ASSUMPTA TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL

Sta. Monica, San Simon, Pampanga

S.Y. 2023 – 2024
MODULE IN GENERAL PHYSICS 2
Grade 12
TERM: FINAL
I. Topic: Circuits
II. Time Frame: Week 1
III. Most Essential Learning Competency
1. Draw circuit diagrams with power sources (cell or battery), switches, lamps,
resistors (fixed and variable) fuses, ammeters, and voltmeters.
2. Evaluate the equivalent resistance, current, and voltage in a given network of
resistors connected in series and/or parallel.
3. Describe the physiological effects of electrical shock; electrical hazards; safety
devices and procedures.
IV. Learning Objectives:
1. Describe a circuit.
2. Draw circuit diagrams with power sources (cell or battery), switches, lamps,
resistors (fixed and variable) fuses, ammeters and voltmeters.
3. Differentiate series from parallel circuits.
4. Cite advantages and disadvantages of using series and parallel circuits.
5. Evaluate the equivalent resistance, current, and voltage in a given network of
resistors connected in series and/or parallel.
6. Describe the physiological effects of electrical shock; electrical hazards; safety
devices and procedures.
7. Practice safety when dealing with electricity.
8. Take life-giving decisions.
V. Learning Activities
Opening Prayer
In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the HolySpirit. Amen
ACT OF CONTRITION
My God, I am sorry for my sins. With all my heart. In choosing
to do wrong and failing to do good. I have sinned against you
whom I should love above all things. I firmly intend, with your
help, to do penance, to sin no more, and to avoid whatever
leads me to sin. Our savior Jesus Christ suffered and died for
us, in His name, my God, have mercy. Amen.
In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.
Amen

Review
In the past modules, we have talked about the different quantities such as current,
voltage, and resistance. It is important to understand these quantities to analyze circuits. This
module will further present the application of Ohm’s law in circuits. You will be introduced
to the multiple load circuits and the safety when dealing with electricity.
ATHS Module for Grade 12 General Physics 2: Circuits| 1
 Input
Circuits
A conducting loop in which current can transfer electrical energy from a suitable source
to a useful load/s is called an electric circuit. A simple circuit has at least three basic parts: a
voltage source, a conducting loop, and a resistor/load. Here are the uses of these essential parts
of a simple circuit:
a. A voltage source provides the voltage needed
to force current through the circuit. An
example of voltage source is a battery.
b. A conductor is where the current travels. An
example of conductor is a copper wire.
c. A load converts electrical energy into some
other useful forms like light bulbs or electric
motors. Like what we have learned in the
previous modules, different loads have https://i.pinimg.com/originals/16/96/fb/1696fbbabf276
656bcd4efa45cd71c11.jpg
different amounts of resistance.

A control device or switch which opens or closes the circuit and a protection device like
a fuse, which interrupts the circuit in case of a malfunction may also be added in a circuit.
Where do you usually observe or use simple circuits?

http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger
/1198/615/400/Picture%20224.jpg

While simple circuits are used in devices like

flashlights or used by street food vendors to light
their stalls or products like the fish ball vendor,

‘adobong mani’ vendor or ‘balut’ vendor, most circuits that we have consist of two or more
loads. These circuits are called multiple-load circuits. They can be classified as series circuits
or parallel circuits.
Series Circuits

A series circuit has two or more loads butcurrent

flows through a single conducting path. In a series
circuit, if any part of the circuit is open, current
stops flowing and voltage and power are removed
from all loads. One way to determine which load
isopen is to measure the individual voltages.

https://cdn.britannica.com/16/1509
16-050-40787992/series-circuit.jpg
ATHS Module for Grade 12 General Physics 2: Circuits| 2
The voltage drop of the load that is open is equal to the entiresource
voltage. An example of this type of multiple load circuit are some old
Christmas lights wherein all lights would not light up even when just a
single bulb burns out. https://media.wired.com/photos/59322
dff58b0d64bb35d0188/master/w_2560
%2Cc_limit/GettyImages-165517356.jpg
Parallel Circuit

A parallel circuit has more than one path for

current to flow. It allows operation of other loads even
if one load fails. The electrical circuit used in homes
consists of many parallel circuits. Among cars, the
electric system is also in parallel connection. The
heater motor, lights, stereo, and other loads operate
independently of the others.
Network

Some loads/resistors are arranged in a combination of parallel and series circuits and of
different voltages. This type of circuit is called a network. Examples of network include the
electrical wiring used in big buildings and structures.
Circuit Diagrams
If there are so many components in a circuit, it may not be very easy to use pictorial
diagrams to present a circuit. This is where the use of a schematic diagram comes in. The
different electrical components can be drawn using symbols.
Here are some of the common electrical components/ devices and their symbols.

http://dhs-science.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/3/4/60344039/5861607_orig.png
You may want to study more electrical components and their symbol, here’s a site you could
visit: https://forumautomation.com/t/why-do-we-need-electrical-and-electronic-symbols-and-why-are-electrical-symbols-important/7844.
ATHS Module for Grade 12 General Physics 2: Circuits| 3
Check for Understanding
I. Given the symbols on the previous page, draw the schematic diagram for the following
circuits:
1.

https://mammothmemory.net/physics/ele
ctricity/simple-electrical-circuits/simple-
electrical-circuits.html

2.

https://www.vnaya.com/what-are-
series-and-parallel-circuits/

3.

