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1. Ans: (c)
7 Complex Variables
The complex number z = x + jy
Sol: Given that z = x + iy (1) satisfying the equation is Iz + 11= 1
= z* = x - iy . (2)
Adding (1) & (2), we get 5. Ans: (b)
z+z* Sol: Let f(z) = ez = ex + iY
x = Re (z) -
2 Then f(z) = ex eiY = ex (cosy + i siny)
f(z) = ex[cos(y +2nit) + i sin(y + 2nit)]
2. Ans: (d) f(z) = ex ei (Y +2"x) V nEI
Sol: eiP = cos(1) + i sin(j) (1) f(z) = ex -F iy + i2ror = ez nel
= cos. ) - i sin(l) (2) f(z) = f(z + 2niir) V nE1
Adding (1) & (2), we get eZ is a periodic function of period 2ni.
cos 4' =
ei4) + e-i4)
2 06. Ans: (a)
z-1
Sol: Given w = where w = f(z) = u + i v
3. Ans: (b) z +1
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Enginecing Publications : 338: Engineering Mathematics
-1 9. Ans: (a)
The function w = maps the inside
z +1 Sol:
of unit circle in the z-plane to the left half of
the w-plane.
7. Ans: (c)
Sol: By the properties of modulus of z we have
2
z 2 z2
=k 2
z1 z21 k2,
2 2 2
Z1 + Z 2 Z1 — Z2 =2 For a given circle centre is (5,5) and radius
Z + 2 z2 1 2
is 2
option (c) is wrong.
(i.e., not a property of IzI ) OC = -NIOA2 + AC2 = A/25 + 25
= -X) = 5A/2
8. Ans: (a) OB = OC — BC
Sol: I = sec z dz = 1 dz , where 'c' is the = 5-‘/ —2
cos Z
The minimum distance from the origin to
unit circle I z I = 1.
the circle is 5..k. — 2
1
Singular points of are given by
cos z
10. Ans: (a)
cosz = 0 Sol: Given that z3 =
z= ± (2n +1) — n = 0,1,2,3, z3z = 2z = z 2
2 2
Z = 1
But 1 has no singularities in the given option (c) is correct.
cos z
region unit circle Iz =1. 11. Ans: (a)
By Cauchy's Integral Theorem, we have 1
Sol: Given w = u + iv = — log (x2 + )+ i tan-I (I)
2
I = 0, singularities set = (13, in zl =1
Putting x = z and y = 0 in the given
i.e., option (a) is correct.
function, we get
w = log z which is not defined at origin
(0, 0).
w = u + iv is not analytic at origin (0, 0).
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Fagineeting Publications : 339: Complex Variables
1 rv
w= — log(x2 + y2 )+ i tan-I 16. Ans: (b)
2 x sin z
Sol: Given that f(z) = 3
Z
u= 1log(x 2 + y2 ) & v = tan-' (.Y)
1 3 Z5 Z7
Z
f(z)= z—+ —+
But given that u = constant (c) 3! 5! 7!
1 1 z2 z4
1lOg (X 2 + y2 = c =
z2 3! 5! 7!
log(x 2 ± y2 = 2c = 1 1 (Z — 0)2 (Z — 13)4
+
x2±y2 = e 2c
(Z — CO 2 3! 5! 7!
.*.z = 0 is a pole of order 2
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derivatives.
I = 2 Tu i = ic
\
For the function f(z) = (I) + i y to be
analytic function, the (I) and w must satisfy
21. Ans: (a)
Canchy — Reimann equations .
a ad) Sol: I= 1 dx
i.e., and D s2 —1
ax ay ax ay
option (b) is correct. =f
D 1) (S + 1) ds
1
19. Ans: (b) The singular points of 2 are given
s —1
Sol: Given that z = by s2 — 1 = 0 i.e, s = +1
But only s = 1 lies in the given contour D.
