Physics By Shilpi Ma’am

Waves /
 Disturbance in a medium/
Physics By Shilpi Ma’am
Waves

Mechanical waves Electro magnetic wave

It require any medium Do not require any medium

Physics By Shilpi Ma’am

 Electromagnetic wave/
Radio wave
Micro wave
Infrared wave
Visible ray
Ultra-Violet Ray
x-ray
-ray
Physics By Shilpi Ma’am
Waves

Electromagnetic Mechanical wave

Transverse waves Transverse wave
Longitu
Physics By Shilpi Ma’am
Mechanical waves

Transverse waves Longitudinal waves

Physics By Shilpi Ma’am

 Example of transvers waves :-

Physics By Shilpi Ma’am

 Example of Longitudinal wave :-

Physics By Shilpi Ma’am

Sound Waves
Physics By Shilpi Ma’am

 Wave Length/
The distance between two consecutive crests or trough is
called wavelength.
Physics By Shilpi Ma’am

 Frequency/
The Number of cycles complete in one second is called
frequency.
Physics By Shilpi Ma’am

Time period in one = Time to Complete cycle

Physics By Shilpi Ma’am

 Amplitude/
The maximum displacement from mean position.
Physics By Shilpi Ma’am

 Speed of wave/

𝝂 = 𝒇𝝀
Physics By Shilpi Ma’am

Q. If a particle vibrates 40 times in 2.5 sec then. Find

Frequency of vibration and time-period.
2.5 sec 40
Physics By Shilpi Ma’am

 Sound wave/
(i) Sound can be produced by a vibrating object.

(ii) Sound is a mechanical longitudinal wave.

(iii) Sound can travel in solid liquid, gas but not in vacuum.
Physics By Shilpi Ma’am

Q. Speed of sound is maximum.

(a) Solid
(b) Liquid
(c) Gas
(d) Water
Physics By Shilpi Ma’am

Q. Speed of sound is maximum.

(a) Water
(b) Air
(c) Steel
(d) Vacuum
Physics By Shilpi Ma’am

Q. Speed of sound is maximum.

(a) Iron
(b) Steel
(c) Aluminum
(d) Water
Physics By Shilpi Ma’am

Q. Speed of sound is maximum.

(a) Iron
(b) Gas
(c) Aluminum
(d) Gold
Physics By Shilpi Ma’am

 Audible frequency Range :-

Physics By Shilpi Ma’am

 Note:-
Infrasonic, ultrasonic and audible wave, all have same speed.
Physics By Shilpi Ma’am

 Use of ultrasonic wave :-

(i) SONAR System
(ii) SONOGRAPHY
(iii) Bat
Physics By Shilpi Ma’am

 Use of infrasonic wave :-

(i) Used as a communication between animals.
Physics By Shilpi Ma’am

 Loudness (Intensify of Sound) :-

Unit = Decibel [dB]

Or
bel
 Hearing Damage may occurs above 85 dB But Instant
hearing damage occurs above 120 dB.
 85 dB 120
Physics By Shilpi Ma’am

 Supersonic Missile/
If speed of missile is greater than speed of sound then it
called supersonic missile.

Supersonic
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 Echo/
For Echo minimum distance should be 17.15 m from
reflector.
17.15 m
Physics By Shilpi Ma’am

 Note:-
Echo works on law of reflection of sound.
Physics By Shilpi Ma’am

 SONAR :-
(i) To find sea depth

(ii) To find enemy submarine

Physics By Shilpi Ma’am

 Doppler effect of sound/

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 Formal =
𝒗+𝒖𝒐
𝒇′ = 𝒇
𝒗−𝒖𝒔

f — Apparent frequency
f — Actual frequency
uo — Speed of observer
us — Speed of source
v — Speed of sound
Physics By Shilpi Ma’am

 Effect of frequency on speed of sound?

 There is no effect of frequency on speed of sound.
Physics By Shilpi Ma’am

 Effect of pressure on speed of sound?

 There is no effect of pressure on speed of sound.
Physics By Shilpi Ma’am

 Temperature effect on speed of sound:-

Physics By Shilpi Ma’am