DPM 27

A to E

A. Words along with their meaning, Pronunciation and usage

Tenacity /tɪˈnasɪti/

[Noun] 1) the quality or fact of being able to grip something firmly; grip.

2) the quality of being very determined; determination.

3) the quality or fact of continuing to exist; persistence.

Usage 1) – The sheer tenacity of dogs is proverbial.

Usage 2) – She fought the disease with tenacity.

Usage 3) – The tenacity of certain myths within historical records is remarkable.

Origin - tenac(ious) + -ity, from Middle French ténacité, from Latin tenācitās.

Terse /təːs/

[Adjective] sparing in the use of words; abrupt.

Usage – The government issued a terse statement regarding the issue.

Origin – early-17th century: from Latin tersus ‘wiped, polished’, from the verb tergere. The
original sense was ‘polished, trim, spruce’, (relating to language) ‘polished, polite’, hence
‘concise and to the point’ (late 18 th century).

Tirade /tʌɪˈreɪd,tɪˈreɪd/

[Noun] a long, angry speech of criticism or accusation.

Usage – The policy brought up a tirade of comments.

Origin – early-19th century: from French, literally ‘long speech’, from Italian tirata ‘volley’, from
tirare ‘to pull’.

Transcendental /ˌtransɛnˈdɛnt(ə)l,ˌtrɑːnsɛnˈdɛnt(ə)l/

[Adjective] 1) relating to a spiritual realm.

2) relating to or denoting Transcendentalism.

3) (in Kantian philosophy) presupposed in and necessary to experience; a priori.

4) (of a number like ∏) real but not a root of an algebraic equation with rational
coefficients.

Usage 1) The transcendental importance of each person’s soul cannot be quantified.

Origin - early 17th century: from medieval Latin transcendentalis.

Trepidation /ˌtrɛpɪˈdeɪʃ(ə)n/

[Noun] 1) a feeling of fear or anxiety about something that may happen.

2) (Archaic) trembling movements or motion.

Usage 1) – The men set off in fear and trepidation.

Origin – late-15th century: from Latin trepidatio(n- ), from trepidare ‘be agitated, tremble’, from
trepidus ‘alarmed’.

Turncoat /ˈtəːnkəʊt/

[Noun] a person who deserts one party or cause in order to join an opposing one.

Usage – They denounced him as a turncoat and a liar.

Origin – comes from the ancient practice of wearing a badge or pin on one's coat signifying the
party or leader you supported. By "turning your coat" you quite literally hid your allegiance to
others.
Turn of phrase

[Phrase] a person’s particular or characteristic manner of expression.

Usage – They used a vituperative turn of phrase to place the blame squarely on him.

The writing is on the wall

[Phrase] clear signs that a situation is going to become very difficult or unpleasant.

Usage – After two defeats, the writing is on the wall for the team manager.

Tabula rasa

[Latin] empty slate. Starting from scratch with no preconceptions, it can suggest open-ended or
open-minded.

Usage – If we start from a tabula rasa, then anything is possible.

Tout le monde

[French] everyone. The sense is of everyone of any social importance.

Usage – His parties were frequented by absolutely tout le monde.

B. RC Passage (with Link)

Article 1: https://medium.com/digital-reflections/digital-natives-and-digital-immigrants-how-are-
they-different-e849b0a8a1d3

This article distinguishes ‘digital natives’ (those born after the 1980s) from digital immigrants
(those born before the 1980s). While the former, having grown up using technology, are
comfortable in the digital age, the latter are fearful about using technology, as they were not raised
in a digital environment. Digital natives are said to ‘think and process information fundamentally
differently’ to digital immigrants, who ‘process information slowly’. The article also identifies
distinct categories within both groups and also lists what one can learn from each of the two
groups of people.

Article 2: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/the-far-rights-disruption-of-
globalisation/article29161108.ece

This article argues that while the recent tariff war launched by the U.S. against China seems to
go against the former’s own agenda of trade liberalization and globalization, the real reasons for
its ideological pragmatism have much to do with domestic political compulsions. According to the
article, the Trump administration’s anti-China rhetoric is actually aimed at assuaging the U.S.
manufacturing lobby and the far right—including farmers and blue-collared workers—that mainly
comprise Trump’s voter base. The author finds this U-turn ‘opportunistic and fickle’, especially
since Mr. Trump’s actions have disrupted globalization.

