BASKETBALL

BASKETBALL
BASKETBALL
BASKETBALL
BASKETBALL
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 I.I. HISTORY
HISTORY OF
OF BASKETBALL
BASKETBALL

History of basketball In early December 1891,

Canadian American Dr. James Naismith, a physical
education professor and instructor at the International
Young Men's Christian Association Training School
(YMCA) (today, Springfield College) in Springfield,
Massachusetts, USA), was trying to keep his gym class
active on a rainy day. He sought a vigorous indoor game
to keep his students occupied and at proper levels of
fitness during the long New England winters. After
rejecting other ideas as either too rough or poorly suited
to walled-in gymnasiums, he wrote the basic rules and
nailed a peach basket onto a 10-foot (3.05 m) elevated
track. In contrast with modern basketball nets, this peach
basket retained its bottom, and balls had to be retrieved
manually after each "basket" or point scored; this proved
inefficient, however, so the bottom of the basket was
removed, allowing the balls to be poked out with a long
dowel each time. Basketball was originally played with a
soccer ball. The first balls made specifically for basketball
were brown, and it was only in the late 1950s that Tony
Hinkle, searching for a ball that would be more visible to
players and spectators alike, introduced the orange ball
that is now in common use. Dribbling was not part of the
original game except for the "bounce pass" to
teammates. Passing the ball was the primary means of
ball movement..
 HISTORY
HISTORY OF
OF BASKETBALL
BASKETBALL
Dribbling was eventually introduced but
limited by the asymmetric shape of early balls. Dribbling
only became a major part of the game around the 1950s,
as manufacturing improved the ball shape. The peach
baskets were used until 1906 when they were finally
replaced by metal hoops with backboards. A further
change was soon made, so the ball merely passed
through. Whenever a person got the ball in the basket, his
team would gain a point. Whichever team got the most
points won the game. The baskets were originally nailed
to the mezzanine balcony of the playing court, but this
proved impractical when spectators on the balcony
began to interfere with shots. The backboard was
introduced to prevent this interference; it had the
additional effect of allowing rebound shots. Naismith's
handwritten diaries, discovered by his granddaughter in
early 2006, indicate that he was nervous about the new
game he had invented, which incorporated rules from a
children's game called "Duck on a Rock", as many had
failed before it. Naismith called the new game "Basket
Ball". The first official game was played in the YMCA
gymnasium in Albany, New York on January 20, 1892 with
nine players. The game ended at 1–0; the shot was made
from 25 feet (7.6 m), on a court just half the size of a
present-day Streetball or National Basketball Association
(NBA) court. By 1897–1898 teams of five became
standard.
II.
II.Basketball
Basketball Equipment
Equipment &
& Facilities
Facilities

COURT SIZE
The size of the basketball
court depends on the playing
level. The size of the court for
NBA and College games is 94
feet long and 50 feet wide. It is
smaller for High School and
Junior High competitions.

THE BLACKBOARD AND RIM

The regulation height above
the ground for the rim (hoop) is
10 feet, and the rim is 18 inches
in diameter. Backboards are 6
feet wide (72 inches) by 42 inches
tall, with the inner square being
24 inches wide by 18 inches tall.

THE FOUL LINE

For all size courts the 'foul
line' is 15 feet in front of the
backboard.
 Basketball
Basketball Equipment
Equipment &
& Facilities
Facilities
THE KEY
The key is 12 feet wide and is
the same for all basketball courts.
The backboard extends 4 feet out
over the baseline into the key. A half
circle of diameter 6 feet extends
from the foul line away from the
basket to complete the key.
THE 3 POINT LINE
For NBA Basketball Courts the
3 point arc is 22 feet to the center
of the rim on the sides with a
straight line extending out 16 feet 9
inches from the baseline. Past
those points, the line extends out
23 feet 9 inches from the center of
the rim.
BASKETBALL BALL

A ball used in basketball

games has different sizes
according to different federations
in which it's used.

