Chapter

1. Ans: (d)
4 Probability & Statistics
4. Ans: (b)
Sol: The number of integers between 100 and Sol: For total number of cases, first person can
999 (both inclusive) = 900 born in any 12 months and second person
can born in any 12 months
The number of integers between 100 and
Total cases = 12 x 12
999 (both inclusive) which do not contain
For favorable number of cases, Two friends
digit 7= 8 x 9 x 9= 648
share same birth month means both should
Required probability = 648 have same birth month i.e.,
900
(J, J), (F, F), (M, M), (A, A) ...., (D, D)
18
i.e., favorable cases = 12
25
12 1
P=
12 x12 12
2. Ans: (d)
Sol: Let E1 = The event that it will rain today
5. Ans: (c)
E2 = The event that it will rain tomorrow
Sol: Option 'c' is the correct statement because
Given P(E1) = 0.5, P(E2) = 0.6,
if all sample points are less than 5 then
P(Ei u E2) = 0.7
expectation cannot be 5
By Addition Theorem
Required probability = P(E1 nE2) 6. Ans: (c)
= P(E1 )+P(E2 )—P(Ei u E2 ) Sol: (a) P(E1 u E2) = P(E1 ) + P(E2) — P(E1 n E2)
= 0.4 1 1 1 19
2 3 4 30
03. Ans: (b) (b) If E1 & E2 are independent then
Sol: Probability of getting an odd number when P(Ei n E2) = P(E1 ) P(E2)
3 1 1
a die is rolled = — = — Here, L.H.S = — and
6 2 5
Using Binomial Distribution 1 1 1
R.H.S = — x — =
1 (1 2 2 3 6
Required probability = 3,, x — x — El & E2 are not independent
2 2
3 option (c) is true.
8 (d) p I P (E, E2 ) 3
E2 P ( E2 ) 5

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07. Ans: (b) 11. Ans: (c)

Sol: The line of regression of x on y is not same Sol: n(S) = 16
as the line of regression of y on x. Probability of all heads or all tails appeari
1 1 1
=—+—=—
8. Ans: (d) 16 16 8
Sol: Let P(E1 ) = P(E2) = p 1
Required probability = 1
P(Ei u E2) = P(E1 ) + P(E2) — P(Ei n E2)
1 =p+p—p2
12. Ans: (b)
El & E2 are independent )
Sol: As per the definition of regression model.
p =1
13. Ans: (d)
9. Ans: (a)
Sol: p = 0.1, n = 900, q= 1—p = 0.9 Sol: P(A) = 1, P(B) =
2
Mean = np = 90
1
S.D = a = linpq P(A n B) = P(B) = —
2
=9 ( A) P(AnB)
.„ ,I,
B P(B)
10. Ans: (b)
Sol: First accident can occur on any day of a
03\ P(BnA) 1
P(A) 2
week = 7 ways
Second accident can occur on any day of
14. Ans: (c)
week = 7 ways
Sol- Total number of cases for selecting 2 screws
out of 10 = '° C 2 = 45
Total cases = 77
Favorable number of cases for selecting 2
For favorable cases, all accidents occur on
the same day means all accidents occur on non defective screws = 7 C = 21
Monday (or) Tuesday (or) Wednesday (or) Probability = —21 7
Thursday (or) Friday (or) Saturday (or) 45 15
Sunday. Option (d) is correct

Favorable cases = 7
15. Ans: (b)
7
Probability = — Sol: Number of children belonging to families
77
with 3 children = 11 .3
_ 1 2
76

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Number of children belonging to families

: 268:

18. Ans: (c)

Engineering Mathematics

N 3N Sol: Let P denotes the event that a student has

with 2 children = .2 = —
10 5 taken programming languages course.
Number of children belonging to families Let D denotes the event that a student has
taken Data Structures course.
with 1 child = 2N
5 Let C denotes the event that a student has
3N taken Computer Organization course.
Required probability — 5 25 85 65
3N 3N _ 2N given p(P) =
.1 200' p( ) = 200' p(C) = 200
2+5 5
50 35
6 p(P
n D) = 200 p(P C) = 200'
23
30 15
p(D nC)=
200 P(P n D n C) = 200
16. Ans: (a)
p(P u D u C) = p(P) + p(D) + p(C) — p(P n D)
Sol: Using Binomial Distribution
Required probability —p(DnC)—p(PnC)+p(PnDnC) =-
1 2 112 8
P oc.2)=4c, 4_2)4_2 Required Probability =(15 n 15 n C)
= 1— P(PuDuC)

17. Ans: (d) 7

= 1— — =1
8 8
Sol: Let X denote the marks obtained for each
No. of students, who have not taken any of
question.
The probability distribution for X is given the three courses =1x 200 = 25
8
below

X 1 — 0.25 19. Ans: (c)

P(X) 0.25 0.75 Sol: P(Gi) =0.2 ; (i = 1, 2, 3, 4)
P[(G2 n G3)/G1 ] = P(G2n G3 n G1) / P(G1)
Expected marks for one question
0.2 x 0.2 x 0.2
= E(X) = E X. P(X) = 0.04
0.2
= 1. (0.25) + (— 0.25) (0.75) = 0.0625
Expected marks for 150 questions 20. Ans: (d)
= 150. (0.0625) Sol: Probability of drawing a king card
Total expected marks for 1000 students 4 1
= 1000 (150) (0.0625) 52 13
= 9375

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Probability of drawing two king cards

Required Probability — n (E)
1 n(S)
without replacement = — x
13 51 221
10
36
21. Ans: (c)
Sol: Mid value xi: 7.6 7.8 8.0 8.2 8.4 8.6 26. Ans: (b)
Frequency fi : 1 5 35 17 12 10 Sol: given p = 0.1, q = 0.9, n = 10
Mean —
E x. Required probability = P(X = 2)
= 10c
2
x 02 x 0.9y
652.8 = 0.1937
= = 8.16
80
27. Ans: (d)
22. Ans: (b)
Sol:
Sol: 3 balls of different colors can be drawn in 6 Sum = 8 Sum = 9
ways. (Blue, Black, Red; Blue, Red, Black; 2,6 3,6
Black, Blue, Red; Black, Red, Blue; Red, 6, 2 6, 3
Blue, Black; Red, Black, Blue;) 3,5 4,5
5, 3 5, 4
10 20 30) 1
Required probability = 6. (- — — = - 4, 4
60 60 60 6

