HISTORY OF BASKETBALL

Basketball is built into the fabric of Springfield College. The game was invented by Springfield College
instructor and graduate student James Naismith in 1891, and has grown into the worldwide athletic
phenomenon we know it to be today.

James Naismith
(Born November 6, 1861,
Almonte, Ontario, Canada—
died November 28,
1939, Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.)

How James Naismith invented Basketball?

Naismith decided to invent a game of skill, finesse, and accuracy, rather than one that relied on pure
strength. He was inspired by a game he had played as a child called “duck on a rock," in which players
lob a small rock at a "duck" placed on top of a large rock in an attempt to knock the "duck" off.

WHAT IS BASKETBALL? .
Basketball is a sport where two teams compete to score the most points, with the objective of shooting a
ball into a hoop to gain points.

HOW TO PLAY THE BASKETBALL?

The game is played on a rectangular court with a hoop on each end. Players move the ball up the court
by passing or bouncing it while walking or running. They score two points for shooting the ball into the hoop,
or three points if they shoot it behind the three-point-line. There are players for each team in a basketball court
at a time, with around seven substitutes per team on the bench

WHAT IS THE SIZE OF BASKETBALL COURT?

A basketball court is 91.86ft long and 49.21ft wide.
SIZE OF THE RIM & NET (BASKETBALL)
WHAT ARE 5 PROPER TECHNIQUES FOR DRIBBLING A BASKETBALL?

Basics of dribbling a basketball

1. Use your fingers instead of your palm. You will find
it easiest to control the basketball if you hold it with
the tips of your fingers. ...
2. Keep your knees bent. ...
3. Your back should be straight. ...
4. Keep your eyes up. ...
5. Dribble the ball below the waist or knees.

WHAT ARE THE 4 BASIC TYPES OF DRIBBLING?

4 Basic Types of Dribbles:
 Control Dribble.
 Power Dribble.
 Speed Dribble.
 Crossover Dribble.

TYPES OF PASSES

There are essentially two types of passes:

 Air Pass - The pass travels between players without hitting the floor.
 Bounce Passes - The pass is thrown to the floor so that it bounces to the intended receiver.

Basic Passes
1. CHEST PASS
- The chest pass is named so because the pass originates from the chest. It is thrown by gripping the ball on the sides
with the thumbs directly behind the ball.

2. BOUNCE PASS
- The bounce pass is thrown with the same motion however it is aimed at the floor. It should be
thrown far enough out that the ball bounces waist high to the receiver.

3. OVERHEAD PASS
- The overhead pass is often used as an outlet pass. Bring the ball directly above your forehead with
both hands on the side of the ball and follow through. Aim for the teammate's chin.

4. BASEBALL PASS
A baseball pass is a one-handed pass that uses the same motion as a baseball throw. This is often
used to make long passes. Be careful with young kids. You don't want them throw their arms out.

FEW COMMONLY USED TYPES OF SHOOTING IN BASKETBALL.

1. JUMP SHOT
- A jump shot is most frequently used for a mid to long-range shots, including shooting beyond the
arc.
2. HOOK SHOT
- A hook shot is when the shot is made while your body is not directly facing the basket.
3. BANK SHOT
 - A bank shot is when any shot made where the ball hits the backboard before heading into the net.
4. FREE THROW
- A free throw is a shot attempt given to a player that was fouled and it is taken on the free throw line.
The player must stay behind the free throw line when taking the shot.
5. LAYUP
- A layup is a shot made from short range by a player moving towards the basket. Usually utilising the
backboard if he approaches the hoop from an angle. This is also one of the most basic and common
way of scoring a basket in the game.
6. SLAM DUNK
- The dunk is usually the most spectacular shot and is one of the toughest feats in basketball. It usually
requires more jumping ability than shooting skills.

WHAT IS DEFENSE IN BASKETBALL?

