Basketball
 Backboard - 6 feet wide (72 inches) by 42 inches tall
January 20, 1892
- the first true basketball game happened in Springfield
Massachusetts
James Naismith
- A Canadian doctor who invented the game for the YMCA to
play during winter months
- The first game consisted of 18 players or nine to a team which
was standard to the baseball teams today
- Because Naismith or YMCA has no money to design a new ball,
they used a soccer ball
 The concept of the game is to be played for 30 minutes and the
final score was 1- 0.
o Halfway to the game, William R. Chase made the ball go
into the peach basket and became the first player to ever
score in a basketball game.
o Someone during this game someone suggested a name for
this new sport, basketball.
 The game grew in popularity and within a few years, most of the
YMCA centers in Northern Eastern United States, and Canada had
facilities to accommodate players
o Within the decade of its invention most YMCA centers
began to ban the game because of the rough style of play
associated with it
o However, other amateur groups picked up the slack, and
new Basketball leagues began forming, including:
 Amateur Athletic Union
 Intercollegiate Athletic Association
Basketball Equipment and Facilities
 The size of the court depends on the playing level
 The size of the court for NBA and College games is 94 feet long and
50 feet wide
o It is smaller for high school and junior high
The Backboard and Rim
 The regulation height above the ground for the rim (hoop) is 10 feet
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 Rim - 18 inches in diameter
o inner square - 24 inches wide by 18 inches tall
The Foul Line
- 15 feet in front of the backboard
The Key
- 12 ft. wide
- The backboard extends 4 ft. out over the baseline into the key
- A half circle of diameter 6 ft. extends from the foul line away from
the basket to complete the key
The 3 Point Line (ARC)
- NBA basketball courts – 22 ft. to the center of the rim
- 16 ft 9 inches – size of the straight line from the baseline
- Past those points the line extends out 23 ft 9 inches from the center of
the rim
Line Markings
- all the line markings on the floor are 2 inches wide and can vary in
color
Ball
- sizes vary depending on the league or governing body for a
particular basketball game
- should be made of leather or synthetic leather
- A property inflated ball of the correct size for level of play is
important to ensure safety and skill development
Basketball Rules and Regulations
Number of Players
- 1,2,3,4 or 5 players on each team
- teams can be mixed, boys and girls, or not
- Competition Level:
o a team is made up of 5 players playing on the court and 5 players
sitting on the bench that can be used for substitution
Positions
- usually determined by the height of the player
 Center or Position 5 – tallest player
 Forwards or Position 3 and 4 – medium players
 Guards or Position 1 and 2 – shortest players
Scoring
- throw the ball into the basket, with the ball passing through the
basket from above the hoop
- scoring a basket increases the team’s score by 3, 2 or one point
- 3 points line - the basket worth 3 points, otherwise it is worth 2 point
- score one point when shooting from the free throw line, after a
foul for instance
Violations
- occurs when the player breaks one of the rules of basketball
- results in the awarding of the ball to the opponents
 TYPES OF HAND SIGNALS
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 - It is a judgement call for the officials
Personal foul
- is a breach of the rules that concerns illegal personal contact with
an opponent
- It is the most common type of foul in basketball.
- A player fouls out on reaching a limit on personal fouls for the game
and is disqualified from participation in the remainder of the game
 Personal fouls include any type of illegal physical contact
Hitting - an unblocked shot that fails to hit the rim or backboard
Pushing - contact that displaces an opponent
- The ball handler is not allowed to use her hands or arms to push
off the defender to gain an advantage to dribble, shoot or pass the
ball
Slapping - illegal contact by a defensive player which impedes the
Violations forward and/or lateral movement of the offensive player
Holding - interferes with a player's freedom of movement
Travelling Illegal pick/screen - an offensive player sticks out a limb and makes
- player taking more than 2 steps without bouncing the ball on the physical contact with a defender in an attempt to block the path of
floor the defender
- moving your pivot foot once you’ve stopped dribbling Blocking - illegal personal contact resulting from a defender not
Double Dribble establishing position in time to prevent an opponent’s drive to the
- dribbling the ball with both hands on the ball at the same time or basket
picking up the dribble and then dribbling again Other Types of Fouls
Carrying/Palming Flagrant Foul
- when a player dribbles the ball with his hand too far to the side of, or - Violent contact with an opponent
sometimes, even under the ball - hitting, kicking, and punching
- Carry - twisting your hand, when in contact with the ball, beyond - results in free throws plus the offense retaining possession of the
vertical, bringing it under the ball ball after the free throws
o twist your hand, when in contact with the ball, beyond
vertical, bringing it under the ball Technical Foul (the ‘manners’ of the game)
- A player or a coach can commit this type of foul
Head Ball
- Occasionally, two or more opposing players will gain possession of Personal Foul Penalties
the ball at the same time If a player is shooting while being fouled, then he gets two free
- In order to avoid a prolonged and/or violent tussle, the referee stops throws if his shot doesn’t go in, but only one free throw if his shot
the action and awards the ball to one team or the other on a does go in.
rotating basis
Three free throws are awarded if the player fouled while playing for a
Goaltending 3-point goal and they miss their shot.