Total number of cases = 6 x 6 = 36

23. Ans: (d)
P(sum is neither 8 nor 9)
Sol: Verifying the each options
= 1— P(sum is either 8 or 9)
Probability of (pnq) min {P(p), P(q)1
5+41- 3
.*. Probability of (pnq) 5 Probability of p =1
C 36 ) 4

24. Ans: (b)

28. Ans: (d)
Sol: Sample space ={ HTT,HTH,HHT,HHH }
Sol: leap year = 366 days
2=1
Required Probability = . — = (52 x 7) + 2days
71 2
Sample space
25. Ans: (d) = {Sun-Mon, Mon-Tue, Tue-Wed, Wed-Thu,
Sol: n(S) = 6 x 6 = 36 Thu-Fri, Fri-Sat, Sat - Sun,)
E = { (3,6), (4,5), (5,4),(6,3), (4,6), (5,5), 2
Required probability =
(6,4), (5,6), (6,5), (6,6)1 7

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29. Ans: (d) 33. Ans: (c)

Sol: probability of getting an odd number when Sol: a = 8.8,11 = 33
3 1 a 8.8
a fair dice is rolled = — = Coefficient of variation = = = 0.266
6 2 µ 33
Probability of getting an even number
3 1 34. Ans: (d)
when a fair dice is rolled = — = —
6 2 Sol: Other options are true.
1 1
Re quired probability = — x — = —
2 1 2 4 35. Ans: (a)
Sol: Probability of drawing an ace card from a
30. Ans: (a) 4C
pack of cards — 1
Sol: Let T = Life time of bulb in hours 52C1
Required Probability = P(100 < T < 200) Required probability
200 200
4C 4C
= f f (t)dt = f ae'dt = 00a _ e -200a = P(E) — ' x '
100 100
52C1 52C,
1
31. Ans: (b) 169
Sol: Let the required line be y = bx (1 )
(. passing through the origin ) 36. Ans: (a)
Then the normal equation of (1) is given by Sol: Sum of probabilities =1
Yxy = bEx2 2 +5p 1+3p 1.5+2p
+ + =1
5 5 5
xy ___ 14
b— =1 4.5+10p=5 p=0.05
E x2 14
E(X) = X.P(X)
x y xy x2 x=i
1 1.5 1.5 1 (251 (1+31 (1.52p)
=1 +2 +3
2 2.2 4.4 4 5 5 5
3 2.7 8.1 9
8.5+0.85
Y..x = 6 Ey = 6.4 Exy = 14 E x2 = 14 = 1.87
5

32. Ans: (a) 37. Ans: (d)

Sol: Required Probability Sol: S
1 :=2--` a 2 3
17
P(5<x<oo ) = f f(x)dx = f —e 5 dx P(X >1) = f f(x)dx =1—(5x-2x2 )dx
5 5 5 14 28
1
e
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: 271: Probability and Statistics
.1 4.

38. Ans: (a) 42. Ans: (b)

Sol: Var (X) = E(X2) - [E(X)]2 Sol: Normal curve is symmetric about the mean.
The value of cumulative distributive
39. Ans: (c) function = Area to the left of mean = 0.5
Sol: Let A denotes the event that student failing
in paper 1. 43. Ans: (a)
Let B denotes the event that student failing
Sol: f P„ (X)dx =1
in paper 2.

Given thatS [Me-2Ixl + Ne-31xl]dx =1

P(A) = 0.3, P(B) = 0.2, P(A/B) = 0.6
Using conditional probability, the co
2M f e-2xdx +2N f e-3xdx =1
probability that a student is failed in paper
1 given that he is failed in paper 2 is
N
given by M+2 =1
3
P(AnB)
P(A/B) -
P(B) 44. Ans: (a)
P(AnB)) Sol: n = 4, p = 1/2, q = 1/2
0.6 - 4
0.2 P(x=3) = 4c3(1/2)3(1/2) = — = 1
Required probability = P(A n B) = 0.12 16
(Binomial Distribution)
40. Ans: (c)
45 Ans: (a)
1
Sol: For uniform distribution, f(x) - Sol:
b-a
for a <x <b
Here f(x) - 1 =1
1-0
P(x> 110) = a P(x 5_ 90) = a
E(x) = x3 f(x)dx = 4
0 P(90 x < 110) = 1-2a.

41. Ans: (a) 46. Ans: (c)

Sol: Let p be the probability of getting head
(b a)2
Sol: Var (X) - for a<x<b P(X) = p + q2p + q4p + - - - -
12
= p [1 + q2 + q4 + - - - - oc]
(10-2)2 16
p 2
12 3
1-q2 3
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47. Ans: (d) 50. Ans: (c)

Sol: Given Ex = 6, Ey = 21, Ex2 = 14 Sol: p ( X Y 2) PRX + Y = 2)n - Y = 0)]
Exy = 46 X- =0 13(X - Y = 0)
The equation of the straight line passing = 1, Y =1)
through three values of x & y is P(X — Y 0)
y=a+bx 1 1
—x—
It's normal equations are 4 4
1 1 1 1 1 1
Ey = na + bEx —x— —X— —X—
2 2 4 4 4 4
Exy = aEx + bEx2, 1
where n = number of points 6
3a+ 6b= 21 (1)
6a + 14b = 46 (2) 51. Ans: (b)
On solving (1) & (2), we get a = 3 & b = 2 Sol: Given ,u= 3.5, 6 2 =1.5,

Calculated, µ = x P (x) = 3.0

48. Ans: (d)
x2
Sol: cy2 = P(x) — [x P(x)212
= 10.6 — 9
= 1.6
+
P — a 90
(75) ti=102 (129)
52. Ans: (c)
= 102, a = 27 Sol: Given that, probability of getting positive
We know that P(u-cy < x < u+a) = 68% report = 0.01
P(75< x < 129) = 68% and probability of getting negative
P (75 < x < 102) = 34% report = 0.99
P(90 < x < 102) = < 33% Required probability
Therefore P (90 < x < 102) = 16.7% = Probability of getting incorrect report
= (0.01) (0.12) + (0.99) (0.15)
49. Ans: (c) 12 99 x15
— 0.1497
Sol: Probability for first two tosses to yield 10000 10000
heads is (1/2)2, so remaining tosses must be
tails. 53. Ans: (d)
Therefore the probability for remaining Sol: Probability of getting atleast one head
tosses to be tails is (1/2)8 = 1 — probability of getting none heads
Hence required probability = (1/2)2.(1/2)8 = 1 — P (X = 0)
= (1/2)10 = 1 — 3c0 (1/2)° (1/2)3 = 7/8
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54. Ans: (a) 57. Ans: (d)

