Relative clause (часть) - Относительное

предложение/Придаточные предложения

Clause = S + V + obj.

Relate - относиться
Relation - отношение
Relationship - отношения между людьми
Relative - родственник
Related - знакомый
Are you guys related somehow? - Вы как-то
знакомы?

Relative pronouns - Относительные местоимения

= Question words

What, who, which, where, when, why, how,

whose, whom, etc.

There are two main functions of relative clause:

1.NON-ESSENTIAL RELATIVE CLAUSE: Add
details/description/extra information;
 The chessboard, which (которую) I bought on
Aliexpress, now stands on my office desk.

What did I buy on Aliexpress? – The

chessboard!

The park, where we used to walk a lot last

month, is now under snow.

My elder brother, who has recently come back

home, is now having breakfast.

Our neighbor, who was Mexican, has recently

passed away (=скончаться).

2.ESSENTIAL RELATIVE CLAUSE: To

mean/emphasize (подчеркнуть) specific
(определенный/конкретный) person, animal,
item, or event.

My teacher who prepared me for IELTS has

quitted his job.
A house where we used to live before caught
fire yesterday.
The girl who is sitting next to Jamila is Aziza.

S obj(=S)
She’s the teacher who came to our school last
week. (relative pronoun ‘who’ cannot be omitted)

Omit - пропускать

S obj (≠S)
I saw a friend (who/whom) I hadn’t seen for
many years. (here, relative pronoun ‘who’ can
be omitted because the object is a different
person)
 That (который) = who = which
То есть that может заменять эти два
относительных местоимения.

The flower which (=that) I planted wasn’t watered

for months.

The person who (=that) taught me how to live my

life is my father.

Whose – чей ______/ ______ которого

The man whose son couldn’t get IELTS 7.0 beat his
son until death. - Мужчина чей сын/сын которого
не смог получить 7 по IELTS избил своего сына
до смерти.

Владелец + whose + предмет

The teacher whose room is big always plays chess
with his assistant in it.
The door whose handle is broken needs repairing.

The cat whose tail is half-cut and who walks in our

neighborhood is called Vasya.

BUT: Elephants which have longer trunks seem

attractive to female species.

When we talk about items and their possession we

can use ‘whose’ as well as ‘noun + of which’

That’s the bag a handle of which is broken.

We use ‘that’
- With NO commas OR prepositions
- With superlatives (превосходная степень)
This is the most beautiful picture that I have
ever seen!
- With ‘something’, ‘anything’, ‘nothing’, ‘none’,
‘many’, ‘few’, ‘all’
Something that I don’t understand is why you
fought with your best friend.
You can do anything that you set your mind to.
Nothing that you said before is important to
me.
I can see none (of coins) that personally
interests me.

People are arrogant. I’ve seen many (=people)

that cannot accept facts.

There are few (people) that care about your

health.

All that matters is you and I.

Prepositions in relative clause:

Chemistry is the subject which I am least

interested in. (more usual) = Chemistry is the
subject in which I am least interested. (formal)

You are the person who I need to talk to = You

are the person to whom I need to talk.

Omit or not omit? That’s the question!

2002 is the year (when) I was born.
Yangiyo’li is the town (where) in which I came to
this world.
The reason why Mustafo laughed is because
he couldn’t remember his dog’s name.

ESSENTIAL:

NON-ESSENTIAL: