In today’s society, you are often bombarded with a lot of information.

Most of these are helpful, but there are some that seem to be misleading.
In viewing news, video clips, trailer, Facebook posts, or YouTube
materials, you may come across a lot of fabricated contents which were
intentionally or unintentionally crafted with the purpose of destroying
somebody’s reputation. But, determining only the details which are relevant
and truthful prevents you to commit bias and prejudice.
In today’s society, you are often bombarded with a lot of information.
Most of these are helpful, but there are some that seem to be misleading.
In viewing news, video clips, trailer, Facebook posts, or YouTube
materials, you may come across a lot of fabricated contents which were
intentionally or unintentionally crafted with the purpose of destroying
somebody’s reputation. But, determining only the details which are relevant
and truthful prevents you to commit bias and prejudice.
In today’s society, you are often bombarded with a lot of information.
Most of these are helpful, but there are some that seem to be misleading.
In viewing news, video clips, trailer, Facebook posts, or YouTube
materials, you may come across a lot of fabricated contents which were
intentionally or unintentionally crafted with the purpose of destroying
somebody’s reputation. But, determining only the details which are relevant
and truthful prevents you to commit bias and prejudice.
In today’s society, you are often bombarded with a lot of information.
Most of these are helpful, but there are some that seem to be misleading.
In viewing news, video clips, trailer, Facebook posts, or YouTube
materials, you may come across a lot of fabricated contents which were
intentionally or unintentionally crafted with the purpose of destroying
somebody’s reputation. But, determining only the details which are relevant
and truthful prevents you to commit bias and prejudice.
Hivemind: Disinformation and & common forms of information disorder Disinformation and 7
common forms of information disorder | Blog | Hive Mind (hive-mind.community)
English Quarter 3 – Module 3: Relevance and Truthfulness of Ideas Presented in the Material
Viewed ADM

In today’s society, you are often bombarded with a lot of information. Most of these are helpful,
but there are some that seem to be misleading. In viewing news, video clips, trailer, Facebook
posts, or YouTube materials, you may come across a lot of fabricated contents which
were intentionally or unintentionally crafted with the purpose of destroying somebody’s
reputation. But, determining only the details which are relevant and truthful prevents you to
commit bias and prejudice.

So, it is important to know the different types of information disorders.

Let’s first take a look at the three main terms related to information disorder and its mechanisms.
1. Disinformation is false or misleading piece of information spread with the intention to
deceive or cause harm. It can appear in the form of the fabricated or deliberately
manipulated audio/ visual content, intentionally created conspiracy theories or rumors
spread to harm or cause distrust.
Any examples? There are plenty around us!
When a blogger intentionally changes scientific facts to support his/ her conspiracy
theory, it’s disinformation. Or when people in power share only selected piece of
information together with their biased commentary, which distorts reality, it's also
disinformation.
2. When disinformation is shared without the intent to manipulate people, it is called
misinformation. An example would be sharing a rumor that something has happened,
before finding out it’s actually false. We can also categorize as misinformation
unintentional mistakes, such as inaccurate photo captions, dates, statistics, and
translations, or when satire is taken seriously.
3. The last type is malinformation: it is deliberate publication of private information for
personal, corporate or political, rather than public interest, such as: revenge porn or
leaking certain emails hacked in order to damage someone’s reputation. It can also
include deliberate change of context, date or time of the original content.

Disinformation can take many different forms. The most common ones are:
1. SATIRE OR PARODY
No intention to cause harm but has potential to fool.
Although satire or parody can even be treated as forms of art, they can be also used to
intentionally spread rumors and conspiracies, and–in case of any accusations–they can
get off lightly as something that shouldn’t be treated seriously/ literally. This form of
information disorder can also easily get re-shared or distorted, and start functioning
outside of its original, humorous context.

2. FALSE CONNECTION
When headlines, visuals or captions don’t support the content.

Although we can at first think that false connections, such as, for example, clickbait
headlines, can do no harm, only irritate; in a larger perspective this practice may
undermine trust in media and promote polarization.
3. MISLEADING CONTENT
Misleading use of information to frame an issue or individual.

It’s about cropping photos, or choosing quotes or statistics selectively in order to support
an argument. We can often see this kind of manipulated content without even knowing
 about it, as spotting it requires having some specific knowledge, doing research, and
checking the sources (for example, the source of a quote in a given message).
4. FALSE CONTEXT
When genuine content is shared with false contextual information.

A picture reshared to fit a new narrative would be an example here. It is a powerful form
of information disorder, as the content used is genuine, so it cannot be denied, but is
reframed in a dangerous way to support a certain point.
5. IMPOSTER CONTENT
When genuine sources are impersonated.

This form of disinformation takes advantage of the trust you may have in a specific
organization, person, brand etc. Many phishing and smishing (phishing of mobile phones
via messages) attempts are created this way: some well-known brand's logo or name is
used in order to create an impression that you're receiving a legit content. And it's enough
to be distracted or in a hurry, to sometimes fall victim to such manipulation.
6. MANIPULATED CONTENT
When genuine information or imagery is manipulated to deceive.

Usually it concerns photos and videos that are altered in such way that they seem real
enough, but the overall meaning of the genuine content is different than intended. You
can see examples of such photos and videos analyzed by one of our experts, Dren
Gerguri, PhD.
7. FABRICATED CONTENT
New content is 100% false, designed to deceive and do harm.

When the content is completely false, the only limit is the imagination of the creator's of
such content. Distinguishing between the real and fabricated content is extremely difficult
to the naked eye. If you have seen any "deepfakes", that can be often categorized as
“fabricated content”, you know how deeply it impacts our trust in the messages we see.

Disinformation can take many different forms. These forms are called Information Disorders

1. SATIRE OR PARODY
No intention to cause harm but has potential to fool.
Although satire or parody can even be treated as forms of art, they can be also used to
intentionally spread rumors and conspiracies.
 2. FALSE CONNECTION
When headlines, visuals or captions don’t support the content. For example, clickbait headlines,
can do no harm, only irritate.

3. MISLEADING CONTENT
Misleading use of information to frame an issue or individual. It’s about cropping photos, or
choosing quotes or statistics selectively in order to support an argument.

4. FALSE CONTEXT
When genuine content is shared with false contextual information. It is a powerful form of
information disorder, as the content used is genuine, so it cannot be denied, but is reframed in a
dangerous way to support a certain point.

5. IMPOSTER CONTENT
When genuine sources are impersonated. This form of disinformation takes advantage of the
trust you may have in a specific organization, person, brand etc.

6. MANIPULATED CONTENT
When genuine information or imagery is manipulated to deceive.

7. FABRICATED CONTENT
New content is 100% false, designed to deceive and do harm.