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Ethnoveterinary knowledge (EVK) – have been in use since dawn of history. Before the
invention of modern commercial medicines in the area of animal husbandry people
were using EVK. Even today some people are still using the EVK. Some of the reasons
listed below are being attached to the use of EVK.
Many people have now understood the evolution of EVK, application and management
and are eager for adoption. Hence the intention of this module guideline to sustainable
animal health care systems through the provision and implementation of EVK to meet
emerging needs of local and international concerns access to basic, cheaper and
effective animal health care systems for poverty eradication and improved standards of
living.
The impact of these inadequate animal health care drugs had a huge impact on the
resource poor subsistence farmers who have abandoned their traditional farming
system. Experience suggests that many rural and marginalized areas are resource poor
and their areas are trivial, currently hastened by improper use of animal heath care
systems and unavailability of animal medicines. EVK provide a solution.
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Promotion modern medicines in animal health acre systems has led to loss of heirloom
indigenous knowledge, which together with traditional farming systems used to ensure
food security even in times of drought.
Most farmers who solely depend on commercial medicines are in danger since there are
sometimes not available on the market. So the reintroduction of EVK is advantageous
especially when commercial medicines became scarce, leading to ridiculous increase in
price and become very expensive. In addition, the use of commercial medicines to
control ticks, pests and diseases disrupts the natural relationships between predators and
prey and they are causing a great threat to both terrestrial and aquatic life.
Activities
Can you outline the Pros and cons of both EVK and conventional medicine?
List the important steps for encouraging the use of indigenous knowledge systems in
animal health & production
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Unit 2
Definitions of EVK
Many authors have defined EVK medicine and listed below are the some of the definitions:
1. Mukandiwa 2008 defined EVK as Utilization of folk beliefs, Knowledge, skills, methods, and
practices pertaining to health of animal
2. Matthias 2008 defined EVK as Traditional practice used by animal keepers all over the world to
keep their animal health and production control and treat diseases
3. It is the knowledge that relates to farm based strategies of animal care of non-industrialized
livestock and agricultural systems.
4. It is the fusion of traditional and western information on environment, marketing, animal health
nutrition, diseases copying management practices.
5. It is that knowledge that is experimental, magical, mystical and tradition in animal health care.
EVK discovered
Advantages of EVK
Most of the staff used are locally available
They are organic in nature hence biodegradable
Most of the are easily accessible
Inexpensive
Safe to use.
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Interferes with biodiversity. How?
Little or no documentation
Knowledge entrusted to a few special individuals
Little known about efficacy & inclusion level
Disadvantages
Inhibitory cost and unavailability
Requirement of foreign currency
Disposal problems
Development of pest resistance
Residual effect in products
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Way Forward
Carry out research on EVK to understand the science, validate procedures
Document & avail the information. How?
Differentiate between herbal medicines, ritual medicines & witchcraft
Need an integrated approach between orthodox vet medicine & EVK
Unit 3
EVK Database
EVK Database table
EN : Bitter apple AN: Bovine, goats, sheep Ticks: take fruits and pound
SN : Nhundurwa TO: Eyes them with water them and
NN : intume apply in the affected eye.
BN : For ticks smear the remedy
at infected area
EN : African AN: Bovine, goats, sheep Ticks: take unripe fruits and
SN : Matamba TO: reproductive organs mix with water for 24 hours
NN : Umhlali Skin for ticks and then spray.
