we get

x(x P  1)
P (x  x2  x 3  ....  x P )  P
 lim x  1 = lim
x 1 (x  1) x 1 (x  1)

(x  x2  x 3  ....  x P )  (1  1  1  .........upto P times)

= lim
x 1 (x  1 )

 (x  1) (x 2  1) (x 3  1) (x P  1) 
= lim     ......  
x 1
 (x  1) (x  1) (x  1) (x  1) 

P (P  1)
= 1 + 2(1)2–1 + 3(1)3–1 +.......+ P(1)P–1 = 1 + 2 + 3 + .......+ P =
2

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MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

 1 2(2 x  3 ) 
Ex. 4 Evaluate : lim   3
x2
 x  2 x  3 x2  2 x 

Sol. We have

 1 2(2 x  3 )   1 2 (2 x  3 )   x(x  1)  2 (2 x  3 ) 
lim   3 = lim  x  2  x(x  1)(x  2 )  = lim  
x2
 x  2 x  3 x2  2 x  x  2   x  2  x(x  1 )(x  2 ) 
 x2  5 x  6   (x  2 )(x  3 )   x3  1
= lim   = lim   = lim  =–
x  2  x(x  1)(x  2 )  x  2  x(x  1)(x  2 )  x  2  x(x  1)  2

FG  IJ sin FG  IJ .
Ex. 5 Evaluate lim x cos
x  H 4xK H 4xK
xF
Sol. lim
x 2 H
G 2 sin 4x cos 4x IJK  lim 2x sin FGH 2x IJK
x 

F I
sin G J
 lim
H 2 x K     lim sin y   , where y  
x   4 4 y 0 y 4 2x
2x

log 3
Ex. 6 Evaluate Lim(log 3 3 x) x
x 1

Sol. Lim(log 3 3 x)log x 3 = Lim(log 3 3  log 3 x)log x 3

x 1 x 1

= Lim(1  log 3 x)1 / log 3 x = e

x 1

1
 log b a 
log a b

x 3 cot x
Ex. 7 Evaluate : lim
x  0 1  cos x

x3 cos x x3 cos x 1  cos x  x3

Sol. lim  lim = lim .cosx(1 + cos x) = 2
x  0 sin x 1  cos x  x0 2
sin x. sin x x 0 sin 3 x

1
3
Ex. 8 Evaluate im  7  x )  2
x 1 x 1
Sol. Put x = 1 + h
1
3
im (8  h )  2
h0 2
h  1 1  h  
   1   
 1 h 3 3  8  
1 2 1  .   .......  1
 h 3  3 8 1 . 2 
2 . 1    2  
 8    1 1
= him
0 = im
h0 = him
0 2× =
h h 24 12

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 LIMIT

1 1 n
Ex. 9 Evalute lim 2
 2
 ...  .
x  1 n 2n n  n2
1 2 n
Sol. Pn = 2
 2
 ... 
1 n 2n n  n2
1 2 n
Now, Pn <   ... 
1  n2 1  n 2 1  n2
1
= (1 + 2 + 3 + .... + n)
1  n2
n(n  1)
=
2(1  n 2 )

1 2 3 n
Also, Pn >    ... 
n  n 2 n  n 2 n  n3 n  n2
n(n  1)
=
2(n  n 2 )

n(n  1) n(n  1)
Thus, < Pn <
2(n  n 2 ) 2(1  n 2 )

n(n  1) n(n  1)
or lim 2
 lim Pn  lim
n  2(n  n ) n  n  2(1  n 2 )

 1  1
1 1   1 1  
n n
or lim   lim Pn  lim 
n   1  n n   1 
2   1 2  2  1
n  n 

or 1 1
 lim Pn 
2 n  2
1
or lim Pn 
n  2

Fa b
Evalute lim G
x x
 cx I 1/ x

Ex. 10
H 3
x 0
JK
Fa b c I
lim G
x x x
1/ x
F a x
 bx  cx  3 I 1/ x

Sol. x 0H 3 JK  lim G1 

x 0 H 3 JK
a x 1 b x 1 cx 1
 3  3x
x x x
 (a x  1) (b x  1) (c x  1)  (a 1) (b 1) (c 1) 
 lim  1     
x0
 3 3 3  
 

 e1 / 3 lim
LM a  1  b  1  c  1 OP
x x x

MN x x PQ = e1/3 (log a + log b + log c)

x 0 x = elog (abc)1/3 = (abc)1/3

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MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

tan x
Ex. 11 Evaluate im  2  a  2a
.
x a  x


tan x
a 2a
Sol. im  2   put x=a+h
x a  x
 

tan    h 
 
 cot  h 
 
im cot h . 1 h  1
 
 2 2a 
im  1  h 
 h im  1  h 
 h
 2a 
= e h0 2a  a  h 
0 0  
 (a  h)   ah

 h  2a
 
im   2a  . 
h0  tan  a  h
 h 2
 2a  –
 e = e 

1  tan x
Ex. 12 Evaluate im
x
4
1  2 sin x

Sol. Put x= +h
4

 x
4
 h0

  1  tan h 2 tan h
1  tan   h  1
4  1  tan h 1  tan h
im = im = im
h 0    h 0 1  sin h  cos h h 0 h h h
1  2 sin   h  2 sin 2  2 sin cos
4  2 2 2

tanh
2 2
 2 tan h 1 h 1
= im = im = = 2.
h 0 h  h h  (1  tanh) h 0 h (1  tanh) 1
2 sin  sin  cos  sin
2  2 2 2  sin h  cos h
h  2 2 
2

cos 4x  a cos 2x  b
Ex. 13 If lim is finite, find a and b using expansion formula.
x 0 x4
cos 4x  a cos 2x  b
Sol. lim = Finite
x 0 x4
Using expansion formula for cos 4x and cos 2x, we get