Article 3: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/a-strange-paradox-for-indian-
women/article26449536.ece

This article argues that better education has not meant better job opportunities or marriage
prospects or freedom of movement for Indian women. Citing data on education and employment,
the author infers that though women of all age groups have increased their educational
qualifications, this has not really translated into better income-earning opportunities or a greater
autonomy in other areas of their lives. Lamenting that women have always been seen as mere
‘extensions of their husbands and fathers,’ the author argues that it is time the political
establishment started creating economic and social opportunities for them.

Article 4: https://techxplore.com/news/2020-03-young-people-digital-natives-inequality.html

This article argues that, contrary to popular perception about ‘digital natives’, some young people
have very low levels of data literacy. Based on a research study involving three areas of data
literacy—viz. data thinking, data doing, and data participation—the author finds that not all
members of the ‘digital native’ generation have similar experiences of technology. While, on the
surface, they may look like the typical ‘digital natives’, young people display a variety of digital
inequalities which also correspond with other key elements of economic, social and cultural
inequality.

Article 5: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/02/200218104741.htm

Scientists have taken a major step toward a circular carbon economy by developing a long-lasting,
economical catalyst that recycles greenhouse gases into ingredients that can be used in fuel, hydrogen
gas, and other chemicals. The results could be revolutionary in the effort to reverse global warming,
according to the researchers.
C. RC Passage (with Questions)

Do the constraints on genetic engineering mean that any meaningful alteration human nature is
off the table for the foreseeable future? There are several reasons to be cautious in coming to
such a judgment prematurely .The first has to do with the remarkable and largely unanticipated
speed of scientific and technological developments in life Sciences .There is no way of
predicting what kinds of shortcuts may appear in future years to reduce the complexity of the
task ahead.

That the multiple functions of genes and gene interactions are highly complex does not mean
that all human genetic engineering will be on hold until we fully understand them . New drugs
are invented ,tested ,and approved for use all the time without the manufacturers knowing
exactly how they produce their effects .In pharmacology ,side effects go unrecognized ,or a drug
will interact with other drugs on conditions in ways that were totally unanticipated when it was
first introduced .Genetic engineers will tackle simple problems first ,and then work their way up
the ladder of complexity. While it is likely that higher order behaviors are the result of the
complex interactions of many genes ,we don't know that this is invariably the case . We may
stumble on relatively simple genetic interventions that produce dramatic changes in
behavior .The issue of human experimentation is a serious obstacle to rapid development of
genetic engineering but by no means an insuperable one .The question of whether the eugenic
or dysgenic effects of genetic engineering could ever become sufficiently widespread to affect
human nature itself is similarly an open one . Designer babies will be expensive at first and an
option only for the well-to-do .Whether having a designer baby will ever become cheap and
relatively popular will depend on how rapidly technologies like preimplantation diagnosis come
down the cost curve.

There are precedents , however ,for new medical technologies having population level effects
as a result of millions of individual choices . One has to look no further than contemporary
Asia ,where a combination of cheap sonograms and easy access to selective abortion has led
to a dramatic shifting of sex ratios .The ratio in the People's Republic of China is 117 boys for
every 100 girls and in Korea 122 boys for every 100 girls . If a biotechnology of the future
produces ,a safe way to genetically engineer more intelligent children ,then the stakes would
immediately be raised .An advanced Democratic welfare state would reenter the eugenics
game ,intervening this time not to prevent low IQ people from breeding , but to help genetically
disadvantaged people raise their IQs and the IQs of their offspring’s. It would be the state ,under
these circumstances ,that would make sure that the technology became cheap and accessible
to all .And at that point ,a population-level effect would very likely emerge.