BASKETBALL - MOUTHGUARD
Mouth guard covers teeth
and gums and is used by players to
protect their teeth, arches, lips
and gums from injuries.
 Basketball
Basketball Equipment
Equipment &
& Facilities
Facilities
BASKETBALL - SHOES
Basketball players wear
shoes with air-cushioned soles
that provide comfort during
fast-moving play.

BASKETBALL- CLOTHS
Players wear loose-fitting,
lightweight vests or tank tops
and shorts that provide total
freedom of body movement.

TIME DURATION
The game duration usually
includes four quarters of 10 minutes each
according to FIBA rules and four quarters
of 12 minutes each according to NBA.
College men’s matches use two halves of
20 minutes and women’s matches use 10-
minute quarters.

SCORING Every free throw is awarded

one point, 2-points are awarded for
any field goal scored from inside the 3-
point line and 3-points are awarded for
every basket made from a throw
behind the 3-points arc. To score more
points than the opponent team by
scoring more baskets.
III. BASIC SKILLS IN BASKETBALL
DRIBBILING
is important to penetrate to the
hoop, move the ball across the court, get
away from the defense, and find a good
passing lane. There are different types of
dribbles:
change-of-pace, crossover dribble,
behind the back, pull back dribble,
low dribble, basic dribble,
between the legs dribble

PASSING A good offensive attack requires good

passing from players. This helps find
an open man, to find a good shooter
or to get away from a defender. There
are several types of passes you need
to learn:
Overhead Pass Chest Pass
Push Pass Baseball Pass
Off-the-Dribble Pass Bounce Pass

SHOOTING
- The object of the game is to win by
scoring the most points. Therefore,
improving the team's shooting is
important to win a game. There are
several ways to score in the game:
Jump Shot Dunk
Alley-oop Free throw
Layup Three-Point Shot
Hook Shot
 BASIC SKILLS IN BASKETBALL
REBOUNDING

is essential to gain or regain

possession after the shot. Usually, the team
that has the most number of rebounds after
the game has more shot attempts and
chances to score.

OFFENSE
is the only chance that the
team has a shot at the basket and
scoring. Playing a good offense
requires coordination among players
and individual skill to execute well
plays.:

DEFENSE
To be able to get a chance to
score and gain possession, the team
should play good defense and try to
stop their opponent from scoring.
As said, "A good defense is a good
offense."

MOVES
Different kinds of basketball moves
are important in executing both a good
offense and a good defense. Moves are
helpful in finding an open man, making a
good shot or create an amazing play.
 BASIC SKILLS IN BASKETBALL
VIOLATION
Knowing the kinds of basketball
violations improves your game.

ASSIST

- is given to a teammate to help him score

easily. Thus is it important to find an open
man on the court

FOUL
- is often an accidental contact made by the
defender to his opponent or an aggressive
move by the ball-handler towards his
defender. However, a foul is also used as a
strategy to stop the clock or to keep the
shooting player from scoring easily. Learning
how to use your fouls well is important in the
game.
 IV. TERMINOLOGY IN BASKETBALL
A
Airball: A shot that misses the rim or backboard.
· Alive: Offensive player who has the ball and has not dribbled.
· Alternating Possession Rule: The possession arrow changes direction after each subsequent jump ball
or held ball situation, alternating which team gets possession for the throw-in. The first possession after a
held ball goes to the team that lost the opening jump ball to begin the game.
· Assist A pass to a teammate that results in a made basket.
B
· Backboard: The flat surface directly behind the basket. The basket is connected to the backboard.
· Backdoor: An offensive move where a player cuts behind the defenders and receives a pass for a field-
goal attempt.
· Ball Handler: The player with the ball. Usually the guard at the start of the play.
· Bank Shot: A shot where the ball is first bounced or banked off the backboard at such an angle that it
then drops into the basket.
· Basket: Consists of the rim and the net, also known as ‘the hoop’.
· Basketball: A round ball made of rubber, leather, or synthetic leather. Comes in 3 different sizes (size
5, 6, or 7).
· Blind Pass: A pass from a ball handler who does not see their receiver but is estimating where they
should be.
· Blocked Shot: The successful deflection of a shot by touching part of the ball on its way to the basket,
and preventing a field goal.
· Blocking: The use of a defender’s body position to legally prevent an opponent’s advance. It is the
opposite of charging.
· Boards: The backboard to which the ring or basket is attached or slang for a ‘rebound’ – the act of a
player grabbing the ball after a missed shot attempt.
· Boxing out: The defensive player turns and faces the basket following a shot and with his or her back
to the opponent, and ensures that the player being guarded can’t ‘rebound’ the ball.

