INTRODUCTION TO

ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
1. EXCITE
Browsing signature / browser fingerprinting :
i) Browsers identify each user uniquely in the online
cyberworld with the help of online navigation and
interactions . It creates a unique virtual profile of the
user which is known as browsing signature or browser
fingerprinting .
ii) It is a powerful method which collects information
about users by tracking their online behaviour, pattern
and activities . It is done with the help of
algorithms running over the internet.
 Cookies :

● When we visit a website , small amount of

information created by the website about user is
stored in a tiny file called cookies .
● Cookies are stored on user’s computer.
Artificial Intelligence :
● Artificial Intelligence or AI term was first coined
by Stanford researcher John McCarthy in 1956.
● According to McCarthy :
“ AI is the science and engineering of making
intelligent machines.”
● The ability of a machine to think and learn is called
artificial intelligence .
Definitions of AI :
● AI is the field of conceiving, designing and
developing machines which should perform tasks
that usually require human intelligence.
● AI is the art and science of developing machines
running on intelligent algorithm that make them
capable of thinking, acting and learning like human
beings .
● AI field refers to the study of the principles ,
concepts and technology for building
machines that should think, act and
learn like humans.
Why AI today ?
● We use highly advanced and sophisticated technologies
like multi-processor systems, large memory units,
faster communication technologies,etc .
● Everyday, a large amount of data is being created
which needs to be collected, analysed and processed at
a very high speed.
● We need AI to perform such operations with the help
of given data in an efficient manner .
Human intelligence :
● Intelligence is defined as the ability to reason
(use/apply) by using our knowledge .
● Human intelligence is the combination of :
Perception

Learning Reasoning

Problem solving Language

1. Perception - gaining knowledge by surrounding
2. Learning - acquiring knowledge using previous one
3. Problem solving -solving problem using knowledge
4. Reasoning - reaching to conclusion on the basis of
previous knowledge
5. Language - medium of communication through
which knowledge is gained / shared
AI Challenges :
● By using AI technology, we try to make machines
which can
○ Retain a fact as knowledge
○ Recall the knowledge in a situation
○ Think, analyse and apply logic
○ Make useful and accurate predictions
○ Make decisions
○ Upgrade their algorithm by themselves
● Challenge of AI is to include above
capabilities in a machine
Domains of AI :
There are three domains of AI .