- A basketball defense refers to the defensive strategies, alignments, and positioning that a team uses to
prevent the opposing offense from scoring baskets. In basketball, good defense requires quickness,
footwork, and a deep understanding of the fundamentals.
-
MAN-TO-MAN DEFENSE: Man-to-man defense is a defensive formation in which a coach assigns each
player on the line-up a specific offensive player to follow and defend on the court. For example, a small
forward will guard a small forward in this defense.

ZONE DEFENSE: Zone defense is a defensive formation in which a coach assigns each player to cover a
specific area of the court. In a zone scheme, a defender begins to guard an opponent when the opponent enters
the defender's designated zone.

COMBINATION DEFENSE: A combination defense (also called a junk defense) is a combination of man-
to-man and zone defensive schemes.

FULL-COURT PRESS DEFENSE: A full-court press is a defensive strategy where the defense applies
constant pressure to the offensive team across the entire length of the court, beginning with the initial inbound
pass (also called a throw-in).

HALF-COURT PRESS DEFENSE: A half-court press is a defensive strategy where the defense applies
pressure to the offense as soon as they begin to dribble or pass the ball over the half-court line.
WHAT ARE THE LINES ON BASKETBALL COURT?
Important to lines to understand…

1
4

1. THE BASELINES (END LINES) –it is located at the end of the court. The baseline denote inbounds and
out of bounds on each side of the court. If the ball goes out of bounds across the baselines, players will stand
behind the baseline and to the side of the background to inbound the ball.
2. SIDELINES- on the side of the court are the sidelines. Like the baselines, the sidelines mark the boundaries
between inbounds and out of bounds. If a player steps on these lines or crosses them, he is out of bounds.
3. BOUNDERIES LINES –the sidelines and baselines make up the perimeter of a basketball court. Together,
they form the boundary lines dividing the court between inbounds and out of bounds. If the ball or a player in
possession of the ball touches any boundary line. They will be called out of bounds, and the ball will be given to
the opposing team.
4. FREE THROW LINE –also called the foul line, is used by players during free thrown when a player is
fouled while in the shooting motion, after a technical or flagrant foul, or when a team is in the bonus. If awarded
a free throw, a player will stand behind the foul line and shoot an uncontested shot that is worth one point.
5. LANE LINES (PAINT OR KEY) – are two lines that perpendicularly attach to the baselines and free thro
lines. The rectangular area created by the free throw line and two lane lines is usually painted and referred to as
either the “key” or the “paint”
6. MIDCOURT LINE (HALF-COURT LINE) –it is located in the middle of the court and divides it equally
into two pieces. It is known as the half-court line. The midcourt line is used to equally divide the court and to
call backcourt violations, which happen when a team with possession crosses mid-court and brings back into
their side of the court with =out the other team touching it.
7. THREE POINT LINE –three-point arc, surrounds each team’s basket. It is used to determine how many
points a field goal is worth. If a shot is taken outside the three-point line and goes into the basket, a team will
earn three points.

The radius of the three-point line at each level of basketball as follows:

 - NBA: 23 feet, 9 inches
- FIBA, WNBA, & College: 22 feet. 2 inches
- High School: 19 feet, 9 inches
 THE RESTRICTED AREA- in this area, offensive charging fouls are not called. A defender inside or
on the restricted are is not considered a legal guarding position and cannot draw a charging foul from
their opponent.

 THE HASH MARK- are small lines connected to the lane lines. They run in rows towards the basket
on either side of the free throw line. These lines denote where the non-shooting players should stand
during a free throw.