C
· Charging: An offensive foul, occurs when an offensive player runs into a defender who has established
position.
· Court vision: A player’s ability to see everything on the court during play.
· Crossover dribble: When a ball handler dribbles the ball across their body from one hand to the other.
· Cut: A quick movement by an offensive player without the ball to gain an advantage over the defense
usually directed toward the basket.
D
· Dead: The offensive player has the ball and has already used their dribble. They must now either pass
or shoot the ball.
· Dead Ball: Any player with the ball that is not ‘live’. This occurs after each successful field goal, free-
throw attempt, after any official’s whistle or if the ball leaves the court, then play is stopped.
Defense: The act of preventing the offense from scoring. Defense is the team without the ball.
· Down court: The direction a team on offense moves, from its backcourt to its frontcourt and towards its
own basket.
· Double Dribble: The act of dribbling the ball, stopping the dribble or motion of the ball and beginning to
dribble again. Results in a violation and turnover.
· Downtown: Referred to as a shot that was considered to distant for the normal shooter to take or in the
‘3-point’ area.
· Dribble: The act of bouncing the ball up and down. The offensive player with the ball uses the dribble to
move the ball around the court.
 IV. TERMINOLOGY IN BASKETBALL
• Drive: The movement of an offensive player while aggressively dribbling towards the basket in an attempt
to score.
• Dunk: A shot in which a jumping player slams the ball down into the opponent’s basket from above.
E
• Established Position: When a defensive player has both feet firmly planted on the floor before an offensive
player’s head and shoulder gets past them. The offensive player who runs into such a defender is charging.
• Exhibition Game: The act of playing another team and the outcome not being counted in any league
standings.
F
• Fake: A movement made with the aim of deceiving an opponent. This can be done with either a pass or a
shot fake.
• Fastbreak: The act of moving the ball quickly down court by an offensive team in hopes of getting ahead of
the defense to score.
• Feed: To pass the ball to a teammate who is in a scoring position.
• Field Goal: When the ball enters the basket from above the rim during play. It is worth two points.
• Flagrant Foul: This is unnecessary or excessive contact against an opponent.
• Floor: The area of the court within the end lines and the sidelines.
• Floor Violation: A player’s action that violates rules but does not prevent an opponent’s movement
(traveling, double dribble, etc.). They are penalized by a loss in possession.
• Foul: Actions by players, which break the rules but are not floor violations. They are penalized by a change
in possession or free throw opportunities.
• Fouled Out: A player having to leave the game because they have committed five fouls.
• Foul Shot or Free Throw: An unguarded shot taken from the foul line by a player whose opponent
committed a personal or technical foul, which is worth one point.
• Free Ball: A ball, which is in play but is not in the possession of either team, also called a ‘loose ball’.
• Free Throw: The act of shooting the ball from the marked free throw line (ranging 10-15 feet from the
basket) while the remaining players line up down the ‘key’. Shot is taken at the result of a foul or technical
foul being called.
G
• Give and Go: An offensive play in which a player passes the ball to a teammate and cuts towards the basket
for a return pass to score.
• Goaltending: Interference with a shot by touching the ball or basket while the ball is on, over, or within the
rim. Also touching the ball on its downward flight to the basket before it hits the rim.
• Guarding: The act of following an opponent around the court to prevent them from getting close to the
basket, taking an open short or making easy passes.
H
• Half time: The rest period between two halves of the game. Usually 5 minutes in length.
• Hand checking: Illegal use of hands, usually on the back or hips of the offensive player.
