PE 104 REVIEWER (MIDTERMS)
above the floor of the court
 Basketball – a type of indoor team sports
which is very popular all over the world
- as few as two players can play, all they
need is a ball, basket, and a level surface.
- it requires teamwork, quick reactions and
endurance
- played 2 teams of 5 players each
 Opponents’ basket – basket that is attacked
by a team
 Team’s Own Basket – basket which is
defended by a team
 Advantage of Tall Players – can easily reach
closer to the basket or above other players to
shoot and retrieve the ball on the rebound
 Advantage of Small Players – shooters and
ball handlers
History of Basketball
 Dr. James Naismith – introduced basketball
on December 21, 1891. He is a Physical
Education Instructor at the school for Christian
workers (Springfield College) in
Massachusetts, USA
 Luther Gulick – head of the school’s physical
education department, asked James Naismith
to create a team sport that could be played
indoors game during winter seasons
 Soccer ball – Naismith decided to use this for
his new game because it was large enough to
catch easily
 Two Boxes – Naismith asked the building
superintendent for these to use as a goals
 Peach Baskets – the superintendent has no
two boxes but provided these. basket were
attached to a gymnasium balcony railing 3
meters above the floor
 December 1891 – first game took place
between members of Naismith’s physical
education class
 The game is played with a round ball and with
the hands
 A player cannot run with the ball
 Any player can take up any position on the
playing court at any time
 There shall be no physical contact between
players
 The goal (basket) shall be placed horizontally
 Michael Jordan – considered one of the best
basketball players around the world. The
record score of 5,987 made him a legend in the
world of basketball
 Brown – in the very beginning, this is the color
of the basketball, but later it was changed into
a brighter color; that is orange
 Slam Dunks – in 1967, these were considered
illegal; after 9 years later it was legalized again
 Women’s Basketball – began in 1892, and
some rules were modified to fit women
 Berlin Germany 1936 – the game was made
an official Olympic game
 January 20, 1892 – first basketball game
 Kareen Abdul-Jabber – holds the record for
most points scored in his 20 year career at
38,387 points
 March 2, 1962 – center Wilt Chamberlain
scored 100 points in one game against New
York
 New York Nicks – won 12 straight games
against the Boston Celtics in 1995 and were
the first to do so
 Ball Movement – the ball may be passed,
thrown, tapped, rolled, or dribbled in any
direction
 Winner of a Game – the team that has scored
the greater number of points at the end of
playing time of fourth period. If necessary any
extra period shall be the winner of the game
Equipments
 Court Measurement – 28 meters length; 15
meters width
 Floor – dimensions of minimum of 32 meters
in length by a minimum of 19 meters in width
 Backcourt – consists of its team’s own basket,
the inbounds part of the backboard and that
part of the court limited by the end line behind
its own basket, the side lines and the center
line
 Frontcourt - consists of its opponent’s basket,
the inbounds part of the backboard and that
part of the court limited by the end line behind
its opponent’s basket, the side lines and the
center line nearest to the opponents’ basket
 Line – all line shall be of the same color and
drawn in white or other contrasting color, 5cm
in width and clearly visible
 Boundary Line – consisting of end lines and
sidelines, not part of the court
 Center line – shall be marked parallel to the
end lines from the mid-point of the side lines,
shall extend 0.15m beyond each side line, part
of the backcourt
 Center circle – marked in the center of the
court and have a radius of 1.80m measured to
the outer edge of the circumference
 Free-throw semi-circles – marked on the
court with a radius of 1.80m measured to the
outer circumference and with their centers at
the mid-point of the free-throw lines
 Backboard - 180cm x 120cm
 Rim – metal hoop, 45cm and 20 milimeters
thick
 Basketball – 29.5” in circumference standard
weight of 22 0z.
 Game Clock
 24 seconds shot clock
 30 seconds device
 Time out watch
 Scoresheet
 Scoreboard
 Free-throw (restricted areas) – shall be
rectangular areas marked on the court limited
by the endlines (2.45m from the mid-point)
 Free-throw (rebound places) – reserved for
players during free throws
 3-point goal are
- 2 parallel lines extending from and
perpendicular to the endline, with the outer
edge 0.90m from the inner edge of the
sidelines
- An arc of redius 6.75m measured from the
point on the court beneath the exact center
of the opponents’ basket to the outer edge
of the arc
 Team bench areas - marked outside the court
limited by 2 lines. There must be 16 seats
available in each team bench are (head coach,
assistant coaches, substitutes, excluded
players, accompanying delegation members)
any other persons shall be at least 2m behind
the team bench
 Throw-in lines – 2 lines of 0.15m in length
shall be marked outside the court at the
sideline opposite the scorer’s table, with outer
edge of the lines 8.325m from the inner edge
of the nearest endline
 No-charge semi-circle areas – with the radius