 (4x) 2 (4x) 4   (2x) 2 (2x) 4 

1     a 1   b
 2! 4!   2! 4! 
lim = finite
x 0 x4

 32 2 
(1  a  b)  ( 8  2a)x 2    a  x 4  ...
or lim  3 3 
x 0 x4

20
 LIMIT

or 1+a+b=0 ....(i)
–8 – 2a = 0 ....(ii)
Solving (i) and (ii) for a and b, we get
a = –4 and b = 3
32 2 32  8
Also, L=  a 8
3 3 3

n p sin 2 (n!)
Ex. 14 Evaluate lim .
n  n 1

n p sin 2 (n!) sin 2 (n!)

Sol. lim = lim
n  n 1 n   1
n 1p 1  
 n

some number between 0 and 1

= 0



sin x 

 sin x  x sin x 
Ex. 15 Evalute lim 
x  0  x 

sin x sin x 1
Sol. Since lim  1 and lim  lim
x 0 x x  0 x  sin x x  0  x 
  1
 sin x 

1
= 
1 1


sin x 
  sin x  sin x 
lim  1
 x  sin x 
 sin x  x sin x  x 0  x  
we have, lim   e
x 0  x 

lim  sin x 1
x
= e x 0  e 1 
e

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MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

Exercise # 1 [Single Correct Choice Type Questions]

 x 1 x2
1. Lim x  tan 1  cot 1 is
x 
 x 2 x 
1 1
(A) – 1 (B) (C) – (D) non existent
2 2
cosec x
 3 
2. Limit   has the value equal to :

x0
1  4  x 
(A) e 1/12 (B) e 1/6 (C) e 1/4 (D) e 1/3

3. Limit
cot 1  x 1  x  is equal to
x
x 
 2x  1  
sec 1   
 x  1  
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) /2 (D) non existent

FG 1  1  ....... IJ is equal to -
4. Lim
n  H 1.3 3.5 to n terms
K
(A) 1/4 (B) 1/2 (C) 1 (D) 2

x2  1  3 x2  1
5. Lim is equal to -
x 4
x4  1  5 x4  1
(A) 1 (B) –1 (C) 0 (D) none of these

6. If Lim [f(x) + g(x)] = 2 and Lim [f(x) – g(x)] = 1, then Lim f(x) g(x) -
x a x a x a

3 3 4
(A) need not exist (B) exist and is (C) exists and is – (D) exists and is
4 4 3

1 – cos(ax 2 + bx + c)
7. Let  and  be the distinct roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 then Lim is equal to -
x  (x –  )2

1 a 2 a2
(A) (  )2 (B) (   )2 (C) 0 (D) (   )2
2 2 2

8. If Lim (x3 sin 3x + ax2 + b) exists and is equal to zero then :

x0

(A) a =  3 & b = 9/2 (B) a = 3 & b = 9/2 (C) a =  3 & b = 9/2 (D) a = 3 & b = 9/2

9. If ,  are the roots of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 then Lim


1  cos ax 2  bx  c  equals
2
x  (x   )

1   2 a2   2 a2   2
(A) 0 (B) (  ) (C) (  ) (D)  (  )
2 2 2

22
 LIMIT

x
 x 1
10. Let l = Lim   then {l}where {x}denotes the fractional part function is
x   x  1 

(A) 8 – e2 (B) 7 – e2 (C) e2 – 6 (D) e2 – 7

 x 
11. lim (1 – x) tan   is equal to -
x 1  2 
(A) 2/ (B)  (C)  (D) none of these
(tan({x} 1))sin{x}
12. The value of Lim where {x} denotes the fractional part function -
x 0 {x}({x} 1)
(A) is 1 (B) is tan 1 (C) is sin 1 (D) is not existent

13. 
Lim sin x  1  sin x is equal to -
x

(A) 1 (B) –1 (C) 0 (D) none of these

[1  tan x / 2][1  sin x]

14. lim is equal to -
x  / 2 [1  tan x / 2][   2x]3

(A) 0 (B) 1/32 (C)  (D) 1/8

2x
 a b
15. If Lim 1 + + 2  = e 2 , then the values of a and b are -
x   x x

(A) a  R, b = 2 (B) a = 1, b  R (C) a  R, b  R (D) a = 1 and b = 2

3
1  3x 1  x
16. Lim has the value equal to -
x 0 (1  x)101  1  101x

3 1 1 1
(A) – (B) – (C) (D)
5050 5050 5051 4950

3
ex  tan x  sin x  1
17. Lim exists and is non-zero, then the value of n is -
x 0 xn
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 0

 
 (1  cos x)  (1  cos x)  (1  cos x)  .........   1
18. Lim   equals
x 0 x2
1
(A) 0 (B) (C) 1 (D) 2
2
19. Lim
x  3 (x  a ) (x  b) (x  c)  x = 
abc
(A) abc (B) (C) abc (D) (abc)1/3
3
n
r
20. Lim  2
equals
r 1 n  n  r
n 

(A) 0 (B) 1/3 (C) 1/2 (D) 1

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MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

21. Lim
n 
 n 2  n  1   n 2  n  1 
   (n  I) where [ ] denotes the greatest integer function is
(A) 0 (B) 1/2 (C) 2/3 (D) 1/4
1 1
22. im sin x  tan x is equal to
x 0 3
x
1
(A) 0 (B) (C) 1 (D) none of these
2
1
23. 
If  and  be the roots of equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0, then im 1  ax 2  bx  c x   is equal to
x 

a (   ) a|  |
(A) a () (B) n |a (| (C) e (D) e

 
24.  im  1  e
x0 
x
  sinx x  , where [] represents greatest integer function, is equal to