(b ay Sol: Let X be the random variable which denote
Sol: Var X — fora < x < b
12 number of heads.
(1-0)2 1 Given n = 4
Required probability = P(X=3) + P(X=4)
12 2
1 ( 1 \3 ( 1 1\4
S.D = — = 4c3 - - + 4c4 —
12 2) 2j
5
55. Ans: (b)
16
Sol: Let N=2, Probability that on they are born
9 58. Ans: (a)
in different days = 1 x3_
30 Sol: The prime factors of 10 are 2 and 5.
29 The divisors of 10" are of the form 2P. 5q
Required Probability = 1 — —
30 when p and q takes values from 0 to n.
= 1 < 0.5 Number of divisors of 11:r = (n + 1)2
30 Number of divisors of 1099 = 10,000
For N = 3, Number of divisors of 1099 which are
29 28 multiples of 1096=Number of divisors of 103
Required Probability = 1 — x — =0.098
30 30 =4x4
For N = 4,
Required Probability Required probability — 16
10000
29 28 27 1
—1 x x — =0.188
30 30 30 625
For N = 7,
Required Probability 59. Ans: (a)
29 28 27 26 25 24 Sol: Probability of faulty assembly of any
= 1—x x x x x =0.53 > 0.5
30 30 30 30 30 30 computer = p
Required value of N = 7 Probability that testing process gives the
correct result = q
56. Ans: (c)
Required Probability = Probability of faulty
Sol: Given that first removed ball is white then
assemble when it is tested correct or
the balls left in box are 3 white and 3 red
Probability of right assemble when it is
balls.
tested incorrect
Probability of 2nd removed ball is red
= (p x q) + (1 — p) (1 — q)
— 3c1 1
6c1 2
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60. Ans: (c) 64. Ans: (c)
Sol: Required probability Sol: E = {(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5) (1, 5), (2, 3),
2 1 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6). (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6)
= —X—X—X—X—X—X—X—X-
9 8 7 6 5 5 3 2 1 (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 6)}
1 n(E) =15, n(S) = 36
1260 n(E) ._ 15
Required probability— —
n(S) 36
61. Ans: (c)
Sol: Sample space = {HH, HT, TH, TT} =5
12
Required probability, P(E) = —
1
4
65. Ans: (d)
62. Ans: (d) Sol: n(S)=5c1 x5c1 = 25
Sol: Given mean of poisson distribution is 2 , Let E be the event of picking one chip from
i. e. =2 each box such that product of numbers on
Required probability P(X > 2) chips is even number.
= 1 — P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) n(E) = n(even & even or even & odd or odd
& even)
— 1 [X°.e-2 +e
n(E)= (2x3)+(2x2)+(3x3)
= 1 — e-2 [1+2] = 19
= 1 — 3e-2 ...Required probability =19
25
63. Ans: (c)
Sol: Probabilities of picking a white ball 66. Ans: (b)
randomly are Sol: In a Poisson distribution mean X = 3 per
( 1 1) + 1 1 )= - year.
(a) -x (x
2 2) 2) 2 For 2 year duration,
2) + = 1 X=6
(b) x x
2 2) 2 ) —2 Required probability
1) (1 1) = 2 = P(X 2) = P(X = 0)+ P(X = 1) + P(X = 2)
(c) x 4. x
2 1) 2 3) 3
= e-11+ X + —1 where X = 6
(d) r_
l () /I 1) 2
x x
2 2 3) 6 = 0.0619

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: 275: Probability and Statistics

67. Ans: (d)

f(x)= 2, —1 < x < 1
1 1
Sol: n = 5, p = — q = —
2 2 = 0, elsewhere
p(X 1)=-1—P(X= 0) f(y)= —
1 , —1 <Y< 1
2
)5
=1-5c0.(12 = 0, elsewhere
P[max(x, y)] < —
1
31 2
32
_ prx< 1) 1
dx
2) 111 2
68. Ans: (c)
3
3 = —s
Sol: Required probability = —
4 x — =—
12 4
7 7 49
73. Ans: (c)
69. Ans: (a)
Sol: Required Probability
Sol: If atleast one outcome is heads then the
samples space is 1 r 1)3 1
+(— + co
S = {(H, H), (H, T), (T, H)} 2 2 2
Hence, the required probability = 1/3 1
2 2
3
70. Ans: (d) 1-1
4
Sol: ( R= var(X) = E(X2 )— [042 > 0 )
Variance never be negative 74. Ans: (d)
Sol: Given 4R and 6B
71. Ans: (d) 4C, x 6C2
Sol: Since variance of constant is zero p [1R n 2B] =
10C3
4x15 1
72. Ans: (a)
120 2
Sol: Suppose X is uniformly distributed in [a, b],
1 75. Ans: (b)
its PDF is f(x) = ,a<x<b
b—a
Sol: P(X) = 0.6 PM= 0.4
= 0, else where
RS R
If X, Y are uniformly distributed in [-1, 1] PC— = 0.96 P —) = 0.72
X
is PDF is
(.‘
7 _13(YnR)
P
P(R)
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Engineering Publications : 276: Engineering Mathematics

POOP(%) 79. Ans: (b)

P
y) = POOP(R/X )+P(Y)P(R/Y Sol: If Xi, X2, .,Xn are normal random
variables, then its linear combination
(0.4X0.72) al X i + a2X2 + anXn is also a
(0.6X0.96)+ (0.4)(0.72)
normal random variable, where a1, a2,
= 0.334 an are constants
P(3V 2U) = P(3V — 2U 0)
76. Ans: (a)
= P(Z 0)
Sol:
1
2

800
11=1000
1200 80. Ans: (d)
Sol: Difference between the two identically
Required probability = P(x > 1200) < 0.5 distributed zero mean random variable
cumulative distribution functions is also
77. Ans: (d)
normal random variable.
Sol: Let X = Number of times we get negative
values. 81. Ans: (b)
By using Binomial Distribution, required Sol: 1,1, = 1; a2 = 4 a=2
probability = P(X 1) r —u
= P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) P(X<O) = P Z <

r N5
= 5 X ( 1 1 + 5c x
2 , = P (Z < — 1
2
1+5 6 = P(Z < —0.5)
32 32
P(X < 0) = 0.5 — P(0 < Z < 5)
Greater than zero & less than 0.5
78. Ans: (a)

Sol: P(X>1) = f f (x) • dx 82. Ans: (d)

Sol: The probability that the student known the
answer and answered the question correctly
= f e'dx
2
= —.1
CO 3
e'
The probability of answering correctly by
—1
11
guessing = —.-
1 34
e or — = 0.368

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. 4.