1 h. By Cauchy's Integral Formula, we have
iz = — + --1 = w ,
—
2 2 1/(s +1) ds 2 f(1)
where w is a root of x3 =1 _ / s —1
4
1424
• =W
where f(s) — 1
s +1
Z4 = W vv3 = )
I=2n =li i
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4;:, Engineering Publications : 341: Complex Variables
zn-1
Z
I= f cos z dz =2TC i (1) ( 0) Let f(z) = X(z) -
JcJ z (z-a)2
. I -= cos (0) = 27c i z"
Then f(z) = (
oz
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Engineering Publications : 342: Engineering Mathematics
(I)(z)
z+c0 z+c
I— dz
dz s z2
c z — z0 C
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: 343: Complex Variables
Here C is a unit circle IzI = 1 and the By Cauchy's Integral Formula and
singular point z = 0 lies inside C. Cauchy's Integral Theorem, we have
.*. By Cauchy's Integral Formula, we have 1
I= 1 2ni [ 1 + — 2in (0)
2 z 2
f ez dz = 2rci (RI )
zci
I=—
2
= 21ci (1) = 27cV=1
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1: Engineering Publications : 346: Engineering Mathematics
44 4,4,
1TC in
. (31
= iloge 2 (..• i= e 2 ) e13"14 = COS — ism —
4 4
. TC TC
logy= ixi— = — —
2 2
49. Ans: (a)
z2 — 4
y=e 2 Sol: Given I = 2 dz
c z + 4
47. Ans: (c)
- c z zo
(z)
' dz
2
Sol: Given that f(z)= 1
z+1 z+3 where C is the circle Iz—il = 2.
f(z) has singular points at z = —1, —3 z2 — 4
The singular points of f(z) = are
But only z = —1 lies inside the circle lz+11=1 z2 +4A
By Cauchy's Integral Formula and given by z2 + 4 = 0
Cauchy's Integral Theorem, we have z2 + 4 = 0
1 1 z = 2i, — 2i
i f(z)dz = f 1az 2 dz
2,71i cj 2.7Ej _ c z+1 c z+3
But only z = 2i lies inside 1z — i = 2
1 r
if (z)dz = 1 f 1 dz — ...By Cauchy's Integral Formula, we have
27ti c 2itj z+1
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Engineering Publications : 347: Complex Variables
4
~u,t =-e Ysinxanduy =-eYcosx Sol: The function f(z) = z2 has singular
-1
Let v(x, y) be the required imaginary part of
points at z = 1 and z = - 1.
analytic function f(z)
But only z = 1 lies inside the circle lz-11= 1
av av
Consider dv = —dx +—dy By Cauchy's Integral Formula, we have
ax ay 2 2
Z
, I = f z dz = f dz
= --dx + —ay z2 -1 (z +1)(z -1)
ay ax
( 2
= c--Y cos x dx - e-Y sin x dy Z
\z+l1
+1
= d (CY sin x) I dz
z -1
v(x, y) = e-Y sin x + c
z2
I = 2rci = Tr i
52. Ans: (c) Z 1
z=1
Sol: Let w = u + iv = f(z) = z z*
Then f(z) = (x + iy) (x - iy) 55. Ans: (c)
f(z) = x2 + y2 1+i (1+i)(1+i)
Sol: Consider
f(z) = 1 (... I zj= 1) 1-i 2
f(z)=1+0i 2i .
=-=1=0+1
u= 1 and v = 0 2
Let x + iy = 0 + i
All the points on 's' in the z-plane are
mapped to the point (1, 0) in the w-plane. ... Argument = tan-1 (Z =
\ tan-1 -
1
x1 0
TE
= tan -1 (00) = _
2
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angineeting Pubfications : 348: Engineering Mathematics
ax ay — = —0.511+ log e 2
1
5 z
au
= --dx + dy 3 dz
aY ax = —0.511+ i
5 2
= —2x dx + 2y dy
v(x, y) = —x2 + y2 + k 31 dz
I— = —0.511 + 1.57 i
5
57. Ans: (c)
Sol: Given that u(x, y) = x2—y2 for f(z) = u + i v 59. Ans: (b)
ux = 2x and uy = — 2y 2 — 3i
Let v(x, y) be the required imaginary part of Sol: Given that z =
—5+i
analytic function f(z) z— (2-3i) (-5—i)
av x
Consider dv = — dx + dy (-5+i) (-5—i)
ax ay
-13+13i
au au z=
dv = --dx + —dy 26
aY ax
1 i
dv = 2y dx + 2x dx 22
dv = 2(x dy + y dx) = 2 d(xy)
v(x, y) = 2xy + c 60. Ans: (b)
Sol: Given that f(z) = g(z) + h(z)
58. Ans: (b) If g(z) and h(z) are differentiable at zo then
f3 dz their sum f(z) is also differentiable at zo.