That human genetic engineering will lead to unintended consequences is not an argument that it
will never be attempted .The history of technological development is littered with new
technologies that produce long-term consequences that lead to their modification or even
abandonment .No large hydroelectric projects have been undertaken anywhere in the
developed world for the past couple of generations ,despite periodic energy crisis and rapidly
growing demand for power .Human genetic engineering is only the 4th pathway to the
future ,and the most far-off stage in the development of biotechnology .We do not today have
the ability to modify human nature in any significant way ,and it may turn out that the human
race will never achieve this ability .But two points need to be made.

Firstly ,even if genetic engineering never materializes ,the first three stages of development in
biotechnology - greater knowledge about genetic causation ,neuropharmacology ,and the
prolongation of life - will have important consequences for the 21st century .These
developments will be hugely controversial because they will challenge dearly held notions of
human equality and the capacity for moral choice ;they will give societies new techniques for
controlling the behavior of their citizens ;they will upend existing social hierarchies and effect the
rate of intellectual ,Material ,and political progress ;and they will affect the nature of global
politics .Secondly even if genetic engineering on a species level remains 100 years away ,it is
the most consequential of all future developments in biotechnology .The reason is that human
nature is fundamental to our notions of justice ,morality and the good life ,and all of these will
undergo change if this technology becomes widespread.
Q1) The author uses the skewed gender proportion of certain Asian countries to show

(A) the misuse of new technological development.

(B) that individual choices of people can lead to a population level effect.
(C) the widespread use of a new technology before the pros and cons are analyzed.
(D) the use of new technology in unexpected ways specially in developing countries.

Q2) The author uses the example of hydroelectric projects

(A) to support his view that research in genetic engineering will go ahead even if scientists
are not sure of the consequences.
(B) to assert that programs in science always have both positive and negative effects.
(C) to show that it takes decades before the flaw or weakness in a new discovery shows up.
(D) to illustrate how with each breakthrough in science man presumes to have conquered
nature and overtime realizes his folly.

Q3) How does the passage answer the question posed at its opening?

(A) Developments in genetic engineering would be slow and hence not likely to have an
impact in the foreseeable future.
(B) The changes brought about in the field would be expensive and limited to a small section
of the population who can afford it.
(C) With the complexity of the subject and government regulations to contend with there
need renewed fear of human nature being affected in 100 years or more.
(D) Our experience of developments in life Sciences suggests that genetic engineering
could affect human nature itself.

Q4) Which of the following statements reflect the authors opinion?

(a) Genetic engineering is bound to become as prevalent as diagnostic tests are today .
 (b) Developments in biotechnology will have far reaching effects on social , moral and
political life.
(c) Our behaviors are the result of complex interaction of genes and hence they can't be
altered by genetic engineering.
(d) A widespread application of genetic engineering would affect the very fundamentals of
human life.
(e) Made to order baby is still a long way off.

(A) Only a and c (B) Only b and d (C) Only b ,d and e (D) Only a, b
and c

Q5) Select a proverb that is in keeping with the content of the passage.

(A) Fools rush in where Angels fear to tread.

(B) No risk no gain.
(C) Act in haste and repent in leisure.
(D) Change is the only unchanging fact of life.
D. Quantitative Aptitude

Q.1. A man going in his car finds that the distance he has covered is equal to the sum of the two
quantities, one of which varies with time (t) and the second varies, with t 2, (that has elapsed from
the start). After 5s, the man has covered 100 m and after 6 s the man has covered 138 m. How
far away from the starting point is the man after a time of 20 s?

(A) 400 m (В) 1300 m (C) 1200 m (D) 1250 m

Q.2. Garjana Constructions has 3313 % of its employees as women. 50% of these women are
married and 33.33% of the married women have children. 75% of the men are married and
66.67% of the married men have children. If no two employees are married to each other what
fraction of the employees do not have children?

Q.3. Ajay and Ajit start simultaneously from point A and run around a circular race track in the
same direction after agreeing on certain conditions. Every time either one overtakes the other,
the former would give the latter as many tokens as the latter has. But if either one overtakes the
other at the starting point then the latter would give half of what he has, to the former. Ajay runs
at a constant speed that is five times the speed of Ajit. Ajit had only one token initially and Ajay
had 246 tokens at the end of the race which ends at A. How many tokens could Ajay have had in
the beginning?