2 85. Ans: 0.66

The required probability = 3 Sol: Let N = the number of families
2 1 1
-+ - x-
33 4 Total No. of children = (—
N x 1) + (—
N x 2)
2 2
8
3N
9
2

83. Ans: 6 x21

Sol: If f(x) is probability density function then Re quired Probability = 3N )

E f (x) dx = 1 2
2 2
= - = 0.66
f (x)dx =1 3

2 86. Ans: 0.33

f MX — 1)(2 — x)dx= 1 Sol: As X1, X2 & X3 are independent and
2
identically distributed
21.1 (-X2 +3x-2)dx= 1 P(X1 is largest) = P(X2 is largest)
= P(X3 is largest)
2
—X
3
x2 1
+3— -2x =1 = - = 0.33
3 2 3

Xr27 -261 87. Ans: (b)

= =1
L 6 6 Sol: V(X) = E(X2) - [E(X)}2 0
X=6 E(X2) [E(X)]2

88. Ans: 50
84. Ans: (c)
Sol:
Sol: For Poisson Distribution,
X 1 3 5 97 99
e-x X,k 1 1 1 1 1
P(X = k) - P(X) 50
k! 50 50 T) 50

Required Probability = P(x<3)

E(X) = E X P(X)
= P(x = 0) + P(x = 1) + P(x = 2)
= C3+ 3 6-3+ 9 e-312 =E (1+ 3 + + 99)
50
17
2 e3 = —(2500) = 50
50
(•.• Sum of first 'n' odd numbers = n2)
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4.it.

89. Ans: (c) 1 ( 1 —2

= 1 — —1
Sol: Let P = 1 2 2i
2
1
= probability of getting a head any time —(4 —1)
=2
q= I ; n = 9 3
2
2
We have to get '3' heads and '6' tails in
3
first '9' tosses, before getting a head in the Similarly E(Y) = —
2
10th toss.
3
.*. The required probability E(X+Y) = E(X) + E(Y)= + — = 3
2
6
( 1 \3( 1 1
= 9c3 - - X
2 91. Ans: 0.16
Sol: The probability density function of a
9 C, 64
uniform distribution function on [a, b] is
— 2'' 1024
1
= 0.082 f (x) = .
(b — a)

90. Ans: 3 In the given interval f(x) = 1 =1

Sol: Let 'X' be a random variable which denotes (1— 0)
the number of tosses required for the first + 1
E(Xi ) = a b = E(X2 ) E(X3 ) =
head to appear. 2 2
Similarly 'Y' be another random variable 2=1
V(X,) (b—a)
12 12
which denotes the number of tosses required
for the first tail to appear. = V(X2 ) = V(X3 )

1 P(Xi-FX2 . 3) = P(Xi+X2—X3 < 0)

Then P(X=2) = T.H = .-
22 = P(LJO)
1 (where U = Xi+X2 —X3)
P(X=3) = T.T.H = 1.1 —
222 1 1 1
E(U) = — + - = 1
I` I 2 2 2 2
...E(X)= 2x—, + 3 x + 4x 4 )+
2- 2 2 V(U) = V(X1) + V(X2) + V(X3)
1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1
— [2.-2 + 3.2 +4.— +... =—+—+—=—=—
=2 12 23 12 12 12 12 4
1 1 1 11 1
=— 1+ S.D = —
2 2 2' 2

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4 ..

(u—µ0 —
P(U 0) — P _ I 2 (0 —1)
6 6 I ic —1
( 1"
0—— 2
2 = =0.8
=P z<— TC
1
2
93. Ans: (a)
u—µ
(where z = is a standard normal Sol: The number of phone calls in a fixed time
a
interval is discrete random variable.
variable)
...Option (a) follows discrete probability
= P(z —1)
distribution and remaining options (b), (c)
= P(z 1)
& (d) are continuous probability
(by symmetry of normal curve)
distributions.
= 0.5 — P(0 < z < 1)
= 0.5 — 0.3413 = 0.1587 94. Ans: 0.44
Sol: Probability that a parcel is lost by first post-
92. Ans: 0.8
1
Sol: Given that p. = 0, 6 = 1 office = —
5
XZ
Probability that it is lost by second post-
then fx (x) = 1 e
271
office = 4 x—
55
E[IX I] =fix' fx (x)dx The probability for losing the parcel

x2 1 (4 1)
=—+—x
xe 5 5 5
dx
0 -N/27t By Baye's theorem
0. x2 41
2 f ——
xe 2 dx 55
Tic 0 Required probability =
144 1)
.0 x2 5 5 x5
2 f
— x e 2 dx
4
= — = 0.44
9
( X2 V')

12 e 2
1 TC —1
95. Ans: (b)
\ Jo Sol: A fair coin is tossed 'n' times then the
( 2 number of heads and tails can be shown
Put = t xdx = dt below.
2
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: 280: Engineering Mathematics

H T 97. Ans: 0.4

0 Sol: we can consider
n -1
0.2 for -1 x 1
n-2 2
f(x) = 0.1 for x E [-4,-1) u (1, 4]
0 , otherwise
2 n -2
1 4 5
n -1 .*. P(0.5 < X < 5) = (0.2)dx + (0.1)dx + f 0 dx
0 n 05 1 4

= 0.4
.'• The difference between the number of
heads and tails can be 'n' or (n - 2) or 98. Ans: 0.4
(n - 4)... But it cannot be (n - 1) or (n - 3)
Sol: f (x) dx = 1
or (n - 5) ...
.*. The required probability = 0
k X2 dx =1
96. Ans: 0.14
( 3 )2
Sol: Let X be the random variable, which
k X =1
denotes the number of dots on a face of the 3
die. Then probability distribution table is (8 1
shown below. k — =1

7k _ 1
X 1 2 3 4 5 6
3
P(X) K 2K 3K 4K 5K 6K
3
k = — = 0.428
7
E P(X) = 1 (where 'K' is the proportionality
constant) 99. Ans: 2
i.e., 21 K = 1
Sol: Total probability = f f (x) dx =1
K=1
21 x
" 2
The required probability = 3 K
i.e., f dx =1
3 0 K
21
x