(A) – 1 (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) does not exist
 1 1 1 1 
25. im     .............   is equal to
n  n 2 n2 1 n2  2 n 2  2n 
1
(A) 1 (B) (C) 0 (D) 2
2
 ay  b y  

im  im
exp x  n 1  x  

 exp  x  n  
1  x   
  
26. y0  x  
is equal to
y 
 
 
(A) a + b (B) a  b (C) b  a (D)  (a + b)

 1  1 
 x sin    sin  2  , x  0
27. Let f (x) =  x x  , then im f(x) is equal to
 0 , x  0
x 

1
(A) 0 (B)  (C) 1 (D) none of these.
2
x3
28. If im = 1, then constants ‘a’ and ‘b’ are (where a > 0)
x 0 a  x (bx  sin x)
(A) b = 1, a = 36 (B) a = 1, b = 6 (C) a = 1, b = 36 (D) b = 1, a = 6

x 
29. im sec–1   is equal to
x  x 1 

(A) 0 (B)  (C) (D) does not exist
2
cosec 2 bx
30. The value of Lim (cos ax) is -
x 0

 8 b2   8 a2   a2   b2 
(A)  2 
(B)  2 
(C)  2  (D)  2 
 a   b   2b   2a 
e e e e

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 LIMIT

Exercise # 2 Part # I [Multiple Correct Choice Type Questions]

1
2x 2n sin x
1. Let f (x) = Lim x then which of the following alternative(S) is/are correct?
2n
n  1 x
(A) Lim x f (x) = 2 (B) Lim f (x) does not exist.
x  x 1

(C) Lim f (x) does not exist. (D) Lim f (x) is equal to zero.
x 0 x 

x
 x 1
2. If  = lim   , then {} and [] (where {.} & [.] denotes the fractional part function & greatest integer function
x  x  1
 
respectively), is/are -
(A) 7 (B) 7 – e2 (C) – 7 (D) e2 – 7

sin 2x  a sinx
3. If im = p (finite), then
x 0 x3
(A) a = – 2 (B) a = – 1 (C) p = – 2 (D) p = – 1

1
cot 1  
4. For lim x
x 0 x
(A) R.H.L exists
(B) L.H.L does not exists
(C) limit does not exists as R.H.L is 1 and L.H.L is –1
(D) limit does not exists as R.H.L and L.H.L both are non-existent.

| x  |
5. Let f(x) = , then
sinx
(A) f(–) =  1 (B) f(–) = 1
(C) im f(x) does not exist (D) im f(x) does not exist
x   x

6. The graph of the function y = ƒ (x) is shown in the adjacent figure,

y
then correct statement is - 2
1
(A) xlim ƒ(x)  1
 (B) lim ƒ(x)  2
0 x 1
–1 0 1 2 3 4 x

(C) lim ƒ(x) does not exist. (D) lim ƒ(x)  0

x 3 x4

2
7.
x 0

If im 1  ax  bx 2  x
= e3, then possible values of a and b is/are :

3 1 3 3 3
(A) a = 3, b = 0 (B) a = ,b= (C) a = ,b= (D) a = ,b=0
2 2 2 2 2

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MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

8. Which of the following limits is/are unity ?

sin(  x) tan(sin x) x2  x tan(x)

(A) Lim (B) Lim (C) Lim 2 (D) Lim
x  (  x) x 0 tan x x  x x x 1 (x  1)

2    2 f ( )  2  2   1
9. Assume that Lim f () exists and  2  holds for certain interval containing the point
1 3  3

 = – 1 then Lim f ()

1

(A) is equal to f (–1) (B) is equal to 1 (C) is non existent (D) is equal to – 1

10. Which of the following limits vanishes ?

1 1
(A) Lim x 4 sin Lim (1  sin x). tan x
(B) x 
x  x /2

2 x2  3 [x]2  9
(C) Lim . sgn(x) (D) Lim
x  x2  x  5 x3 x2  9

where [ ] denotes greatest integer function

11. Lim f(x) does not exist when -

x c

(A) f(x) = [[x]] – [2x–1], c = 3 (B) f(x) = [x] – x, c = 1

tan(sgn x)
(C) f(x) = {x}2 – {–x}2, c = 0 (D) f(x) = ,c=0
sgn x

where [x] denotes step up function & {x} fractional part function.

a cot x  a cos x
12. For a > 0, let   Lim
x
 cot x  cos x
and m  Lim
x 
 x2  ax  x2  ax then - 
2

(A) ‘’ is always greater than ‘m’ for all values of a >0
(B) ‘’ is always greater than ‘m’ only when a 1
(C) ‘’ is always greater than ‘m’ for all values of ‘a’ satisfying a > e–a
(D) e+ m = 0

13. Which of the following limits is/are unity ?

sin(tan t) sin(cos x)
(A) Lim (B) Lim
t 0 sin t x  / 2 cos x

1x  1x x2
(C) Lim (D) Lim
x 0 x x0 x

26
 LIMIT

 sin[x]
 , [x]  0
14. If f(x) =  [x] where [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x, then
0 , [x]  0


(A) lim f ( x)  sin1 (B) lim f ( x)  0

x0 x0

(C) limit does not exist at x = 0 (D) limit exist at x = 0

x.2 x  x  n2 
15. Let f(x) = & g(x) = 2x sin  x  then -
1  cos x 2

(A) lim f(x) = n 2 (B) lim g(x) = n 4 (C) lim f(x) = n 4 (D) lim g(x) = n 2
x 0 x  x 0 x 