BN : Strychnos pungens Fertility: mix roots and
leaves and made animal to
drink can cure fertility
disorders
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SN : Mabhanana pigs wounds
NN : ibhanana TO: External , bites Banana roots can also be
BN : used against snake bites
EN : AN: Bovine, goats, sheep, Crush fresh fruits and add
SN : Gusha TO: Internal water and let the animals
NN : drink for treatment against
BN : Sesenum anguistifolis Newcastle diseases
EN : AN: Rabits, Mbira Feed fresh leaves of
SN : Gomarara TO: Reproductive Loranthus Spp to rabbits
NN : igumalala
BN : Loranthus Spp
EN : AN: Bovine, goats, sheep Add fresh roots to water
SN : Magaka enyoka Rabbits, Mbira and apply against snake
NN : ukudla kwenyoka TO: Bites bites
BN : Amaranthus nesia
EN : Casturd apple AN: Bovine, goats, sheep Add fresh roots to water
SN : Muroro Rabbits, Mbira and apply against snake
NN : TO: Bites bites
BN : Anono squamosa
EN : AN: Bovine, goats, sheep Crush fresh stem and leaves
SN : Murenja Rabbits, Mbira and apply to birth canal
NN : TO: Bites effective for delayed
BN : casias spp parturition
EN : Baobab AN: Bovine, goats, sheep The fruits can be fed to
SN : Muuyu TO: internal animals and can increase
NN : umkhomo milk flow
BN : Adansonia digitata
EN : AN: Bovine, goats, sheep, The bark can be used to
SN : Batanai Rabbits, Mbira bandage the fracture
NN : babophlum spp TO: Fracture
BN : ansellia gigantea
EN : AN: Bovine, goats, sheep, Split the stem and bandage
SN : Mushamba Rabbits, Mbira the fracture two halves
NN : TO: Fracture parallel to each other on the
BN : lanea discoder fracture
EN : AN: Bovine, goats, sheep, Feed the animal with the
SN : Ivhu remazimgizi Rabbits, Mbira soil for delayed parturition
NN : idlu yomuzemuze TO: Fracture
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fracture
EN : hissing tree AN: Poultry a Bark can crushed and mixed
SN : Muchakata TO: External with water for Coccidiosis
NN : umkhuna
BN : Parinari curatillifolia
EN : Wild fig tree AN: Poultry a Bark can crushed and mixed
SN : Murovamhuru TO: Internal with water for Coccidiosis
NN : umkhiwa
BN : Ficus spp
EN : Ash AN: Bovine, goats, sheep, Split the stem and bandage
SN : Dota Rabbits, Mbira the fracture two halves
NN : umlotha TO: Fracture parallel to each other on the
fracture
EN : AN: Bovine, goats, sheep, Mix the remedy with water
SN : Chin’ai TO: Internal and made animal to drink
NN : isingayi effective against blotting
and lantana poisoning.
EN : blood tree AN: Bovine, goats, sheep The bark can be used for
SN : Mubvamaropa TO: Internal delayed parturition
NN : umvagazi
BN : pterocarpus angolensis
EN : Nastatium AN: Bovine, goats, sheep Feed the animal with the
SN : TO: Internal fruits or crush the fruits and
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NN : let the animal drink the
BN : remedy used as a dewormer
and ad also as an antibiotic
EN : AN: Bovine, goats, sheep It has accarcidal properties.
SN : Zumbani TO: External The leaves can be pounded
NN : and add water the remedy
BN : Lipia javanica can be applied to tick
infected areas.
EN : AN: Poultry
SN : Murumanyama TO: Internal
NN :
BN :
EN : AN: Poultry
SN : Mudyamhembwe TO: Internal
NN :
BN :
Other Practices
Lippia javanica (zumbani) leaves, Unripe Strychnos spinosa fruit (damba), Solanum
panduriforme (nhundurwa) – all in tick control
Physical removal of ticks or piercing them
Avoid infested paddocks
Burn livestock pastures
Wash animals with plant derived infusion, ointments, dust – tobacco
Burn cattle manure mixed with water
Vinegar & lemon juice – drive chicken lice
Banana leaves and garlic extract – pig ectoparasites
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Who controls sustainable harvesting
Why is it that EVM is not widely used in Zimbabwe
Is there role for intellectual property rights on use of EVM?
How to promote the use of EVM and documentation? What are the implications on sustainable
use of common property resources
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