1 e 2
= = 0.14 =1
7 K 1)
2),o

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_ 2 ( -r =1 = probability of not getting red colour

e n=3
-K Jo
X = number of times red colour appeared
-2(0 -1) =1 Required probability = P(X 2)
= P(X = 2) + P(X = 3)
... K = 2
_ 3c2(1 2
3)4. 3c2
(11
100. Ans: 0.893 3 )1 3J
Sol: The probability that the input job fails at
= -6+ 1 = = 0.2593
both A and B = 0.15 x 0.05 = 0.0075 27 27 27
The probability that the input job is fed to C
104. Ans: 0.65
= 1 - 0.0075 = 0.9925
Sol: Let P(M) = probability of selecting a man
Required probability = 0.9925 x 0.9
1
= 0.89325 = -

2
101. Ans: (d) Similarly
P(W) = probability of selecting a woman
Sol: Var = a2 = Ex2f(x) - [Exf(x)]2
1
= Rix 0.3)+(4 x 0.6)+(9x OA)]
-2
- [(1 x 0.3) + (2 x 0.6) + (3 x 0.1)12 P(E/M) = probability of selecting an
= (0.3 + 2.4 + 0.9) - (0.3+1.2+0.3)2 employed man
= 3.6 - (1.8)2 o4 80 4
=
= 3.6 - 3.24 = 0.36 8n- - = 100 = 5
S.D=a P(E/W) = probability of selecting an
= 0.36 = 0.6 unemployed woman
= 50% = 50 = 1
102. Ans: (a) 100 2
...Required probability
Sol: Required probability - 15C2 =
C2 20 = P(M) P(E/M) + P(W) P(E/W)
= (-
1 i 1)
xL x-
103. Ans: 0.26 2 5) 2 2)
Sol: Let P = 1 1 (4 1 )
3 +
2 2)
= probability of getting red colour
13
q = (1- 1 ) - 2 = - = 0.65
- 20

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4:Engineerig Publicanons : 282: Engineering Mathematics
.

105. Ans: (a) 108. Ans: 0.4

Sol: 4

X 0 1 2
Sol: P(2 E 4) = f f(E)dx
2
Pr 1 2_4 1
(X) 6 3 6 6 = j-1dX = (X)2
2 5
Mean pi = E X P(X)
= 1(4-2)
5
4)+2M
1 )41x-
40x-
6 6 6
= = 0.4
. 6 .1 -
5
6
Variance cr2 = E X2P(X) — 112 109. Ans: 0.265
Sol: Given that X, = 5
.4ox- 4)44x—iti
1 )+(ix- Let X = number of penalties per day
6 6 6
P(X < 4) = P(X=0) + P(X=1)
= -8 -1 + P(X=2) + P(X=3)
6
x2 x3
21 = e 4 +Xe +—e-A +—e
6 3 2! 3!

106. Ans: 50 1+X+-

2''2 +—
k3 )
2 6
Sol: [A, = 500 Rs , a = 50 Rs
( 500 -1,t 25 125
P(X > 500) = P Z > = e-5 1+ 5 + +
a 2 6 j
= P (Z > 0)
= 6 (36+75+125)
= 50 %
= 0.265
107. Ans: (b)
Sol: Given that X = 5.2 110. Ans: (b)
Sol: For every tossing getting a tail is
P(X = r) = independent of the previous tosses.
e r!
P(X < 2) = P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) The required probability = 1
2
= Ca. + Xe-X.
= e-k(X + 1)
= e-51(5.2 + 1) = 0.034

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r, FigPublications : 283: Probability and Statistics
4.1 ... 4.4

111. Ans: (b) 115. Ans: (d)

Sol: The given integral represents the area under Sol: The probability of no loss on a rainy day
the normal curve to the left side of the mean 7 2
—x—
x = 'a' = 0.5 (The normal curve is 10 10
symmetric about x = a). The probability of no loss on a non-rainy day
3 9
= - X -
112. Ans: 0.27 10 10
Sol: Given that X = 240 veh/h From Baye's theorem, the required
240 ( 3 9\
= veh / min = 4 veh/min — x--
60 probability= 10 10) _ 27
= 2 veh/30 sec 2 41
3 x 9 1+1 7 x
10 10) 10 10
The required probability = P(X = 1)
= CA' = 2 C2
116. Ans: 0.25
= 0.27
Sol: Let 'x' be the length of the shorter stick.
Now 'x' is uniformly distributed between
113. Ans: 1.2
1
0 to — .
Sol: Standard error of mean = f— 2
n
...Probability density function
(a = S.D of sample
1
n = size of the sample)
f(x) (1 =2
12
=1.2 \.2
oo v2
Required expected length = f x f(x)dx
114. Ans: (c) 0
Sol: Mean = (20 x 25) + (20 x 30) + (40 x 35) + (20 x 40)
1/2

100 = f2xdx
0
500 + 600 +1400 + 800
100 =—
1 = 0.25
4
3300
= 33
100
117. Ans: 10
Median = The average marks of 50th , 51st
Sol: For the sum to be 22 we have two possible
observations
cases
35 + 35
= 35 Case (i) : Three 6's and one 4
2
!
Mode = The value of marks with highest No. of ways we can obtain this is — = 4
3!
frequency = 35
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Jr kr

Case (ii) : Two 6's and two 5's = 50 + 33 + 20 — 16 — 10 — 6 + 3

4! = 74
This can be obtained in = 6ways
2!2! • The number of integers between 1 and
Required value of X = 10 100, which are not divisible by 2 or 3 or 5
= 100 — 74 = 26
118. Ans: 11.9 26
• Required probability = 100 = 0.26
Sol: p = probability of picking '3' working
computers or '4' working computers.
4 6 c 4
4
121. Ans: 0.25
C3
10 c
•I° C 4
Sol: Given that (A L.) B) = S
4
P (A B) = P(S) = 1
25
210 P(A) + P(B) = 1
.*. Required value = 100 p ( A, B are mutually exclusive )
Let P(A) = x
= 100x 25
210 P(B) = (1 — x)
=11.9 Let f(x) = x(1 — x)
f '(x) = 1 — 2x
119. Ans: 3.88
f '(x) = 0 x= 1
Sol: Let X = length of the word drawn. 2
X has the following probability 1
f "(x) = —2 < 0 at x = —
distributions. 2
1
X 3 4 5 ...f(x) is maximum at x = —
2
2 3
P(X) 44 9 4 • Maximum value of P(A).P(B) = x(1-x)
1( 1\
— 1— —
... Expected length = E(X) 2 2)
4' ( 2 \ " 3 \ = 0.25
= (3x— + 4x— + 5x-
9
9,J 9i 9)
= 3.88 122 Ans: (c)
Sol: P(AuB) = P(A) + P(B) — P(AnB)
120. Ans: 0.26 Since A and B are independent,
Sol: Number of integers in the set which are P(AnB) = P(A) P(B) 0
divisible by 2 or 3 or 5 ( P(A) AND P(B) )
= n(2) + n(3) + n(5)— n(2A3) — n(3A5) • Option (c) is false
— n(5A2) + n(2A3A5)
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'14

123. Ans: 0.4 126. Ans: 6

Sol: The required probability Sol:
X 1 2
(0.8x-1) 3
7 1 5 1 5 5 . 1 ......
P(X=1/Y=0) - ( 6j ( P(X) -6
0.2 x - + 0.8x 66 666
7 7
1j
0.8 .*. E(X) = E X P(X)
1 +2( 5
2.0
. 1)+3(5 5 1)
= 0.4 6 6) 6.6.i.)