• High percentage shot: A shot that is likely to go in the basket, typically taken near the hoop.
• High post: A player who is stationed in or near the free throw semicircle on offense.
• Hoop: The basketball rim and backboard players shoot the ball towards in attempt to score points. Also
referred to as the ‘basket’.
I
· In the Paint: Being in the large rectangle area under each basket or the foul lane area, which is painted a
different color. AKA ‘the key’.
· Inbounds: The area within the end lines and sidelines of the court.
· Incidental Contact: Minor contact usually overlooked by officials which does not give the opposing team
an unfair advantage or affect the outcome of the game.
· Inside Shooting: Shots taken by a player near or under the basket.
J
· Jump shot: Field-goal attempt by a player with both feet off the floor, enabling the player to shoot over
the defender.
L
Lay-up or Lay in: A shot taken after driving to the basket by leaping up under the basket and using one hand
to shoot the ball off the backboard
 IV. TERMINOLOGY IN BASKETBALL
· Loose Ball: A ball that is alive but not in the possession of either team.
· Lower Percentage shot: A shot that is less likely to go in the basket, usually taken further away from the
hoop.
M
· Match-ups: Any pairing of players on opposing teams who guard each other.
N
O
· Outlet Pass: The first pass made after a defensive rebound to a teammate to start a fastbreak.
· Outside Shooting: Shots taken from the perimeter, further away from the hoop.
P
· Pass: When a player throws the ball to a teammate to advance the ball during a possession.
· Personal Foul: Contact between players, which may result in excessive physical contact or provide one
team with an unfair advantage. Players may not push, hold, trip, hack, elbow, restrain or charge into an
opponent. These are also counted as team fouls.
· Pivot: A center, also the foot that must remain touching the floor until a ball handler who has stopped
dribbling is ready to pass or shoot.
· Possession: To be holding or in control of the ball.
· Post Position: The position of a player standing in the low post or high post in the ‘key’ area near the hoop.
Q
R
· Rebound: A term used to describe the actual retrieving of the ball as it rebounds from the backboard or
the ring after a missed shot.
· Receiver: The player who receives a pass from the ball handler.
· Referee: The person(s) assigned to the game to maintain the flow and integrity of the game.
S
· Sag: When a defender moves away from their opponent toward the basket they are defending.
· Scrimmage: Practice play between squads of one team.
· Shooter: A player who takes a shot at the basket in attempts to score.
· Shooter’s roll: This is the ability to get even an inaccurate shot to bounce lightly off the rim and into the
basket.
· Shooting Range: The distance from which a player is likely to make their shots.
· Squaring up: When a player’s shoulders are facing the basket as they release the ball for a shot. This is
considered good shooting position.
· Steal: To take the ball away from an opponent.
· Strong Side/Weak Side: Whichever side of the key that the ball is on when on offense is called the strong
side. The other side is the weak side. If the ball changes sides, the weak side is now the strong side.
· Substitute: A player who comes into the game to replace a player on the court.
· Switch: Two defensive players change checks during live play.
T
· Technical Foul: A special violation called at the discretion of the referee towards players, coaches or the
team. Infractions include an intentional or flagrant contact foul, unsportsmanlike conduct or other actions
detrimental to the spirit of the game.
· Throw-in: The method by which a team with possession inbounds the ball.
· Time-out: A period of sixty seconds during which the play is stopped and teams discuss strategy and a
moment to allow players to rest.
· Tip-off: The initial jump ball that starts the game.
· Trailer: An offensive player that follows behind the ball-handler.
V
· Violation: An infringement of the rules, which does not involve contact. The opposing team is awarded the
ball for a throw-in from out of bounds.
VI. HAND SIGNAL IN BASKETBALL

