P 279/3E

Diagrams-based problem-solving using P279/3E

 P
Steel 279/3E
L = 3m Aluminum
L = 4m
A = 900mm2 A = 600mm2
E = 70 GPa E = 200 GPa
α = 23 µm/m°C α = 11.7 µm/m°C
A

3m 3m 3m P = 50 kN
P
ΔT = 40°C

Problem: compute the stresses in the

vertical rods if the temperature rises
40°C after the load “P” is applied.
 P
Steel 279/3E
L = 3m Aluminum
L = 4m
A = 900mm2 A = 600mm2
E = 70 GPa E = 200 GPa
α = 23 µm/m°C α = 11.7 µm/m°C
A

3m 3m 3m P = 50 kN
P
ΔT = 40°C

The key to solving

problems is to begin with
what we (already) know…
 P
Aluminum Steel
279/3E
A 3m 3m 3m

The problem statement says

that the temperature rises
and a load P is applied, so,
there will be a δT and a δP
in both steel and aluminum
 P
Aluminum Steel
279/3E
A 3m 3m 3m
δ TA
δ TS

The problem statement says

that the temperature rises
and a load P is applied, so,
there will be a δT and a δP
in both steel and aluminum
 P
Aluminum Steel
279/3E
A 3m 3m 3m
δ TA
δ PA δ TS

δ PS

At this point, we don’t know (yet) the length of

the δT and of the δP in either the steel or the
aluminum, but we know already that aluminum
and steel will both have δT and δP
 P
Aluminum Steel
279/3E
A 3m 3m 3m
δ TA
δ PA δ TS

δ PS

So we simply indicate the

δT and the δP in the FBD’s
both steel and aluminum P
as components of the total
deformations in each rod
 P
Aluminum Steel
279/3E
A 3m 3m 3m
δ TA
δ PA δ TS

δ PS

Because the deformations

are combined effects of
δT and δP and in mathematics P
algebra, ‘combined’ is written as +
 P
Aluminum Steel
279/3E
A 3m 3m 3m
δ TA
δ PA δ TS

By similar
triangles… δ PS

δTA + δPA δTS + δPS

=
3 6 P

or 2δTA + 2δPA = δTS + δPS

 P
Aluminum Steel
279/3E
FA FS
A 3m 3m 3m

…and use the (geometry) deformation

diagram in conjunction with the force
diagram to solve the problem

∑MA = 0; 3 FA + 6 FS = 9 · 50 kN
FA + 2 FS = 150000 N
 P
279/3E
2δTA + 2δPA = δTS + δPS
FA = 150000 N - 2 FS
2·LA·40· α A + 2FA·LA/AA /EA = LS·40· α S + FS·LS/AS /ES
FA = 80,129.36 N
FS = -10,258.72 N
σA = 133.549 MPa (tensile)
σS = 11.399 MPa (compressive)
 Try the same approach P 268
Steel for P-268: knowing
Aluminum
simply that δS is a
combined effect of force
A and temperature…
δTS+ δPS

0.6m 1.2m

and see its effect on δ PA

the solution / answer
B
δTS + δPS δPA
=
0.6 1.2