124. Ans: 6 = 1-[1+21-5-)+315)2

6 6)
Sol: Let an = expected number of times, we have
to toss a coin to get n consecutive heads. 1 ri _5-1-2_,
Case (1): If the first n-1 tosses are heads 6L
and the nth toss is also heads then
1 127. Ans: 6
an = (an_i + 1) -
2 Sol: E(X) =10 x f(x)dx
Case (2): If the first n-1 tosses are heads
1
and the nth toss is tails then = -x I x dx
2
1
a„ = (an_i + 1 + a„) = 0 (... Integrand is an odd function)
2
By Some rule, E(X2) = r x2 f(x)dx

an = (an-1 + 1) - + (an-i + 1 + an)

2
1
= r
2
.x2 I x I e-lxidx
an = 2 an_i + 2 where, a1 = 2
now a2 = 2ai + 2 = 6
= F x3 e' dx
(...Integrand is an even function)
125. Ans: (d) = 6 (integration by parts)
Sol: (X+Y) 1 is possible only if X 0 and Variance of X = E (X2) - {E(X)}2
Y O. =6
P(X + Y 1) = 1 - P[(X = 0) n(Y=0)]
= 1 -P(X=0).P(Y=0) 128. Ans: 0.25
= (1- pq) Sol: Total probability = Jm f(x)dx =1

(a + bx)dx =1

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t 41 Engineering Publications : 286: Engineering Mathematics
. 4

x2 _ 1 [1:5 2
ax+b— =1
2 io 6 0)
b _ 1130 6
a + — =1
2 6 01 11
i.e., (2a+b) = 2 (1)
2 2 130. Ans: (d)
E(X) = x f(x)dx =
3 3 Sol: Suppose coin tosses are independent
2 P(HRHs) = P(HR) P(Hs) = 0.28 .... (1)
x(a. +bx)dx = —
0 3 P(TRTs) = P(TR) P(Ts) = 0.18 ..... (2)
( ax2 bx31 2 P(TRTs) = P(HR)P(Ts) = 0.30 ..... (3)
2 3)0 3 P(TRHs) = P(TR) P(Hs) = 0.24 .... (4)
P(H S ) 0.28 28
(a 2 (1)/(3) = — .... (5)
—+ = PITS ) 0.30 30
3j 3
(3a+2b) = 4 . (2) (4)1(2) P(H ) 0.24 24
, s = — ....(6)
P(TS ) 0.18 18
By solving (1) & (2) for a, b; we get
we can conclude that the coin tosses are
a— 0 &b=2
not independent. Since (5) & (6) can not be
P[X < 0.5] = f 2 f(x) dx simultaneously true.
0
only option (d) is true.
: + bx)dx
f
131. Ans: (b)
bx2.2 Letp= 0.1,q= 0.9 &n= 10
ax+
Using Binomial Distribution,
2 )0
The required probability
a b
—— = 1°C3(0.1)3 (0.9)7 = 0.057
=2 8
1
= 0 +— 132. Ans: 4
4
Sol: E[gx (x)] = E[e3x /4 ]
= 0.25
= le3x/4 Px (x)dx
129. Ans: (d)
e 3x/4 e -x dx
CO

Sol: The required probability =

( 5 .\ 4 (
1 (5 2 ( 1.` = e-x /4 dx
6 6) 6) 6, f0

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4 4.

CA
deviation (S.D) is least for the curve (IV).
e-x/4 = (0 —1) 4 Hence variance is least for the curve (IV).

(14) 136. Ans: (b)

0
5
Sol: Let p = , q = — and n = 4
133. Ans: 0.24 6 6
Sol: The probability distribution is shown below Using Binomial Distribution
P(X 2) = 1 — [P(X = 0) + P(X = 1)]
X 0 1
P(X) q (1-q) = 1 — [ 4 Co il°1-5-14 +4 c,M1 (-- 31
6) 6) 6) 6)
Mean =1.1 = E PiXi = (1—q) 19
= 1— 0.4 = 0.6 144
q = 0.4
137. Ans: (b)
Variance = EPi X
Sol: Let A = Student passing the exam
= (1— q) — (0.6)2
B = Getting 90% marks
= 0.6 — 0.36 = 0.24
B
The required probability = P(—
134. Ans: 1.067 A

r2 x 2
/ \ P(BnA)
Sol: vt,„ = f(x)dx = — (4— x 2 ) dx
0 4 P (A)

1 4x3 x5 2 0.05 1
4 3 5 _I o 0.2 4

1 [32 321 138. Ans: (c)

4L 3 5
IT)130CnY) _ (1/12)
_ 8[5-31 Sol: 13( = 5
X P(X) (1 /4) 3
15
16 139. Ans: (a)
15 Sol: The total number of ways of drawing the 5
= 1.067 components sequentially from the box = 5!
Given that there are only two possible ways
135. Ans: (d)
the product can be assembled.
Sol: As per the given diagram, the curve (IV) is
2
nearest to the interval (-1, 1). The standard The required probability = — .
5!