Pushing – To signal a pushing foul, the official will have

both hands extended straight in front of him, with his
palms facing outward.

Intentional Foul – When a player commits an

intentional foul, the official will put both arms above his
head and cross them.

Technical Foul – To signal a technical foul has occurred

the referee will place both his hands in front of him and
put them in the formation of a letter “T”.

Double Foul – If two players have committed a foul at

the same time, the referee will put both hands, in fists,
extended out towards the sides.

Illegal Hand Use – An illegal hand use foul is signaled by

the official putting both of his hands in front of him, at
waist level, and grabbing one of his wrists with the
other hand.
VI. HAND SIGNAL IN BASKETBALL
Traveling – When a player has committed a traveling
violation, the official will signal it by placing both of his
hands in front of him and moving them in a circle.

Carrying or Palming – In order to signal a palming or

carrying violation, the referee will have one hand at the
side, flipped over from palm up to palm down.

Double Dribble – The official will signal a double dribble

violation has been committed by putting both of his
hands in front of him, with palms down, and alternating
them up and down, as if dribbling a basketball.

Three Seconds – The official will indicate that a player

has committed a three second violation by having three
fingers raised, and the hand makes a swiping motion
back and forth at the side.

Five Seconds – In order to signal a five second violation

the official will have five fingers raised with arm
extended upward.
VI. HAND SIGNAL IN BASKETBALL
Ten Seconds – The ten second violation is shown when
the official has ten fingers raised with both arms
extended upwards.

Kicking the Ball – When a player kicks the ball, the

referee will have one foot raised in front.

Two-Point Basket Scored – When a two-point basket is

scored, the official will extend one arm parallel to the
floor and point with two fingers.

Three Point Basket Scored – The official will extend

both arms directly upwards with fingers pointed to
signify that a player has scored a Three Point Basket.

Counting – The referee indicates he is counting for a

timed violation by moving his hand back and forth from
the middle of the chest to straight in front
continuously. Each movement represents one second.
VI. HAND SIGNAL IN BASKETBALL
Basket Counts – To indicate a basket counts, when a
foul has also occurred, the referee will drop his hand
from shoulder height directly down.

Basket Does Not Count – To “wave off” a basket, or

indicate it does not count because a foul has
occurred, the referee will start with both hands at the
shoulders, elbows out, and extend hands out directly
towards the side.

Bonus Free Throws – When a player at the free throw

line is to be awarded a bonus free throw, the official
will extend both of his arms out to his sides
completely straight and then move one up and down.

Lane Violation – If a player is shooting a free throw

and a lane violation occurs, the referee will signal it by
raising one of his arms out to his side and holding it
there until the free throw is completed.

Stop Clock – To stop the clock at any point in the

game, the referee will raise one hand straight over
head with his palms facing out and finger tips pointed.
VI. HAND SIGNAL IN BASKETBALL
Start Clock – Beginning with one hand raised above
the head, the start of the clock is indicated by
dropping the raised hand directly towards t’.

Full Timeout – When an official wishes to signal for a

full timeout it is indicated by two arms spread to the
sides forming a “T” shape.

Thirty-Second Timeout – To indicate a thirty-second

timeout has been called by one of the teams, the
official will take both hands and place them on top of
his shoulders with his elbows out.

Jump Ball – When both players have control over the

ball at the same time, it is indicated by both thumbs
pointing upwards with arms extended.

Substitution – If a substitute player wishes to enter

the game it is indicated by having one hand facing the
timekeeper, raised in a “stop” manner, and the other
hand waving the substitute player into the game.
.
VI. HAND SIGNAL IN BASKETBALL
Player Control Foul (Charge) – One hand on the back
of the head and the other pointing in the opposite
direction of the play indicates a charge call has been
made.

Hand Check – When a player commits a hand check

foul, it is signaled by having one arm extended in front
of the chest with the fingers up, and the other arm
grabbing the wrist.

Blocking – If a defensive player commits a blocking

foul the official will have both hands, in fists, touching
his hips, and his elbows in tight against his body.

Holding – The holding signal is made by having one

arm extended upwards in front of the face, and the
other hand grabbing the wrist.