Data using

Analytics
Introduction to R
 INTRODUCTION TO R
R is a statistical programming language commonly used for statistical
analysis, data visualization, and other forms of data manipulation.

R Packages R Core R Studio

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 R STUDIO IDE

Environment
Source

Files/Plots/Packages
Control
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 Arithmetic

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 SPACES BETWEEN CHARACTERS
Spaces between characters do not affect the code. It’s a good practice to add a space between
characters to make it easier to read.

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 Order of Operations

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 Order of Operations

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 Using Multiple Parenthesis

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 Variables
In programming languages, we need to use various variables to store various
information. Variables are the reserved memory location to store values. As we
create a variable in our program, some space is reserved in memory.

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 Variables
In programming languages, we need to use various variables to store various
information. Variables are the reserved memory location to store values. As we
create a variable in our program, some space is reserved in memory.

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 Variables Naming Conventions
In programming languages, we need to use various variables to store various
information. Variables are the reserved memory location to store values. As we
create a variable in our program, some space is reserved in memory.

x 2Dave (can't start with a number)

Total total_score% (can't have characters other
.mean.avgs.set than dot (.) or underscore (_)
total_minus_input .3total_score (can start with (.), but not
userAverageScores followed by a number
Dave17 _total_score (can't start with _ )

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 PROBLEM SOLVING PROCESS
Tools
OBJECTIVE
Prepare breakfast for the family

PROCEDURE
prepare the pan
add a little oil to the pan
Containers and get 1 egg
Ingredients
break and put the egg in the
pan
put salt
cook for 1 minute
remove the egg from the pan
repeat process 5 more times
DICT Cordilleras serve the breakfast
 Data Types and Data Structures

Data Data
Types Structures
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 Data Types

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 DATA 1 Vectors

STRUCTURES 2 Lists

3 Matrices

4 Arrays

5 Data Frames

6 Factors

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 Data Structures

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 Vector
In R, a sequence of elements which share the same data type is known as vector

Creating Vectors

1. Using the colon(:) operator

2. Using the seq() function

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 Vector
In R, a sequence of elements which share the same data type is known as vector

Creating Vectors

1. Using the c() function - combine

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 Vector
In R, a sequence of elements which share the same data type is known as vector

Creating Vectors

1. Using the c() function - combine

NOTE: c is variable
c() is the combine function

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 Vector
In R, a sequence of elements which share the same data type is known as vector

Accessing vector elements

Index number 5 not existing

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 Data Frame
Comprised of rows and columns, where elements of each column is of the same type

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 Data Frame
Comprised of rows and columns, where elements of each column is of the same type

Creating Data Frames Vectors as Columns

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 Data Frame
Comprised of rows and columns, where elements of each column is of the same type

Creating Data Frames

Import a CSV file into R

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 Data Frame
Comprised of rows and columns, where elements of each column is of the same type

Accessing Elements of a Data Frame

Returns items column as Vector

Access elements as vector

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 Data Frame
Comprised of rows and columns, where elements of each column is of the same type

Slicing the Data Frame

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Next : Data Exploration