of 1.30m measured from the point on the court
beneath the exact center of the basket to the
outer edge of the semi-circle
 Positions of the scorer’s table and
substitution chairs
The team shall consist of the ff:
 Not more than 10 team members for games
played in halves of 20 minutes. Not more than
12 team members for games played in 4
periods of 10 minutes
 A coach, and if a team wishes, an assistant
coach. A captain, who shall be one of the team
members eligible to play
 A maximum of 5 team followers with special
responsibilities (statistician, manager, doctor,
physiotherapist and interpreter)
 Player – a team member is a player when he
is on the playing court entitled to play
 Substitute – a team member is a substitute
when he is not playing on the court or not
entitled to play
 Team – 2 guards, 2 forwards, 1 center
Position of Players
 Point guards – should be a good handlers or
dribblers and passers and he/she always direct
the attack and start most of the moves
 Shooting guard – main objective is to score
points for their team and steal the ball on
defense. They are the best shooter of the team
 Small Forwards – generally stronger and taller
than guards. They usually play in the area from
 the end line to the free throw lane, must be a - Elevate
good rebounders and long distance shooters - Follow through
 Center players – usually the tallest team  Playing Regulations
player and best rebounder - The game shall consist of 4 periods of 10
 Uniform (Shirt number) minutes
- 16cm high (back) - There shall be 2 minutes intervals 1st and
- 8cm high (front) 2nd, 3rd and 4th periods
- 2cm wide - There be half time interval of 15 minutes
- 0 and 00, 1 to 99 - If the score is tied at the end of the game
- Same team shall not wear the same there must be an extra period of 5 minutes
number - In all extra period the teams shall continue
- Advertising logo (4cm away from the to play towards the same baskets as in the
numbers) 3rd and 4th periods
 How to begin the game?
Basic Elements of Basketball - Home team shall have the choice of basket
and team bench, this choice should be
 Dribbling – the way of progress with the ball of
done 20 minutes before the game started
an individual to get free from his opponent or to
- Before the 1st and 3rd period the players are
get a proper position in passing or shooting
entitled to warm up in their own half court
 Passing – most quickest and most effective
- Teams shall exchange baskets for the 3rd
way to get the ball from player to player
period. The game cannot begin if one of the
 Shooting – most important skill in the game. It
player is not in the court
is final movement to complete the offensive
- The game officially begins with jump ball at
action in order to score a basket
the center circle
 Types of Dribbling
- Control dribble Terminologies on Basketball
- Speed dribble
- Cross-over dribble  Air ball – a shot that misses the rim or
- Behind the back dribble backboard
- Between the legs dribble  Assist – a pass to a teammate that results in a
- Spin back dribble made basket
 Types of Passing  Backboard – flat surface directly behind the
- Bounce pass basket. The basket is connected to the
- Chest pass backboard
- Overhead pass  Basket – consists of the rim and the net, also
- Baseball pass known as ‘the hoop’
- Push pass  Basketball – round ball made of rubber,
- Behind the back pass leather or synthetic leather
 Types of Shooting  Blocked Shot – the successful deflection of a
- Jump shot shot by touching part of the ball on its way to
- Underhand shot the basket, and preventing a field goal
- Lay up  Blocking – the use of a defender’s body
- Reverse lay up position to legally prevent and opponent’s
- Set shot advance
- Hook shot  Charging – an offensive foul, which occurs
- Dunk shot when an offensive player runs into a defender
 Proper Position in Shooting who has established position
- Balance
- Elbow
 Cross-over – when a ball handler dribbles the
ball across their body from one hand to the
other
 Defense – the act of preventing the offense
from scoring. Defense is the team without the
ball
 Double-dribble – the act of dribbling the ball,
stopping the dribble or motion of the ball and
beginning to dribble again
 Dribble – act of bouncing the ball up and
down. The offensive player with the ball uses
the dribble to move the ball around the court
 Dunk – shot in which a jumping player slams
the ball down into the opponent’s basket from
above
 Fastbreak – act of moving the ball quickly
down court by an offensive team in hopes of
getting ahead of the defense to score
 Field Goal – when the ball enters the basket
from above the rim during play. It is worth two
points
 Flagrant Foul – unnecessary or excessive
contact against an opponent
 Foul – actions by players, which break the
rules but are not floor violations. They are
penalized by a change in possession or free
throw opportunities
 Fouled out – a player having to leave the
game because they have committed five fouls
 Foul shot – unguarded shot taken from the
foul line by a player whose opponent
committed a personal or technical foul, which is
worth one point
 Goaltending – interference with a shot by
touching the ball or basket while the ball is
on/over/within the rim. Also touching the ball on
its downward flight to the basket