16. Which of the following limits vanishes ?

x3
1 1   3x 2  1 1 x
(A) Lim   (B) Lim  2 
x 0  x tan x  x  2x  1
 

tan 2x
   x 4  2 x2  1
(C) Lim  tan  x    (D) Lim
x

 8   x 1 x3  1
4

x3  Cx2  5 x  12
17. If lim =  (finite real number) then -
x 3 x2  7 x  12
(A)  = 4 (B) C = –6 (C) C = 4 (D) C R
x
ax  1 
18. Consider the function f(x) =   where a, b > 0 then Lim f(x) -
 bx  2  x 

(A) exists for all values of a and b (B) is zero for a < b
1 1
   
 a  b
(C) is non existent for a > b (D) is e or e if a = b

19. Identify the true statement(S) -

n 1
(A) Lim   r  = 1, where [.] denotes the greatest integer function.
n  r 1 2 

(B) If f(x) = (x – 1) {x}, then limit of f(x) does not exist at all integers.

 tan x 
(C) Lim  x  =1, where [.] denotes the greatest integer function.
x0

 tan x 
(D)  lim  = 1, where [.] denotes the greatest integer function.
x0 x 


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MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

Part # II [Assertion & Reason Type Questions]

These questions contains, Statement I (assertion) and Statement II (reason).

(A) Statement-I is true, Statement-II is true ; Statement-II is correct explanation for Statement-I.
(B) Statement-I is true, Statement-II is true ; Statement-II is NOT a correct explanation for statement-I.
(C) Statement-I is true, Statement-II is false.
(D) Statement-I is false, Statement-II is true.

1. Statement - I If lim f(x) and lim g(x) exists finitely, then lim f(x).g(x) exists finitely..
x 0 x 0 x 0

Statement - II If lim f(x).g(x) exists finitely then lim f(x).g(x) = lim f(x). lim g(x)
x 0 x 0 x 0 x 0

x n  nx n 1  1
2. Statement - I lim  0, n  I (where [.] represents greatest integer function).
x  [x n ]
Statement - II x –1 < [x]  x, (where [.] represents greatest integer function).

1  cos 2x
im 2
3. Statement - I does not exist.
x 0 x
sin x – (sin x)sin x
Statement - II im =2
x
 1 – sin x  n sin x
2

2x 4  3x 3  7x 2
4. Statement - I im  .
x  3x 4  2x 2  3x 3
Statement - II If P(x) and Q(x) are two polynomials with rational coefficients, then
P(x) coefficient of highest power of x in P(x)
 im 
x  Q(x) coefficient of highest power of x in Q(x)

sin 2 x
5. Statement - I lim 1
x 0  1/sin 2 x
2 1/sin 2 x 1/sin 2 x
3 1/sin 2 x
 ........  n  n

Statement- II For 0 < a < 1, lim ax = 0

x 

28
 LIMIT

Exercise # 3 Part # I [Matrix Match Type Questions]

Following question contains statements given in two columns, which have to be matched. The statements in
Column-I are labelled as A, B, C and D while the statements in Column-II are labelled as p, q, r and s. Any given
statement in Column-I can have correct matching with one or more statement(S) in Column-II.

a 0 x m  a1x m1  .....  a k x m k

1. Let  (x) = , where a0  0, b0  0 and m, n  N, then im  (x) is equal to
b0 x n  b1x n 1  ....  b  x n   x0

Column –  Column – 
(A) m> n (p) 
(B) m= n (q) –
a0 a0
(C) m < n and n – m is even, >0 (r) b0
b0
a
(D) m < n and n – m is even, 0 < 0 (s) 0
b0

2. The graphs of  and g are given. Use them to evaluate y

2
each limit. y=g(x)
1
Column-I Column-II
0 1 x
–1

(A) lim f (g(x)) (p) 1

x 1

(B) lim 3 f (x)  2 (q) does not exist

x 2

f (x)
(C) lim  f (x)g(x) (r) 0
x0 g(x)
3 f (x)  g(x)
(D) lim (s) 2
x 1 f (x)  g(x)

3. imf (x) , where f (x) is as in column - is

x0

Column – I Column – II

tan[e 2 ]x 2  tan[e 2 ]x 2 2
(A) f (x) = (p)
sin 2 x 8
where [.] represents greatest integer function.

 sin x 
(B)

 2
f(x) =  min(t  4t  6)
x 
 (q) 15

where [ . ] represents greatest integer function.

3
1  x 2  4 1  2x
(C) f (x) = (r) 1
x  x2
2  1  cos x 1
(D) f (x) = (s)
sin 2 x 2

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MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

4. Column-I Column-II

cos(tan 1 (tan x))

(A) If L = lim then cos(2L) is (p) 1
x  / 2 x/ 2

(B) Number of solutions of the equation cosec = k (q) –1

n r3  1
in [0, ] where k = lim  3
n r 2 r  1

(C) If c satisfies the equation (r) 0

x
 xc  ec
lim   = 4 then  is
x   x  c  2

(3 x 4  2 x 2 )sin(1 / x) | x| 3  5 k
(D) If lim 3 2
= k, then is (s) 2
x   | x|  | x| | x|  1 2