- if a defensive player interferes with a shot while it’s on the way down
toward the basket, while it’s on the way up toward the basket - If a player is fouled while shooting a three-point shot and makes
after having touched the backboard, or while it’s in the cylinder it anyway, he is awarded one free throw. Thus, he could score
above the rim four points in the play.
- if committed by an offensive player, it’s a violation and the ball is One & one
awarded to the opposing team for a throw-in – If the team committing the foul has seven or more fouls in the game,
Backcourt Violation then the player who was fouled is awarded one free throw. If he makes
- once the offense has brought the ball across the mid-court line, they his first shot, then he is awarded another free throw.
cannot go back across the line during possession Inbounds
- If they do, the ball is awarded to the other team to pass inbounds – If fouled while not shooting, the ball is given to the team the foul was
Time Restrictions committed upon. They get the ball at the nearest side or baseline, out of
- five seconds to pass the ball, if not passed, the ball is awarded to the bounds, and have 5 seconds to pass the ball onto the court.
other team Ten or more fouls
Fouls – If the team committing the foul has ten or more fouls, then the fouled
- an illegal action that can be committed by player from one team player receives two free throws.
against a player from the opposing team Charging
Types of Fouls – an offensive foul that is committed when a player pushes or runs over a
defensive player. The ball is given to the team that the foul was
Defensive Foul committed upon
- offensive player is being fouled by the defender
- Defenders should not block, push, trip, strike or hold the player in Basketball Strategies
possession of the ball Categories of Offenses
Offensive Foul Early Offenses – depend on quick, wide lane releases, inbound
- a player in offense commits a foul when charging into a stationary passes, and pass advances to reach the offensive operating area
defender before all of the defenders can retreat into the front court area.
Intentional foul Set Offenses – the “Set Play” is the staple of the game. Set plays use
- when a player makes physical contact with another player with no teamwork and screening actions in effort to create good shots.
reasonable effort to steal the ball
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 Motion Offenses – Though constant player movement, teams of
average size and abilities can overcome and defeat teams of superior
talent and size. However, this requires players to play together as a
single unit.
Zone Offenses – The need for a solid zone attack is paramount on
every level of the game. Attacking zone defenses requires ball
movement and total team effort compared to the player movement
and individual skills required in attacking man-to-man defenses.
Spread Offenses – are normally deployed at the end of the game to
protect a hard-earned lead, or when a team is totally mismatched. By
spreading the court, it not only takes time off the clock, but also
increases the area the defense must defend.
The 12 Basic Offensive Alignments
Single Post or Four Out – is a favorite to use when a team has an
exceptionally, good post-up player since it isolates the post One-on-One
near the basket.
Single Attack– is used against pressure defense. Once the entry pass is
successfully made, it isolates the post 0ne-on-One.
Double Attack – two posts are used to free up shooters.
One-Three-One– is a popular alignment to use against zone defenses.
Double Post or Three Out – is used when a team has two good post
players (“TWIN PLAYERS”).
High Post, Two-Three High – is used when the teams do not have a big
post player or when the player is a good outside shooter.
Open, Spread, Donut – this is no post alignment spreads the floor for
cuts and dribble penetrations.
One Four High – is an excellent alignment to use against pressure
defense since the point guard has four direct entry pass options.
One Four Low or Flat– is used to isolate a ball handler One-on-One. It
is commonly used at the end of a period or game.
Mid Screen – isolates a post player (big) with a ball handler (small) in
the center of the court for screen and roll action with spot up shooters
in the corners.
Horns or V – used to create screen and roll action. In this double high
post alignment, the point guard can initiate the screen and roll action in
either direction.
Overload – places all five offensive players on one side of the court. This
alignment is used primarily against zone defenses
Basic Elements of Basketball
Dribbling
- is the way to progress the ball by an individual player, in order to
get free from opponent to get in a good passing or shooting position.
Change of face
– this dribble is one of the common in basketball and is used to make the
defender think the dribble is slowing down of going to pick up his
dribble and stop, or he is looking for a team mate to pass to, but still
keeping his dribble, he explodes the defender at top speed.
The low or control dribble
– it is used whenever the player is closely guarded. This type of dribbling
simply entails keeping ball low to the floor and in player control. The
ball is dribbled of the side of the body away from the defender.
The high or speed dribble
– when the player is in the open court and needs to go as fast as he can
with the ball in such case the dribbler is not closely guarded and while
running fast, he pushes the ball in front of him and let the ball bounce at
hip level.