(A) 247 (В) 501 (C) 500 (D) 499

Directions for questions 4 and 5: These questions are based on the following data. There are
ten taps numbered 1 to 10 that can fill a cistern. The rates at which these taps fill the cistern are
such that the rate of the n th tap (where n ≥ 2) is 2/3 rd the cumulative rate of all the taps that are
numbered below it.
Q.4. If the total time taken to fill the cistern by all the 10 taps together is 1 minute, then how many
minutes would the 6th tap take when working alone to fill it?

42 42 8 47
(A) 12 75 (B) 12 45 (C) 20 15 (D) 19162

Q.5. If the total time taken to fill the cistern by all the10 taps together is 1 minute, then find the
time taken by the first 7 taps together to fill it.

17 14 21 25
(А) 4 min (B) 5 min (C) 3 min (D) 3 min
27 15 27 37

Q.6.

In the figure, BD/DC = 2/3 and AO/OD = 1/2. Find

(𝐴𝐹 2 × 𝐴𝐸 ) + (𝐵𝐹 2 × 𝐸𝐶 )
(𝐴𝐹 2 × 𝐸𝐶 ) + (𝐵𝐹 2 × 𝐴𝐸 )

145 509
(А)509 (B) 145 (C) 1 (D) 𝐶𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑏𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑

√5−1 √5+1
Q.7. If 𝑠𝑖𝑛 180 = 4
, 𝑐𝑜𝑠 360 = 4
, then the value of 𝑡𝑎𝑛 90 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 270 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 630 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 810 is

Q.8. If p and q are the roots of the equation x 2 - ax - 1 = 0 and r, s are the roots of x2 – bx - 1 = 0,
the value of (r + p) (s + p) (r - q) (s - q) is -----
(A) 2 (a2 – b2) (B) (a2 + b2) (C) 2 (b2 – a2) (D) b2 – a2

Q.9. From a collection of umbrellas hung in a row, one or more can be selected in 511 ways. In
how many ways can 4 umbrellas be selected such that the selection contains no two consecutive
umbrellas?

(A) 45 (B) 28 (C) 36 (D) 15

Q.10. How many six-digit numbers of the form ‘ababab’, where a & b are single digits which are
not necessarily distinct are multiple of 111?

(A) 99 (B) 91 (C) 100 (D) 90

E. DILR – 1 Set

Directions for questions 1 to 4: These questions are based on the information given below.

Each person among the ten people - Abhinav, Bhargav, Charan, David, Emmanuel, Gregory,
Jacob Kevin, Mukesh and Nayan - are staying in a colony in different houses arranged in two
rows which face each other. Each of the houses is colored with a different color among Violet,
Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange, Red, Black, Pink and White. Each one of the houses which
are in a row is exactly opposite to one house in the other row. It is also known that

(i) Black coloured building is opposite to the Pink coloured building.

(ii) Bhargav and David live in the same row as that of Jacob and Mukesh.

(iii) Kevin's house is opposite to Mukesh's house but not in the same row as that of Abhinav.

(iv) Bhargav is residing in the Black coloured house which is at one of the ends and has
Mukesh’s house to its immediate right.

(v) Gregory is the only person residing in between Emmanuel and Nayan.

(vi) Yellow coloured building is in between Abhinav and Jacob's buildings.

(vii) Charan's house is diagonally opposite to Abhinav’s house, which is the Blue coloured
building.

(viii) Nayan, who is staying in the Orange coloured buildings, is in between Violet and Indigo
coloured buildings.

(ix) Red and White coloured buildings are adjacent to each other and the Red coloured
building is opposite to the Orange coloured building.

1. In which coloured building is Charan staying?

(A) Black (B) Pink (C) Orange (D) Yellow

2. Which coloured building is opposite the Yellow coloured building?

(A) Violet (B) Indigo (C) Green (D) Cannot be determined

3. Which of the following statements is definitely true?

(A) Gregory is staying in the Indigo coloured building

(B) Mukesh is staying in the Indigo coloured building.

(C) Green and Violet coloured buildings are adjacent to each other.

(D) Emmanuel is staying in the Green coloured building.

4. In which colored building is George staying

(A) Violet (B) Indigo (C) Yellow (D) Cannot be determined.