5. Column I Column II
x
 x 
(A) Lim   equals (p) e2
x  1 x 
x
 1 1
(B) Lim sin  cos 
x  
(q) e –1/2
x x

cot 2 x
(C) Lim  cos x  (r) e
x 0

1x
  
(D) Lim  tan   x   (s) e–1
x 0  4 

6. Column-I Column-II

1  cos 2x
(A) Lim 2 equals (p) 1
x 0
ex  ex  x

1x
 3 x   1 
(B) If the value of Lim   can be expressed in the (q) 2
x  0   3 x   1 

form of ep/q, where p and q are relative prime then (p + q) is equal to

tan 3 x  tan x 3
(C) Lim equals (r) 4
x 0 x5

x  2sin x
(D) Lim (s) 5
x 0
x  2sin x  1  sin 2 x  x  1
2

30
 LIMIT

Part # II [Comprehension Type Questions]

Comprehension # 1

sin x  ae x  be  x  c n (1  x)
Consider f(x) = , where a, b, c are real numbers.
x3

1. If im f(x) is finite, then the value of a + b + c is

X0
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) – 2

2. If im f(x) = (finite), then the value of  is

X0

1 1
(A) – 2 (B) – (C) – 1 (D) –
2 3
3. Using the values of a, b, c as found in Q.No. 1 or Q. No. 2 above, the value of x0
im x f(x) is

1 1
(A) 0 (B) (C) – (D) 2
2 2

Comprehension # 2

n
 x 
Consider two functions ƒ(x)  lim  cos
n 

4b
 and g(x) = – x , where b  xlim
n 
 x2  x  1  x2  1 .
1. ƒ (x) is -
 x2 x2
2
 x2 x
(A) e (B) e 2
(C) e (D) e 2
2. g(x) is -
(A) –x2 (B) x2 (C) x4 (D) –x4
3. Number of solutions of ƒ (x) + g(x) = 0 is -
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 0 (D) 1

Comprehension # 3

n
 x 
Consider two functions f(x) = im  cos
n 
 n
4b
 and g(x) = – x , where b = x 
im  
x 2  x  1  x 2  1 , then

1. f(x) is
x2 x2
x2 x2 2
(A) e (B) e 2
(C) e (D) e

2. g(x) is
(A) – x2 (B) x2 (C) x4 (D) –x4
3. Number of solutions of equation f(x) + g(x) = 0 is
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 0 (D) 1

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MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

Exercise # 4 [Subjective Type Questions]

1  3 tan x
1. Evaluate Lim
3  1  2 cos 2 x
x
4

nx
 a1 / x
 a 12 / x
 a 13 / x  ........  a 1n / x 
2. Evaluate Lim  1  where a1, a2, a3, .......... an > 0
x   n

2
 
3. Evaluate Lim x sin  n cos 
x   x

(l n(1  x)  l n 2)  3.4 x 1  3x 
4. Evaluate lim 1 1
x 1  3 2

 (7  x)  (1  3)  .sin(x  1)
 

 1 1 1 1 
5. Using Sandwich theorem, evaluate Lim    ........ 

n   2 2 2 2 
n n 1 n 2 n  2n 

ae x  b cos x  ce  x
6. Find the values of a, b & c so that Lim 2.
x 0 x. sin x

1  sin 2 x
7. Evaluate Lim
x
   4x
4

1.x    2.x    3.x   ...........   n.x 

8. Evaluate Lim , where [.] denotes the greatest integer function.
n  n2
9. Using Sandwich theorem, evaluate

1 2 n
Lim 2
 2
 ........... 
n  1 n 2n n  n2

27 x  9 x  3x  1
10. Evaluate lim
x 0 2  1  cos x

11. Verify the following limits

1
1   
 x 1 sec2   a2
 1  x 
x – – 2
      2– bx 
(i) x im
0   =
e 2
(ii) im  sin2   =e b
e x 0

    2  ax  

 10 0 k 
 x   1 0 0
 k 1 
12. Evaluate Lim
x 1 x 1
sin 1 (1  {x}) . cos 1 (1  {x})
13. Let f(x) = , then find im f(x) and im f(x) .
2{x} (1  {x}) x0 x0

(where {.} denotes the fractional part function)

32
 LIMIT

Exercise # 5 Part # I [Previous Year Questions] [AIEEE/JEE-MAIN]

f(x)  1
1. If f(1) = 1, f'(1) = 2, then lim
x 1
= [AIEEE - 2002]
x 1

(1) 2 (2) 1 (3) 3 (4) 4

(1  cos 2 x)sin 5 x
2. The values of lim is- [AIEEE - 2002]
x0 x 2 sin 3 x
(1) 10/3 (2) 3/10 (3) 6/5 (4) 5/6
x
 x 2  5x  3 
3. lim  2  = [AIEEE - 2002]
x 
 x  x 3 
(1) e4 (2) e2 (3) e3 (4) e

log x n  [x]
4. lim , n N, (where [x] denotes greatest integer less than or equal to x)- [AIEEE - 2002]
x  [x]
(1) Has value -1 (2) Has values 0 (3) Has value 1 (4) Does not exist

5. If lim log(3  x)  log(3  x) = k, the value of k is- [AIEEE - 2003]

x0
x

2 1 2
(1) – (2) 0 (3) – (4)
3 3 3
6. Let f(a) = g(a) = k and their n th derivatives f n (a), gn (a) exist and are not equal for some n. Further

f(a )g(x)  f(a ) g(a )f(x)  g(a )

if lim = 4 then the value of k is- [AIEEE - 2003]
xa g(x) f(x)
(1) 0 (2) 4 (3) 2 (4) 1

 x
1  tan  2   [1  sin x]
7. lim   is- [AIEEE - 2003]
x  / 2
  x  3
1  tan  2  [  2 x]
 