The main FIBA, NBA and Rule differences are summarised in the following table:

RULES FIBA NBA

Playing Time 4x10 minutes 4x12 minutes
5 minutes over time (OT) 5 minutes over-time
Shot clock 24 seconds 24 seconds
After offensive rebound: 14 seconds
3-point line 6.75m (6.60 on baseline) 7.24m (6.70m on baseline)
Time-outs 2 in first half 6 regular
3 in second half (but only 2 in last two 2 per OT period
minutes of the 4th period) = 60 or 100 seconds
1 per OT period + 1 short time-out (20 seconds) per
Always 60 seconds half
Never carried over The second short time-out can be
carried over to OT period
!!! additional regulations
 Jump ball and Jump ball to star game
alternating The one losing initial jump ball gets
position possession for the next jump ball
situation
Alternating possession between teams
thereafter for all jump ball situations
Individual foul Foul out on 5 (personal and technical)
Team fouls and 2 free-throws awarded for each (non-
bonus free-throws shooting) foul after the 4th period
(includes player technical fouls)
Does not include offensive fouls/fouls
by team in possession
Technical foul 1 free throw and possession of the ball
(penalty) at centre
Jump ball to star game
The one losing initial jump ball gets
possession to start 2nd and 4th
quarters
The one winning initial jump ball
gets possession to start 3rd quarter
All other jump ball situations played
as "real jump ball"
Foul out on 6 or 2 technical
2 free-throws awarded for each foul
after the 4th team foul or last two
minutes of each quarter, whichever
comes first
Does not include offensive fouls and
technical fouls
1 free throw per technical foul; play
resumes at the point of interruption;
foul is charged to individual in
question (and automatic fine
assessed)

Goaltending/baske No blocking a ball in downward flight No blocking a ball in downward

t interference towards the rim. flight towards the rim.

Once the ball strikes the rim, any An imaginary cylinder exists that has
player can play the ball (i.e. swat it the basket as its base. Touching the
away or tap it in) ball while any part of it is in this
cylinder (and still has a chance to go
in) is a violation
Zone defense Legal Legal but…
defensive player may not stay in the
lane (a.k.a. key, restricted area) for
longer than three seconds if he is not
actively guarding an opponent

Player numbers 00, 0, 1-99 Any one or two digit number

BASKETBALL
FOULS

Basketball has many rules to keep competition fair and players safe. When a player breaks a minor rule, it is
called a violation. Breaking a more serious rule is called a foul. Find a complete list of all types of fouls in
basketball.
FOULS
A foul in basketball is a rule-breaking action that result in a loss of possession and possible free throws.
THERE ARE MULTIPLE CATEGORIES OF FOULS…
1. PERSONAL FOULS: a foul that is physical in nature, like grabbing and pushing.
2. FLAGRANT FOULS: a foul that involves extraordinary violent contact with an opposing player or
dangerous, non-basketball play.
3. TECHNICAL FOULS: a foul that is unsportsmanlike, including screaming at the referee or an
opponent.

In the NBA, if a player commits six fouls in a game, they are disqualified from playing in the rest of the
game. Players can also foul out FIBA and college basketball, but the foul limit is five fouls.

The REFEREES in basketball are responsible for calling fouls and violations throughout the game.
The CREW CHIEF in the head official and makes the final decisions on the court.

FOULS are different from rule violations. A foul counts towards a players or team’s overall foul count,
while a rule violation will typically only result in a turnover. Violations such as shot clock violations, three-
second violations, and traveling do not count as fouls.

TYPE OF FOULS
1. BLOCKING FOUL – is an illegal act that will be called on a defensive player who does not get into
position in time prior to the dibbler moving in that direction.

Ex of Blocking Foul
- If there is a tie and both players seems to be in the right.
- A defensive player position himself in the restricted area.
- The dribbler is moving in the direction of the basket in a straight line at a high speed and has picked up
their dribble before a defensive player is in position

2. CHARGING FOUL – is called on the dribbler if he collides with a defensive player who has established
a legal position on his way to the basket.
“Legal position” entails having the feet fully set and the torso in between the offensive player and the
basket. The defending player cannot be in the act of shuffling or moving into position, as they must be set and
still prior to the contact.
 Ex of Charging Fouls
- The dribbler runs into a defensive player who has established a legal defensive position.
- The dribbler does not dribble in a straight line towards the basket before running into a player.
- The defender has both feet planted outside the restricted area prior to the dribbler moving in that
direction.