Sol: Given that I =
5 (Property of functions of complex variables)
3i
fdz option (b) is a correct statement.
(log z)35'
5 z
3i
dz
= log 3i — log 5
5
9 (z — zo)n+l
_1
(1+ 2)- Then f(z) has a singular point at z = zo.
R2 = Res [f(z) : z = —2] I= f f (z) dz=f 1 nI dz
(z — zo)
1
Lt [--
ci {(z+2)2 f(z)}1
(2 —1)! z dz where c is the circle Iz— zol = r.
But the singular point z = zo lies inside the
= Lt {(z+2)2 x 9 2 circle zol = r.
z—>-2 dz (z-1)(z+2)
By Cauchy's Integral Formula, we have
_ dz
R2= Lt { (z 9
z-9-2 1)2 c (z — z0 r
—9 276(")
— (zo ) = 0
(— 2 —1)2 n!
= —1
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Engineering Publications : 353: Complex Variables
44 _ 4..'•
... Res [f(z) : z = 0] = 1 which is the :. v(x, y) = -x2 + y2 + constant is a required
1 imaginary part of an analytic function f(z).
coefficient of in above expansion of
z-0
sin (z) 77. Ans: (a)
f (z) =
z2 • sin(x) dx
Sol: I=
-OD
x2 + 2x + 2
75. Ans: (b)
Im(elz)
(1:1(z) ez Let f(z) =
Sol: Let f(z) - z2 + 2z + 2
(z-z0 ) z-2 Then poles of f(z) are given by z2+ 2z+ 2 =0
Then f(z) has a singular point at z = 2. z=-1±i
(i) But given that a singular point z = 2 is Rl = Res(f(z):z = - 1 + i)
inside a contour C. eiz
=Lt [Z—(-1-Fin
By Cauchy's Integral Formula, [z-(-1+i)] [z-(-1-i)]
we have e
i(-1+0 Ci-1
1 ez 1 1-270 4)(211 -1+i+1+i 2i
dz
27-cj (z -2) 2rcj z = -1 - i does not lie in the upper half
= e2 plane.
= 7.39 r I (eiz)
(z)dz = 2 dz
z : 2z + 2
(ii)But given that a singular point z = 2 C C
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t Engineering Publications : 355: Complex Variables
= (ei -
= -27c {[cos(1) + i sin(1)]
The point z = 2 lies inside Izi = 3
-[cos(1)-i sin(1)11
z3 -2z+3
= -47ci sin(1) (z dz = ~(z)dzz
2) cz-2
85. where J(z) = z3 - 2z + 3
z2 +1 (0 ) By cauchy's integral formula
Sol: Lim 3 0 form
Z + 2z + 2) (I)(z) dz s -27ti(1)(2)
Applying L'Hospital rule C
z-2
2z = 27ri[8-4+3]
= Lim
z->i 3z2 + 2 - i(2z) = 14Tci
2(i) 2i
= 2i
3(-1)+ 2 -420 -3+2+2 88.
Sol: Let, f(z)= (x 2 + ay2 )+ i bxy = u + i v (say)
86. x2 + ay2
Where, u = v = bxy
Sol: The equation of the line C is y = x
= 2x , = -by
dy = dx uy = 2ay , v = bx
Then x varies from 0 to 1. Using C-R equations, we have
Now, u„ = vy & uy = - v„
I = f (x2 + iy2 )dz 2x = bx & 2ay = -by
b = 2 , a = -1
= f (x2 + ix2 )(dx idx)
0