1 1
(1)  (2) (3) 0 (4)
8 32
2x
 a b 
8. If xlim
 
1  2  = e2, then the values of a and b, are- [AIEEE - 2004]
 x x 
(1) a R, b R (2) a = 1, b R (3) a R, b = 2 (4) a = 1 and b = 2

1  cos(ax 2  bx  c)
9. Let and be the distinct roots of ax2 + bx + c= 0, then xlim is equal to- [AIEEE - 2005]
 (x   )2

a2 –a 2 1
(1) ( – )2 (2) 0 (3) ( – )2 (4) ( – )2
2 2 2

33
MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

f(3 x) f(2 x)
10. Let f : R  R be a positive increasing function with xlim  1 . Then lim  [AIEEE-2010]
 f(x) x  f(x)
2 3
(1) 1 (2) (3) (4) 3
3 2
 1  cos{2(x  2 )} 
11. lim   [AIEEE-2011]
x 2  x 2
 

(1) equals – 2 (2) equals

1 (3) does not exist (4) equals 2
2
2
 f(x)  9
12. Let ƒ : R [0, ) be such that lim ƒ(x) exists and lim  0. Then Lim f (x) equal - [AIEEE-2011]
x 5 x 5
| x  5| x 0

(1) 3 (2) 0 (3) 1 (4) 2

x2 f(a )  a 2 f(x)
13. If function f(x) is differentiable at x = a then lim [AIEEE-2011]
x a xa
(1) 2a f(a) + a2 f'(a) (2) –a2 f' (a) (3) af(a) –a2 f'(a) (4) 2af(a) –a2 f'(a)

14. (1  cos 2 x)(3  cos x) is equal to : [JEE(Main)-2013]

lim
x 0 x tan 4 x
1 1
(1)  (2) (3) 1 (4) 2
4 2
sin   cos 2 x 
15. lim is equal to : [JEE(Main)-2014]
x 0 x2

(1) (2) 1 (3)  (4) 
2

16.
1  cos 2x  3  cos x  is equal to [JEE(Main)-2015]
Lim
x 0 x tan 4x
1
(1) 2 (2) (3) 4 (4) 3
2
17. Let f(x) be a polynomial of degree four having extreme values at x = 1 and x = 2.
 f x
If Lim 1  2  = 3, then f(2) is equal to : [JEE(Main)-2015]
x 0
 x 
(1) 0 (2) 4 (3) – 8 (4) – 4
1

18. Let p  lim 1  tan 2 2

x 0
  2x
then log p is equal to : [JEE(Main)-2016]

1 1
(1) 1 (2) (3) (4) 2
2 4
1
  n  1 n  2  ....3n  n
19. lim   is equal to : [JEE(Main)-2016]
n 
 n 2n 
27 9 18
(1) 2 (2) 2 (3) 3 log 3 – 2 (4)
e e e4

34
 LIMIT

Part # II [Previous Year Questions][IIT-JEE ADVANCED]

sin( cos2 x)
1. Lim equals [JEE 2001]
x 0 x2

(A) – (B)  (C) (D) 1
2
a tan x  a sin x
2. Evaluate Lim , a > 0. [JEE 2001]
x  0 tan x  sin x

(cos x  1)(cos x  e x )
3. The integer n for which Lim is a finite non-zero number is :-
x 0 xn
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 [JEE 2002]
sin(nx)[(a  n )nx  tan x]
4. If Lim = 0 (n > 0) then the value of 'a' is equal to :- [JEE 2003]
x 0 x2
1 n2  1
(A) (B) n2 + 1 (C) (D) None
n n
2 1  
5. Find the value of Lim  (n  1)cos 1    n  . [JEE 2004]
n  
 n  
x2
a  a 2  x2 
6. Let L = Lim 4 , a > 0. If L is finite, then :- [JEE 2009]
x 0 x4
1 1
(A) a = 2 (B) a = 1 (C) L = (D) L =
64 32

 x2  x  1 
7. If lim   ax  b   4 , then - [JEE 2012]
x 
 x 1 
(A) a = 1, b = 4 (B) a = 1, b = –4 (C) a = 2, b = –3 (D) a = 2, b = 3

8. Let (A) and (A) be the roots of the equation  3


1  a  1 x2    
1  a 1 x  6

1  a  1  0 where a > –1.

Then lim   (a ) and lim a  0  (a ) are [JEE 2012]

a 0

5 1 7 9
(A)  and 1 (B)  and –1 (C)  and 2 (D)  and 3
2 2 2 2

9. The largest value of the nonnegative integer a for which [JEE Ad. 2014]
1 x

  ax  sin  x  1  a 1 x
1
lim   
x 1
 x  sin  x  1  1  4
x 2 sin  x 
10. Let ,  R be such that lim  1 . Then 6( + ) is equals [JEE Ad. 2016]
x 0 ax  sin x
1
 n n n n
 n (x  n)(x  ...(x  ) 
2 n 
11. Let f(x) = lim  2 , for all x > 0. Then
n   2 2 2 n 
 n!(x  n ) (x  2 ) 
 n 
1 1  2 f '(3) f '(2)
(A) f    f(1) (B) f    f  3 (C) f  (2)  0 (D) 
 2 3   f (3) f (2)

35
MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

MOCK TEST

SECTION - I : STRAIGHT OBJECTIVE TYPE

nx
e  n x  e n x  2 cos  k x2
1. If im 2 exists and finite , then possible values of
x 0 (sin x  tan x)

' n ' and ' k ' is :