3. DEFENSIVE FOUL – is committed by a defensive player. There are three main types of fouls: personal,
technical, and flagrant fouls. Any of these fouls can be committed by a player on defense, but the term
“defensive foul” is usually reserved for personal fouls by a player on defense.

4. DOUBLE FOUL –is a situation in which two opponents commit personal fouls against each other at
approximately the same time. In the case of a double foul, fouls are recorded, no free throws are awarded, and
play shall resume at the point of interruption.

5. FLAGRANT FOUL – is a foul assessed to any player who makes unnecessary, unsportsmanlike, or
excessive contact with another player.

2 types of Flagrant
5.1. Flagrant 1 is any foul as a result of contact that is deemed unnecessary or unsportsmanlike,
5.2. Flagrant 2 includes the excessive classification.

6. ILLEGAL SCREEN FOUL –is a penalty that occurs when the screener (the player who sets the screen) is
in violation of the rules for setting screens.
7. INTENTIONAL FOUL –is foul that is deemed to have been committed purposefully. Also known as “take”
fouls.

8. LOOSE BALL –is a foul committed while both teams are contesting possession of the ball, or a foul of any
kind that is committed while the ball is loose.

9. OFFENSIVE FOULS – the offending player is charged with a personal foul, but their team is not charged
with team foul.
- The most common offensive foul include charging, illegal screens and illegal contact.

10. PERSONAL FOUL –is called on any player that makes illegal physical contact with another player on the
court using any part of their body to impede their movement.

11. REACH IN FOUL – is when the defensive player "reaches in" and tries to steal the ball away from the
offensive player.
12. SHOOTING FOUL – when a defensive player makes illegal physical contact with a player a shooting the
ball, they will be called for shooting foul. There are two different times when shooting fouls occur: during
three-proint shots and two-points shots.

13. TECHNICAL FOUL – is the only type of foul that does not come from explicit physical contact of
opposing players during the game. Two technical fouls to an individual player or coach within a single game
warrants ejection from the rest of the game.

REFEREE- The referee enforces the rules of the game and in a game will make hundreds of decisions –
determining when a violation or foul occurs and then stopping the game to issue the correct penalty.

HAND SIGNALS OF REFERREE

\

SIZES OF A BALL IN BASKETBALL

 BASIC POSITION IN BASKETBALL
A basketball team can have a lot of players, but only five can play in a game at any one time. Players in a
basketball game have assigned basketball positions: center, power forward, small forward, point guard, and
shooting guard.

1. Center

 The center is the tallest player on each team, playing near the basket. On offense, the center tries to score
on close shots and rebound. But on defense, the center tries to block opponents’ shots and rebound their
misses.

2. Power Forward

 The power forward does many of the things a center does, playing near the basket while rebounding and
defending taller players. But power forwards also take longer shots than centers.

3. Small Forward

 The small forward plays against small and large players. They roam all over on the court. Small forwards
can score from long shots and close ones.

4. Point Guard

 The point guard runs the offense and usually is the team’s best dribbler and passer. The point guard
defends the opponent’s point guard and tries to steal the ball.

5. Shooting Guard

 The shooting guard is usually the team’s best shooter. The shooting guard can make shots from long
distance and also is a good dribbler.
 REFERENCES

https://wonderopolis.org/wonder/who-invented-
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https://www.rookieroad.com/basketball/fouls/#fouls
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https://jr.nba.com/basketball-
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ard.&text=The%20center%20is%20the%20tallest,team%2C%20playing%20near%20the%20basket.
https://www.usab.com/youth/news/2010/04/basketball-101-fundamentals-of-
passing.aspx#:~:text=There%20are%20essentially%20two%20types,bounces%20to%20the%20intended%20rec
eiver.
https://www.myactivesg.com/sports/basketball/training-methods/basketball-for-beginners/the-different-types-
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