Geography

Mountains, Volcanoes
and Earthquakes

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Volcanoes

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Volcanoes

Volcanoes

Tell me... What I think I know about Volcanoes What I would like to know about Volcanoes

Three things that you think you

know about Volcanoes
Three things that you would like to
know about Volcanoes

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What is a Volcano?
A volcano is a mountain or hill, which has a crater or vent at
the top. Lava (magma), rock fragments, hot vapour and gas
travel through the vent which has erupted from the Earth’s
crust. Its name comes from the Roman God of Fire, Vulcan.

Crater/Vent Lava (magma) Rock Hot vapour

Fragments

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What makes a Volcano?
ash/gas

side vent
crater
layers of ash
lava flow and lava

magma

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Parts of a Volcano?
Ash/Gas Vent

This is created when ash/gas Volcanic materials

volcanoes explode. escape through the
vent, it is an opening
side vent in the Earth’s surface.
crater
Lava/Magma layers of ash
lava flow and lava
Lava is also known as
Crater
magma, this is the hot liquid
rock which is hidden under magma
This is where the eruption
the Earth’s surface. Once it takes place, it is a large hole
comes out of the volcano, it surrounding the vent.
is called lava.

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Under the Earth’s Surface
Volcanoes are created Crust- This is the outer layer of the Earth. It
is made up of lots of different sized pieces,
by openings in the which overlap. These pieces are known as
tectonic plates and can be anything
Earth’s surface. between 5km- 10km thick.

The Mantle- This is the magma, it is

approximately 2900km thick.
Crust

The Outer Core- is a layer which is made up

Mantle of liquid, mostly iron and nickel. It is
approximately 2300km thick.
Outer Core

The Inner Core- is a solid ball which is made

of metal. It is believed to be as hot as the
Inner Core
sun’s surface!

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An erupting volcano lets the lava, hot vapour,
and the rock fragments escape through the
crater, sometimes creating violent and
spectacular eruptions.

An erupting volcano is also known

as an active volcano.

A dormant volcano is an An extinct volcano has not

active volcano, which is had an eruption for at
not currently eruptingbut least 10,000 years. It is
may erupt in the future. unlikely that an extinct
volcano will erupt again.

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What causes an eruption?
As the tectonic plates move within the Earth’s
crust, friction is created. This in turn, causes
earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

Crust

Mantle

Outer Core

Inner Core

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Where are volcanoes found?
Many of the world’s active volcanoes are located
around the edges of the Pacific Ocean.
One specific area which hosts a large number of
volcanoes is known as The Ring of Fire.

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The largest active volcano

in the world is known as Mauna Loa,
which is situated in Hawaii.
It measures 2000 square miles.
It is even taller than Mount Everest!

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Other Famous Volcanoes
Mount St Helen’s. Mount Vesuvius.
This volcano can be found in This volcano can be found in Naples,
Washington, USA. It erupted in 1980. Italy. It erupted in 79AD.
It is considered to be an active It has erupted over 50 times in the last
volcano and is watched carefully to 2000 years. It is over 1200m tall.
try and predict when it may erupt in It is believed to be around
the future. 17,000 years old.

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Your Tasks

Using the key word list, label the volcano

diagram

Label the volcano using your own labels and

vocabulary- how many labels can you add?

Label the volcano and add description to

each feature you find.

Finished? Challenges and Volcano Word search

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