(A) k = 3 , n = 2 (B) k = 3 , n =  2 (C) k = 5 , n = 2 (D) k =  5 , n = 2

 
2. im  sec x  (n x) is equal to
x 1  2 

   2
(A) – (B) (C) (D)
2n 2 2 2n 2 n2

3. im |x (x – 1)|[cos 2x] , where [.] denotes greatest integer function, is equal to
x 0

(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) e (D) Does not exist

 p q 
4. The value of im    ; p, q  N equals
x 1  1  x p 1  xq 

pq pq pq p
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 q

1  4 cos2 x 
5. The value of lim   2  is
x  (x  )  2  cos x 


(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) – 2 (D) does not exist

1 2
6. The value of im1 cos (2x 1  x ) equals
x
2 1
x
2

(A) 2 2 (B) – 2 2 (C) 0 (D) does not exist

sin x 4  x 4 cos x 4  x 20
7. im 4 is equal to
x 0 x 4 (e2x  1  2x 4 )

1 1
(A) 0 (B) – (C) (D) does not exist
6 6

12 n  2 2 (n 1)  32 (n  2)  .....  n 2 . 1
8. im is equal to:
n 13  23  33  ......  n 3

1 2 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 2 6

36
 LIMIT

1
n sin x
9. im (x) is equal to
x  0

(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) e (D) does not exist

10. S1 : If im f(x) – im g(x) exists, then it is not necessary that x im
a
f(x) and im g(x) will exist
x a x a x a

2
S2 : im x (log x) = 0
x 0

 sin x 
S3 : x im
0
  = 1, (where {.} denotes fractional part function)
 x 

n cos 2 x 1
S4 : x im 2 =
x 2
(A) T T T F (B) F T T F (C) T T F F (D) F F T F

SECTION - II : MULTIPLE CORRECT ANSWER TYPE

 1
 x  2 , x  0
11. f(x) =  , identify the correct statement(S)
2x  1 , x  0
 3

([ ] denotes greatest integer function)

(A) x im [f(x)] = 0 (B) x im f(x) does not exist
0 0

[f (x)]
(C) im f (x)  exists (D) x im
0
does not exist
 x 0  x

12. Which of the following limits tend to unity ?

sin(tan t) sin(cos x) x2  1  cos x 

(A) lim (B) lim (C) lim (D) lim 
t 0 sin t t  /2 cos x x 0 x x  /2  x 2 

13. Which of the following is/are true

(A) If xim
a
{f(x) + g(x)} exists, then both xim
a
f(x) and xim
a
g(x) exist

(B) If xim
a
f(x) and xim
a
g(x) exist, then xim
a
{f(x) + g(x)} exists

(C) If xim
a
f(x) and xim
a
g(x) exist, then xim
a
f(x) g(x) exists

(D) If xim
a
{f(x) g(x)} exists, then both xim
a
f(x) and xim
a
g(x) exist

37
MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

2x
 x 
14. f(x) =   , then
 2 x 

1
(A) x im f(x) = – 4 (B) x im f(x) = 2 (C) im f(x) = e–4 (D) xim f(x) =
x  1 9

15. It x is a real number in [0, 1]. then the value of lim lim [1 + cos2m(n! x)] is -
m n 

(A) 1 if x  Q (B) 2 if x  Q (C) 1 if x  Q (D) 2 if x  Q

SECTION - III : ASSERTION AND REASON TYPE

16. Statement-I : im sin–1 {x} does not exist

x 0

Statement-II : {x} is discontinuous at x = 0 (where {.} denotes fractional part function).

(A) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II is a correct explanation for Statement-I.
(B) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-I
(C) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is False
(D) Statement-I is False, Statement-II is True

 1 2 3 x  1 2 x
17. Statement-I : im  2  2  2  ..............  2  = im 2 + im 2 + .............+ x im 2 = 0
x   x x x x  x  x x  x x

Statement-II : im (f1 (x) + f2(x) + ..........fn(x)) = im f1(x) + im f2 (x) + ........... + im fn(x), n  N.
x a x a x a x a

(A) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II is a correct explanation for Statement-I.
(B) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-I
(C) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is False
(D) Statement-I is False, Statement-II is True

nx n
 a1/ x  a1/x 1/x 1/x
2  a 3  .....  a n

18. Statement-I : If a 1, a2, a3,.......an > 0, then lim  1
x  n
 = a n
  i 1

lim (f (x ) 1)g(x )
Statement-II : If lim f(x)  1, lim g(x)  , then lim {f(x)}g(x) = exa
x a x a x a

(A) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II is a correct explanation for Statement-I.
(B) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-I
(C) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is False
(D) Statement-I is False, Statement-II is True

38
 LIMIT

2  3x 2  1 
19. Statement-I : If f(x) = cot–1  im f(x) = 0 and im f(x) = 2
 , then x 
  (x  1) (x  2)  1 x 2

Statement-II : im cot–1 x = 0 and im cot–1 x = 

x  x  –

(A) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II is a correct explanation for Statement-I.
(B) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-I
(C) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is False
(D) Statement-I is False, Statement-II is True

 12 22 32 x2  1
20. lim
Statement-I : x   3    ..........  =
x x3 x3 x3  3

Statement-II : lim (f1(x) + f2(x) +........ + fn(x)) = lim f1(x) + lim f2(x) +.........+ lim fn(x) where n  N
x a x a x a x a

(A) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II is a correct explanation for Statement-I.
(B) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-I
(C) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is False
(D) Statement-I is False, Statement-II is True