NLP
Computer (natural language
Data
vision processing)
1. Data in AI
● Data is defined as raw facts and figures .
● In AI ,we are concerned with extraction of knowledge from data.
It involves the collection, cleaning and analysis of data as well
as development of model that can make prediction based on the
data.
● In AI, processing of data is defined as
Data -> Analysis -> Prediction
● In AI ,system requirement of data is huge and enormous. It is
said -
“More the data , better the AI system .”
2. Computer Vision (CV) in AI
● Computer vision is defined as identifying the symbol from
given object (picture) and learn the pattern for predicting the
future .
● The goal of CV is to understand the content of digital image .
● If AI is like the brain of computer , computer vision is like eye
of computer .
● It is used in facial recognition , pattern recognition , google
lens , healthcare appliances , autonomous vehicles , etc.
3. NLP (natural language processing) in AI
● The ability of computer to understand human language as spoken
or written and to give an output by processing it is called NLP.
● It enables the interaction between human and computer system by
understanding the given command and responds in human
language .
● Some uses of NLP are text & speech processing, text translation,
question - answering , etc .
● Examples of NLP are Google translate, Siri , Cortana, Alexa, etc.
● It involves -
○ NLU ( natural language understanding )
○ NLG ( natural language generation )
● Syntax - refers to the grammatical rules to be followed
while creating sentence .
● Semantic - refers to the appropriate meaning of the
sentence which is made by following accurate syntax .
2. Relate
IoT ( Internet of Things ) :
● IoT describes the network of physical object (things)
that are embedded with sensors, softwares and other
technologies for the purpose of connecting and
sharing data / resources with other devices over the
internet .
Smart Home :
● It refers to a convenient home setup where devices
can be automatically controlled remotely from
anywhere with an internet enabled device .
● Devices in a smart home are interconnected through
the internet and can be accessed through one central
point called as smart home hub .
Smart city
● A city that uses technological advancement to enhance
quality of public services, manage resources to provide
real value for life to live in .
● In a smart city , there will be conditions like
○ Clean, healthy environment , quick access to services
○ Clean , non-stop energy and better connectivity
● Smart city is a liveable, workable and sustainable city .
Smart city features :
1. Traffic and parking :
● AI enabled smart cabs
● AI integrated traffic system
● Cab availability and auto - pickup
● Auto alarm system
● Autonomous vehicles
● Real time parking
● Smart speed control system
2. Lighting and water supply
● Smart electricity grid
● Integrated security system
● Accident prevention system
● Smart water supply system
● Water wastage control system
● Automated monitoring and reading system
3. Waste management
● AI enables waste containers
● Hazardous waste detection
● Segregating waste with the help of bots
● Intelligent water treatment plants
4. Environment and pollution control
● AI enabled drones
● Prediction of environmental problems
● Climate change prediction
● Accurate weather and disaster prediction
● Analysis of air , water and soil pollution
● Collection of marine life data
5. Hospitals and schools
● Surgical robots
● Expert diagnostic system
● Smart patient care
● Centralised blood bank and donor database
management
● Smart patient therapy
● Health data analysis
Unit 3 :
Purpose
PEOPLE PLANET PROFIT POLICY
AI & issues
 Unit 4
Possibilities
Techniques of AI :
1. Data
2. Computer vision
3. NLP - natural language processing
4. Artificial neural network
5. Robotics
 Data
Analysis
Prediction
AI job profiles
Job descriptions in AI :
1. AI business development manager
2. AI business analyst
3. AI programmers
4. AI design developer
5. Data scientist /ML system researchers
6. Machine learning engineer / architect / specialist
Major AI players
 AMAZON

AMAZON ALEXA
AMAZON WEB SERVICES (AWS)
GOOGLE

DeepMind
TensorFlow
 IBM - Watson
Microsoft - Cortana
 Intel
Apple
Nvindia
Facebook
Twitter
Youtube
Challenges of AI in India :
1. Lack of awareness
2. Lack of expertise
3. Lack of computing infrastructure
4. Inaccessibility of enough data
AI work skills :
● Analytical and logical
● Interpersonal skill
thinking
● Technical skill
● Learn,unlearn and relearn
● Creativity
● Problem solving
● Decision making
● Emotional intelligence
● Leadership
● Adaptability and agility
● Communication skills
● Risk assessment
Unit 5 : AI ETHICS
 Understanding ethics :

● A system of moral principles

that governs one’s behaviour .
● the study of what is right and
wrong in human behaviour
while taking decisions or doing
somethings .
 Need of Ethical AI :

● Ethical AI is artificial intelligence that adheres to well-defined

ethical guidelines regarding fundamental values, including
such things as individual rights, privacy, non-discrimination,
and non-manipulation.
Common ethical issues :

● Human replacement
● Biases
● Reliability issues
● Social inequality
● Humanity and dignity
● Impact on humans
● Privacy threats
Addressing
challenges
related to
AI
 Challenges in ethical AI :

● Accountability
● Transparency and bias
○ Pre-existing biases
○ Technical biases
○ Emergent biases
● Security and privacy
● Common sense and human values
The Good AI :

● Optimum use of present system

● Enhancing human potential
● Addressing the non-addressable
● Enriching human life
● Working towards equity
● Easing conflicts and uplifting harmony
● Giving back to moter earth
Ethical frameworks :

● Human rights
● Well being
● Rights related to data
● Effectiveness
● Transparency
● Accountability
● Awareness of misuse
● Competence
 Economics of AI :

It involves :
a. The value it will add in the system
b. The benefit it will bring to all the stakeholders
c. An estimate of expenses incurred for addition of values in the
system