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'14 .....
140. Ans: (b) 143. Ans: (d)
Sol: Let Ram = x and Ramesh = y Sol:
1 1
Given that p(x) —
6 & p(y) =
8
5 7
P(R)= — &P(Y)=
6 8
The required probability
=1)(x) x par ) p(R) x P(3) From the given data,
1 7 5 1 _ 50 40 _ 10 ,= 1
=—x—+—x—
6 8 6 8 1111" 100 — 100 100 10
12 1 III is true.
48 4 m+p+c = (a+b+c+d+e+f+g)+(b+d+f)+2c
75 40 20
—+—+-
141. Ans: (b) 100 100 100
Sol: The occurrence of 'X' will not influence the = 135=27
occurrence of 'Y' therefore X and Y are 100 20
independent. I is also true
If the event Y occurs then the probability of
the occurrence of Z is more. 144. Ans: (b)
...Y and Z are dependent Sol: The required probability
The occurrence of 'X' rules out the 2
occurrence of 'Z'. Therefore X and Z are 50 c, 50
dependent correct option (b)

142. Ans: (a) 145. Ans: 0.75

Sol: Favorable cases are Sol: When X3 = 0, Y = X1 X2
{(2, 14), (3, 13), (4, 12), (5, 11)} P[Y = 0 I X3 =0]
4 P(X1 =1,X2 =0,X3 = 0)+P(Xi =0,X2 =1,X3 =0)
The required probability = „
C(4,1).q6,1) .1-13(X1 =X2 =X3 =0)
4 P(X3 = 0)
—20 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 =2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1
- 5 2
= 0.2
= 3 = 0.75
4
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Zit Engineering Publications : 289 : Probability and Statistics

146. Ans: 0.02 0

P{x 0} = f(x)dx = ae"dx
Sol: Candidates attend interview with 3 pens -03

means they attend interview with 3 pens of 0

same colour (or) 2 pens of same colour and =2( e4 x

4
one different colour (or) 3 pens of different
colours. 2 (1 —(31
Total number of cases 4
= 4C1 + 2(4C2) + 4C3 = 20 1
Favourable number of cases for 3 pens 2
having same colour = 4C1 = 4 The value of 'a' and prob{x < 0},
1
Required Probability = 41 = 0.2 respectively are 2, —
20- 2

147. Ans: (a) 148. Ans: (a)

Sol: The unit step function is defined as Sol: (i) The probability of drawing a red ball in
u(x) = 0, x<0 the first draw and a red ball in the
=1, x>0 second draw
Similarly, u(—x) = 1, x<0 5 6
= —X
=0, x>0 12 13
(ii) The probability of drawing a green ball
3
fx(X) = e- xu(x)+ ae-4x u (—x) (Given) in the first draw and a red ball in the
fx(x) = a e", x<0 second draw
= 7 5
= 3 e-3x , x > 0 —X—
12 13
2
00 By total theorem of probability,
To find 'a', f (x)dx = 1 Required Probability
5 6 7 5
= —X —
ae"dx +1-3 e-3x dx =1 12 13 12 13
0 65
4x
0 156
le-3x
e =1
4 2 0
149. Ans: 1
a+1 =1 Sol: E(X2) = 2
42 V(X) = E (X2)- (E(X))2
a+2=4a=2 Let mean of the poission random variable
be X
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.1 4.

X = 2 — X2 151. Ans: 0.07203

X2 + — 2 = 0 Sol: Probability of getting a head is p = 0.3
= 1, — 2 Probability of getting a tail is q = 0.7
.*. Mean is X = 1. (... Mean of Poisson The probability of getting head in the fifth
distribution can not be Negative) toss means first four tosses produce tails
and fifth toss is a head = (0.7)4 (0.3)
150. Ans: 0.33 = 0.07203
Sol: P(X + = f f (x, y)dxdy
R 152. Ans: (a)
I—x Sol: For Poisson distribution mean = variance
= f f (x + y)dxdy
x=0 y=0

1 2 \ 1—x standard deviation =

= f xy + dx
o 2 0
153. Ans: 0.41
Sol: Let X = number of defective screws in a
= _ x)+ ; ldx
packet of 5
For Binomial distribution,
(1+ X 2 — 2X) 1
X—X
2
+ 2 [1— x2 ]dx
dx = —f P(X= k) = C(n, k) pk CI"
SO
2 0
Here, n = 5, p = 0.1 , q = 0.9
3 I Required Probability = P(X 1)
1[ x
= x—— = 1 — P(X = 0)
2 3 0
= 1 — 5C0 (0.1)° (0.9)5
= 0.4095 0.41
12 P31
= 0.33 154. Ans: 99.73
Sol: In the standard normal curve the area
between —3 &3 is 0.9973
Percentage of area is 99.73
y=1
(0, 1)
155. Ans: (a)
x= x+y = 1 x=1
4c, x 4 c x 4c,
Sol: Required probability —
52 c,
16
y=0 (1, 0) 5525

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156. Ans: (c) = 0.9 — 0.2

Sol: Required probability - 0.7
= probability of getting tails in all the N
tosses 156.Ans: (b)
11 1
=—— — (n times) Sol: E(f(x)) = f xf (x )dx
22 2
r 1"N 11
0( 2
=_ x a [-- X2
= .1 —+x)dx+1 +x )dx
-a a 0 a

3 20
= X
( + X ) + — X 3 X 2 )8
157.Ans: (b)
Sol: The given integral = Area under the normal 3a 2 -a
3a 2 0
La 2 a2 ) L a2 a2
1
curve to the right of the mean = — —
2 3 2 3 2
=0
158.Ans: (a)
0 2 a
—X 2
Sol: Type II error means accepting the null E(g(xn = + dx
-a a 0 a
hypothesis when it is false.
0
X3 (X3 )8
=
159.Ans: 54.5 — +—
_a
3a 3a 0
Sol: Increasing order of spot speeds
(az a2 =
32, 45, 49, 51, 53, 56, 60, 62, 66, 79
Median = middle values average 3 3
53+56 V(f(X))= E(X2 )— (E(X))2

2 0 3 a 3

= 54.5 kmph E(X2 )= f 2L + X2 )dX f +X2 dx

-a a 0 a
160. Ans: (a) (..,4 x3 )0 x4 x3 ja
= + + — +
Sol: Since X and Y are independent, we have 4a 3 -a 4a 3 0
P(XUYC) = P (X) + P()(c) —P(X) P()(c)
= P(X) + P()(c) (1 — P(X))
._ r a3 a3 ) r a3 a3
— 4+
4 3 + 3)
0.7 = 0.4 + P()(c) (0.6)
P('Yc) = 0.5 E(X2)= a3
P(Y) = 1— 0.5 = 0.5 3
P( XUY ) = P(X) + P(Y)— P(X) P(Y) V(f (X))= "1