 Half-Time – the rest period between two
halves of the game. Usually 15minutes in
length
 Inbounds – area within the end lines and
sidelines of the court
 Inside Shooting – shots taken by a player
near or under the basket
 Jump Shot – filed-goal attempt by a player
with both feet off the floor, enabling the player
to shoot over the defender
 Lay-up – shot taken after driving to the basket
by leaping up under the basket and using one
hand to shoot the ball of the backboard
 Loose ball - ball that is alive but not in the
possession of either team
 Outside shooting - shots taken from the
perimeter, further away from the hoop.
 Pass - when a player throws the ball to a
teammate to advance the ball during a
possession
 Personal foul - contact between players,
which may result in excessive physical contact
or provide one team with an unfair advantage.
Players may not push, hold, trip, hack, elbow,
restrain or charge into an opponent. These are
also counted as team fouls
 Possession - to be holding or in control of the
ball
 Rebound - term used to describe the actual
retrieving of the ball as it rebounds from the
backboard or the ring after a missed shot.
 Referee - the person(s) assigned to the game
to maintain the flow and integrity of the game.
 Steal - to take the ball away from an
opponent.
 Substitute - a player who comes into the
game to replace a player on the court.
 Technical foul – a special violation called at
the discretion of the referee towards players,
coaches or the team. Infractions include an
intentional or flagrant contact foul,
unsportsmanlike conduct or other actions
detrimental to the spirit of the game.
 Throw-in - the method by which a team with
possession inbounds the ball.
 Time-out - a period of sixty seconds during
which the play is stopped and teams discuss
strategy and a moment to allow players to rest.
 Tip-off - the initial jump ball that starts the
game.
 Violation - an infringement of the rules, which
does not involve contact. The opposing team is
awarded the ball for a throw-in from out of
bounds.
Game Clock signals
 Stop the clock – open palm
 Stop the clock for foul – one clenched fist
 Start the clock – chop with hand
Scoring
 1 Point – 1 finger, ‘flag’ from wrist
 2 Points – 2 fingers, ‘flag’ from wrist
 3 Points – 3 fingers extended (one arm:
attempt) (both arms: successful)
Substitution and Time-out
 Substitution – stop the clock, cross forearms
 Beckoning-in – open palm, wave towards the
body
 Charged Time-out – stop the clock, form T,
show index finger
 Media Time-out – stop the clock, open arms
with clenched fists
Informative
 Cancel score, cancel play – scissor-like
action with arms, once across chest
 Visible Count – counting while moving the
palm
 Communication – thumb up
 Shot clock-reset – rotate hand, extend index
finger
 Direction of play and/or out-of-bounds –
point in direction of play, arm parallel to
sidelines
 Held ball/jump ball situation – stop the clock,
thumbs up, then point in direction of play using
the alternating possession arrow
Violations
 Travelling – stop the clock, rotate fists
 Double dribbling – stop the clock, patting
motion with palm
 Carrying the ball – stop the clock, half rotation
with palm
 3 seconds – stop the clock, wave arm, show 3
fingers
 5 seconds – stop the clock, show 5 fingers
 8 seconds – stop the clock, show 8 fingers
 Shot clock/24 seconds – stop the clock,
fingers touch shoulder
 Ball returned to backcourt – stop the clock,
wave arm front of body
 Deliberate kick or block of the ball – stop the
clock, point to the foot
 Goaltending/basket interference – stop the
clock, rotate fingers, extend index finger over
the other hand with a circle
Numbers of Players
 No. 0 – right hand shows number 0
 No. 00 – both hands show number 0
 No. 1-5 – right hand shows number 1 to 5
 No. 6-10 – right hand shows number 5, left
hand shows number 1-5
 No. 11-15 – right hand shows clenched fist, left
hand shows number 1-5
 No. 16 – first reverse shows number 1 for the
decade digit – then open hands show number
6 for the units’ digit
 No. 24 – first reverse hand shows number 2 for
the decade digit – then open hand shows
number 4 for the units’ digit
Types of Fouls
 Holding – stop the clock for foul, grasp wrist
downward
 Blocking - stop the clock for foul, both hands
on hips
 Pushing - stop the clock for foul, imitate push
 Handchecking - stop the clock for foul, grab
palm and forward motion
 Illegal use of hands - stop the clock for foul,
strike wrist
 Charging with the ball - stop the clock for
foul, clenched fist strike open palm
 Illegal contact to the hand - stop the clock for
foul, strike the palm towards the other forearm
 Hooking - stop the clock for foul, move lower
arm backwards
 Illegal cylinder - stop the clock for foul, move
both arms with open palm vertically down and
up
 Excessive swinging of elbow - stop the clock
for foul, swing elbow backwards
 Hit to the head - stop the clock for foul, imitate
the contact to the head
 Foul by team in control of the ball - stop the
clock for foul, point clenched fist towards
basket of offending team
 Foul on the act of shooting – stop the clock  3 free throws – 3 fingers extended on both
for foul, indication of the number of free throws hands
 Foul not on the act of shooting - stop the
clock for foul, pointing to the court