SECTION - IV : MATRIX - MATCH TYPE

21.
Column –  Column – 

(A) Let f : R  R be a differentiable function and (p) 0

x2
(f (t)  t)
f(1) = 1, f(1) = 3. Then the value of im  dt is
x 1
1
(x  1) 2

n
 1 n 4 
(B) im   is equal to (q) –1
n 
 2 

(C) im 2x . tan –1 (nx), x > 0, then im [f(x) –1] is

If f(x) = n  (r) 2
 x 0

{where [.] represents greatest integer function}

 n 1
(D) im   r  = (s) 1
n 
 r 1 2 

(where [.] denotes the greatest integer function)

(t) 4

39
MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

22.
Column –  Column – 
(A) Let f : R  R be such that f(A) = 1, f(A) = 2 and (p) 0
1/ x
 f 2 (a  x) 
im   = ek , then k =
x 0 
 f (a) 

cos(tan 1 (tan x))

(B) im = (q) 1
 
x
2
x
2
sin(cos x  1)
(C) im = (r) 4
x  x
cos  
 2

xesin x  e x sin 1 (sin x)

(D) im = (s) 3
x 0 sin 2 x  x sin x

(t) does not exist

SECTION - V : COMPREHENSION TYPE

23. Read the following comprehension carefully and answer the questions.
sin x  ae x  be  x  c ln(1  x)
If lim f(x) = finite where f(x) = and a, b, c are real numbers.
x 0 x3
1. The value of a is
1 1
(A) – (B) 0 (C) (D) 1
2 2

2. The value of b is
1 1
(A) – (B) (C) 0 (D) 1
2 2

3. The value of c is
(A) –1/2 (B) 1/2 (C) 0 (D) 2

24. Read the following comprehension carefully and answer the questions.
n
  n
Let f(x) = im  cos x  , g(x) = im 1  x  x e  . Now, consider the function y = h(x), where
n
n  n  n

h(x) = tan–1 (g–1 f–1(x)).

n (f (x))
1. im is equal to
x 0 n (g(x))

1 1
(A) (B) – (C) 0 (D) 1
2 2

40
 LIMIT

2. Domain of the function y = h(x) is

(A) (0, ) (B) R (C) (0, 1) (D) [0, 1]

3. Range of the function y = h(x) is

      
(A)  0,  (B)   , 0  (C) R (D)   , 
 2  2   2 2

25. Read the following comprehension carefully and answer the questions.
Let f(x) = max {a, b, c}, where

 n | sin x |    n | cos x |
a = im im
n   1 n   n
n n
im im–  | sin x n|    n | cos x |
b = n  1
 

  2 (n  1)  
im  1  cos
c = n  cos  .........  cos . Then

4n  2n 2n 2n 
1. The value of a is
1
(A) 2 |sin x| (B) |cos x| (C) |sin x| (D)
2
1
2. The value of b + c – is
2
(A) |cos x| (B) 2 | cos x| – 1 (C) |sin x| + 1 (D) |sin x| + |cos x|
3. Range of f(x) is
1   1  1 
(A) [0, 1] (B)  , 1 (C)  , 1 (D)  , 2
2   2  2 

SECTION - VI : INTEGER TYPE

26. If lim ( x 4  ax 3  3x 2  bx  2 – x 4  2x 3  cx 2  3x  d ) = 4 , then value of (a + c).

x 

27. If lim (x3 sin 3x + ax2 + b) exists and is equal to zero then value of (a + 2b).
x 0

1
tan x
28. Let f(x) = and im ([f (x)]  x 2 ) {f (x )} = e , then find 
x x 0

(where [.] and {.} denotes greatest integer and fractional part function respectively)

cot 1  x  a log a x 
29. The value of xlim

(a > 1) .
sec 1  a x log x a 
 4 1  4 1  4 1   4 1
1   3   5   ......... (2n  1)  
 4  4  4   4
30. Let P =
 4 1  4 1  4 1   4 1  and n
im (nP) exists, then find 

 2   4   6   .......  (2n)  
 4  4  4  4

41
MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

ANSWER KEY

EXERCISE - 1

1. B 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. D 11. A 12. D 13. C

14. B 15. B 16. B 17. B 18. B 19. B 20. C 21. B 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. B
27. C 28. A 29. D 30. C

EXERCISE - 2 : PART # I

1. ABD 2. AD 3. AD 4. AB 5. ABCD 6. ABCD 7. BCD 8. ABCD 9. AD

10. ABD 11. BC 12. CD 13. ABC 14. ABC 15. CD 16. ABCD 17. AB 18. BCD
19. CD

PART - II

1. C 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A

EXERCISE - 3 : PART # I

1. A s B r C p D q 2. Aq B s C r D p

3. A q B r C s D p 4. A p B r C q D q
5. As B r C q D  p 6. Ar Bs C  p D q

PART - II
Comprehension # 1 : 1. A 2. D 3. A Comprehension # 2 : 1. B 2. A 3. A
Comprehension # 3 : 1. B 2. A 3. A

EXERCISE - 5 : PART # I

1. 1 2. 1 3. 1 4. 1 5. 4 6. 2 7. 4 8. 2 9. 1 10. 1 11. 3 12. 1 13. 4

14. 4 15. 4 16. 1 17. 1 18. 2 19. 1

PART - II
2
1. B 2. na 3. C 4. C 5. 1– 6. A, C 7. B 8. B 9. 0 10. 7 11. B, C


42
 LIMIT

MOCK TEST

1. C 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. A 11. A, B 12. A, B

13. B,C 14. C 15. A,D 16. B 17. D 18. A 19. A 20. C
21. A  t B  r C  q D  p 22. A  r B  q C  p D  q 23. 1. A 2. B 3. C 24. 1. B
2. C 3. D 25. 1. C 2. A 3. C 26. 7 27. 6 28. 3 29. 1 30. 2

43