The crossover dribble
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– it entails the dribbling with one hand, then, as the dribble get close to
his defender, pushing the ball out in front of him, over the other hand
and exploding past him.
The behind the back dribble
– this type of dribble is used when the dribbler changes direction in
order to get loose from his opponent. The dribbler moves the ball from
one side of his body to another by swinging it behind and across the
back.
The between the legs dribble
– this dribble is a quick way to move the ball from one hand to another
between the legs, dribbler is closely guarded or when he wants to change
the direction.
The reverse dribble
– is a type of dribbling to change direction and to bounce the ball from
one hand to another when the dribbler is closely guarded. To used it
effectively it must be executed quickly when the dribbler pushes the ball
to the floor and rotates around the defender.
Passing
The two handed chest pass – is the most common pass in a game when
there is not a defensive player between the passer and his teammates, the
ball is held in two hand chest high and close to the body. The elbows are
tucked and fingers are spread around the ball.
Two handed bounce pass – are the same of those of the chest pass,
although the situation when it used are not. A bounce pass it used most
often in pivot plays when the passer is passing to a teammate guarded
from behind.
Two-handed overhead pass – this pass is commonly used for passing the
ball into the high and low post area, or as an outlet pass directly off the
rebound to begin fast break.
The-one hand (baseball) pass – this is a long distance pass that is usually
thrown more than half court length.
The-one hand (push) pass – is a quick pass made with one hand to a
short distance. This can be either a straight or a lob pass defending on a
defensive alignment.
The behind the back pass – this is pass was once considered to be a
fancy pass but has now a normal offensive weapon
Shooting
The Set Shot– during the normal game the set shot is generally not used.
Since if the shooter does not leap to the air the shot can easily be
blocked. It commonly used only when executing the free throws, when
the shooter may take an unhindered shot.
The Lay-up shot– it is the first shot that should be learned. In a
competitive situation this is the one shot that the player has to be able to
make with both right and left hands. The dribble towards the basket is
generally finished by a lay-up shot. When the dribbler is several feet
away from the ring, simultaneously lift his hand and same knee up when
jumping toward the basket.
The underhand shot – this is the special type of lay-up shot when the
shooter, after taking his jump towards the basket, extends his arm and
lifts his hand upward keeping the ball away from the defender.
The jump shot – is the most widely used in a players offensive arsenal.
Since it take at the highest point of the shooters vertical jump, it is the
shot that is extremely hard to block. For a long distance it is almost the
only type of shot.
The hook shot – is a soft and accurate shot and excellent low-post move,
when executed correctly, it is nearly impossible to block because the
shooting hand is away from the defender.
- To make a right hand hook shot the players pivots on his rear
(right foot) and takes a step with his left leg. Then he lifts his
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 right knee. If this shot is executed by jumping from both feet, it
is called jump hook.
Dunking – was once considered a special attraction of the tallest players.
This shot is the most spectacular offensive move and it is one that can
boost the teammates spirit and quickly demoralize the opponent, it can
be made by one or two hands, from in front or from behind.
The reverse lay-up shot – this lay up has the benefit of the rim and
backboard to help protect the shooter from defenders trying to block
his shot from behind. It is good shot to use after a penetration along
the end line or when he receives the ball inside the lane with his back
to the basket.
Tapping (Tip-in)– this move consists of only a soft flick of the fingertips.
Fingertips are positioned under the ball as it comes off the rim and the
ball is gently pushed up tapped in the direction of the rim or backboard.
Blocking out and Rebounding – rebounding is the most important part of
the game. Every rebound that a player can get gives the opportunity to
that team to score a basket. Height and good jumping ability are certainly
big advantages in rebounding but they are not the only factors in
becoming a good rebounder. Good position and timing are equally
important. When the offensive players are blocked out by the defensive
players even the shortest player can get the rebound.
Screening – also called a pick, is a legal block set by an offensive player on
the side of or behind a defender in order to free a team mate to take a shot
or receive a pass or dribble past his defender.
Pick and Roll – this is a combination between the screener and his team
mate with the ball. This type of play is one of the most often used ones
again the man-to-man defense.
Defense – to play defense the elementary fundamental to master is
footwork. The defender shall anticipate his opponent by moving his feet,
so as to stablish legal guarding position in the path of his opponent.
Man to man Defense– in this defense each player guards an opponent.
Zone Defense– this defense the defenders are not guarding every opponent
individually but they guard specific area around the basket. Every player
has his own position.
Position of the Players
Guard (also called point guard or playmaker)
- he organizes the play of his team. He is the most agile player of the
team and often he is the shortest among the team mates.
Penetration and defense are most effective skill for a guard to
master.
Forward
- are expected to be good middle and long distance shooters and to
score basket from penetration.
Center
- are the tallest players of the team. Most of goals they score are from
close range shots and from rebound situations. Both in defense and
in offense they have mainly the task to get the rebounds.

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