Special Fouls

 Double foul - stop the clock for foul, wave

clenched fists on both hands
 Technical foul - stop the clock for foul, form T,
showing palms
 Unsportsmanlike foul - stop the clock for foul,
grasp wrist upward
 Disqualifying foul - stop the clock for foul,
clenched fists on both hands
 Fake a foul – raise the lower arm twice
 Illegal boundary line crossing – wave arm
parallel to boundary line (in last 2 minutes of
the fourth quarter and overtime)

Instant Replay System

 IRS review – rotate hand with horizontal

extended index finger
 Head coach’s challenge – draw a rectangle in
the air

Foul Penalty Administration – Reporting to

Table

 After foul without free throw(s) – point in

direction of play, arm parallel to sidelines
 After foul by term in control of the ball –
clenched fist in direction of play, arm parallel to
sidelines
 1 free throw – hold up 1 finger
 2 free throws – hold up 2 fingers
 3 free throws – hold up 3 fingers

Administrating Free Throws – Active Referee

(Lead)

 1 free throw – 1 finger horizontal

 2 free throws – 2 finger horizontal
 3 free throws – 3 fingers horizontal

Administrating Free Throws – Passive Referee

(Trail in 2PO & Center in 3PO)

 1 free throw – index finger

 2 free throws – fingers together on both hands