= 0.4 + 0.5 — 0.4 x 0.5

V(g(X))= E )— (E002
(X2
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4.• ACE
11
JJ
ZI
'O Engineering Publications : 292: Engineering Mathematics
to

x + a f ?L3
0 3 The probability that the bulb is type II and
EIN2 )= f— --dx cix
-a a i0 a lasting more than 100 hrs = — (0.4)
2
x4 I ( x4
=(
— 1
4a -a + 4a 0
Required probability = (0.7)+ —((0.4) = 0.55
2 2
3 ) a3 2a3 a 3
= 0)— (-- —
a + — = 165
4 4 4 2
Sol: Probability that the system has high fidelity
v(g(x)). = P(HF) = 0.81
Probability that the system has high fidelity
and high selectivity = P(HS n HF) = 0.18
162. Ans: 0.5
Required probability = P(HS I HF)
1 foraxl
Sol: Given f(x) = { x2 P(HS n HF)
0 otherwise P(HF)
0.18 2
f f(x)dx=1= f 1
2 dx=1 —1 =1 = = _0.222
0.81 9
a a
1 1 166.
— -1 =1 = a = — =0.5
a 2 Sol: Let X = Number of attempts required to get
seat reserved
163. Ans: 0.33
Sol: The probabilities for output Y arc X 1 2 3 4 ...
)2 1 2
4 4) 4 4 P(X (;n) (E(
2 3 3( 5 ...
5 : W)
Required probability
= 1 1 4+(4)2 (1)3
+
741 + 74) _ lx-+2(3x
E(X)- 2 3 2 )+3[( 3 )2 x(
2 )1+
5 5 5
I
1 1
- - 0.33 = -2{1+2(-
3 +3(-
312
4 1- 1 3
4) 5 0) 0)

= 211_ 3} 2
164. Ans: 0.55 5t5
Sol: The probability that the bulb is type I and
2 ( 2) 2 .2 x r 5 )2
1 \
lasting more than 100 hrs = — (0.7) = 5) 5
2
= 2.5
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Engineering Publications : 293: Probability and Statistics

Alternately, Let X = Number of attempts 0, x<2

required. Y=
5—x, x..2
Probability of getting reservation in 1
0 2 E(y) = fy f (x) dx
attempt = P =1- = — 0
100 5 5
_ (5 x)dx 1 x21
E(X) = —
1 =2.5 5 5x 2 2
25

1 {(25
= _
167. 5 2 2)
Sol: Let Chemistry = C, physics = P and
= 0.9 minutes
Mathematics = M
Given that, 170.
n(CuPuM) = 500 , n (C) = 329, n(P) = 186 Sol: Here we have two cases.
n (M) = 295, n(CnP) = 83, n (CnM) = 217 Case-1: first ball drawn is red and second
and n (pnM) = 63 ball drawn is red
n (CuPuM) = n (C) + n(P) + n(M)—n(CnP) Case-2: first ball drawn is black and second
— n(CnM)—n(PnM) + n(PnCnM) ball drawn is red
500 = 329 + 186 + 295 — 83 — 217 — 36 + Probability of first drawn ball is red and
n(CnPnM) 5 4 0
second drawn ball is red = — x — =
500 = 810 — 363 + n (CnPnM) 10 9 90
Probability of first drawn ball is black and
n (CnP n M) = 500— 447 = 53
5 5 = 25
second drawn ball is red = — x —
168. 10 9 90
Sol: The probability that all three dice have the 20
Required probability = —+ 25 = — 1
same number of dots on the faces showing 90 90 2

up is = 6 = — = 0.027 171.
6 36
Sol: Let Y = number of heads.
169. The random variable Y has the following
Sol: Let x be the arrival time at the light (that has distribution.
U(0,5) and y be the waiting at the junction.
Y 0 1
Then probability density function of x is
P(Y) 1 7
{1 i 8
f(x)., 5, 0_,(55
0, otherwise

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r, Engineering Publications : 294: Engineering Mathematics

174.
E(Y)= EYP(Y)=0(1)+1(-
7 )=-
7
8 8 8 Sol: In sample, the mode is defined as the sample
point which occur maximum number of
00= EY2 P(Y)= 02 (-1)+12
- (-7-) j
7
8 8 times.
Var (Y) = E(Y2)—(E(Y)2 In the given sample, 17 occurs maximum
,1)2 number of times.
7
Mode = 17
8 (8)

_ 7 _ 49 175.
8 64 Sol: Here, probability remains same for each
7 toss.
64
Probability of getting head in the 4111 toss
172. =1=0.5
2
Sol: Let, X = outcomes of the die
The probability distribution of X is
176.
Sol: For the exponential distribution, probability
X 1 2 3 4 5 6
density function
1 1 1 1 1 1
P(X) -6- —6- 6 6 6 0e-°', x > 0
f(x) =
0, x<0

E(x)= P(X) Where 0 is parameter.

For Gaussian distribution,
(x —µ )2
41x1M2x- 11-F(4x—"
1 )43x- f(x) =
1 e 2a2
6 6 6 6/ r_
a-V2it
1 )+(6x-
4-(5x- 1) Whereµ and a are parameters.
6 6
The option B is correct
= 3.5
177.
173.
Sol: f(x) = a + bx, 0 x < 1
Sol: Sample space = {HH, HT, TH, TT}
Total cases = 4 f(x)dx =1 (..- total probability = 1)
Favourable cases for atleast one head = 3 -00
3
Required Probability, P = — = 0.75 (a + bx)dx =1
4 0

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4e ACE
Engineaing Publications : 295: Probability and Statistics
.1 4,

(
bx 2 179.
ax + =1
Sol: For poisson distribution,
2
E(X) = Mean = X = 5
b
a + — =1 E(X2) = X2 + X
2
Now,
2a + b = 2 (1)
E[(X+2)2] = E (X2+4X +4)
Only option B, a = 0.5, b = 1, satisfying
=E (X2)+ 4 E (X)+ 4
equation (2)
= [(k2 + +4 X +4], where X= 5
178. = 54
1
Sol: Given that, p(P) = (1) 180.
4
Sol: The cumulants generations function = Ky(Z)
P(P I Q)= — = loge gy(Z)
2
= loge (1—f3+ (3z)N
P(Q I P) = = N. log (1 -r3 +(3z)

1 d
From (2), P (P n Q) (4) E(Y) = K1= [— {KY (Z)}1
P(Q) 2 dz z=i
n Q) 1 NP
From (3), 1) (1) (5) E(Y) —
P (P) 3 1 —13 +13Z l z=i
-
From (1) and (5), = Nr3
1
(6)
P(P nQ)=-F2- 181.
1 Sol: Here, half of the values of Y are to the left
From (4) and (6), p(Q)= -- (7)
6 of the mean X = 0 and the remaining half of
the values of Y lies to the right of the mean
Required probability = p(P I Q — p(P Q)
P (Q) X = 0.

1— p(P u Q) The median of Y = 0

P(Q)
1 1 1
+
4 6 12 _ 4
(5 5
6

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