https://shsphysics11.weebly.com/se
ries-and-parallel-circuits.html

ATHS Module for Grade 12 General Physics 2: Circuits| 4

II. Identify the circuit below as simple, series, parallel or network.

ATHS Module for Grade 12 General Physics 2: Circuits| 5

Current, Voltage and Resistance in a Series and Parallel Circuit
Rules for Resistance in Series Circuits
1. The current that flows through each resistance is the same as the total current
throughout the circuit.
IT=I1=I2=I3=…=In
2. The sum of the individual voltage drops is the same as the applied voltage.
VT=V1+V2+V3+…+Vn
3. The total resistance is equal to the sum of the individual resistances.
RT=R1+R2+R3+…+Rn

Rules for Resistance in Parallel Circuits

1. The total current that flows through the circuit is the sum of the currents in the
separate resistances. IT=I1+I2+I3+…+In
2. The voltage drop in each resistor is the same as the magnitude of the voltage applied.
VT=V1=V2=V3=…=Vn
3. The reciprocal of the total resistance is equal to the sum of the reciprocal of the
separate resistances.
1/RT =1/R1+1/R2+1/R3+…+1/Rn
Sample Problems:
1. A TV set, a stove, and a flat iron are connected in series to a 220 –V line. The
resistance of the TV is 20 Ω, the stove, 50 Ω and the flat iron, 35 Ω. Find the (a) total
resistance, (b) the amount of current flowing in each device, and (c) the voltage drop
across each device.
Given:
R1= 20 Ω
R2= 50 Ω
R3= 35 Ω
VT= 220 V
Unknown:
a. RT
b. I1, I2, and I3
c. V1, V2, and V3
a. Formula: RT=R1+R2+R3
Substitution: RT= 20 Ω+ 50 Ω+ 35 Ω
Answer: RT=105 Ω

ATHS Module for Grade 12 General Physics 2: Circuits| 6

 b. From Ohm’s Law Since in a series circuit, the amount of current
Formula: IT=VT/RT flowing in each device is the same as the total
current flowing in line, then,
Substitution: IT=220 V/105 Ω
IT=I1=I2=I3= 2.10 A
Answer: IT= 2.10 A
c.

Formula: V1=I1R1 Formula: V2=I2R2 Formula: V3=I3R3

Substitution: V1=(2.10 A)(20 Ω) Substitution: V2=(2.10 A)(50 Ω) Substitution: V3=(2.10 A)(35 Ω)
Answer: V1=42 V Answer: V2=105 V Answer: V3=73.5 V

Note: The total voltage is about 220 V.

2. A refrigerator and a rice cooker are connected in parallel to a 220-V line. The current
in the refrigerator is 10 A and in the rice cooker is 4 A. Find (a) the resistance of each
device, (b) the total resistance, (c) the current flowing in the line.
Given:
I1= 10 A
I2= 4A
VT= 220 V
Unknown:
a. R1 and R2
b. RT
c. IT
a. Formula: Since the circuit is parallel, VT=V1=V2. From Ohm’s Law, R=V/I, and so, for the
refrigerator: R1=V1/I1
Substitution: R1=220V/10 A
Answer: R1=22 Ω
for the rice cooker: R2=V2/I2
Substitution: R2=220V/4 A
Answer: R2=55 Ω

b. Formula: 1/RT =1/R1+1/R2

Substitution: 1/RT =1/22 Ω +1/55 Ω
1/RT= 5+2
110𝗇
110 𝗇
RT = 7
Answer: RT= 15.71 Ω
c. Formula: IT=I1+I2
Substitution: : IT=10 A +4 A
Answer: IT= 14A
ATHS Module for Grade 12 General Physics 2: Circuits| 7
Check for Understanding
A. The total resistance in the following circuits is indicated below each diagram. Show
the solution.

RT=1.2 Ω RT=7 Ω RT=14 Ω

B. Solve the problem below by writing the given, formula, and substitution. The final
answers are indicated.

If three identical lamps are connected to a 6V battery, what is the voltage drop
across each lamp? If connected in series? (Answers: 6V, 2V)

ATHS Module for Grade 12 General Physics 2: Circuits| 8

C. Given the circuit diagram, complete the table.

https://physics.info/circuits-r/practice.shtml

Voltage Current Resistance

I1= R1=
V1=
I2= R2=
V2=
I3= R3=
V3=
IT= RT=
VT=

https://physics.info/circuits-r/practice.shtml

Voltage Current Resistance

I1= R1=
V1=
I2= R2=
V2=
I3= R3=
V3=
IT= RT=
VT=

ATHS Module for Grade 12 General Physics 2: Circuits| 9

 Applications, Advantages and Disadvantages of Series and Parallel Circuits
Here are some applications, advantages and disadvantages of series and parallel
circuits enumerated by electricaldundablog.com
Series Circuits
APPLICATIONS
-Series resistive circuits are used in low power circuits.
-Series Circuits are used in voltage divider circuits.
ADVANTAGES
-Easy to design and build the circuit.
-If a component breaks, the current flow stops.
-It acts as a current regulator.
-The cost to build a Series Circuit is less compared to Parallel Circuit.
DISADVANTAGES
If a single bulb in series is blown, then no current will flow in the circuit.
If the load is increased i.e. if more bulbs are connected then the light gets dimmer.
Parallel Circuit
APPLICATIONS
-The electrical wiring to the power points in every household is in the form of Parallel
Circuits.
-The dc power supply in automobile industry uses Parallel Circuits.
-The computer hardware is designed using Parallel Circuits.
ADVANTAGES
-Equal voltage is distributed to each component in the circuit.
-The current is not affected even when more components (resistors) are added or removed
from the circuit.
DISADVANTAGES
-It is more complicated to design compared to series circuits.
-Expensive to build.
-Short circuit can occur accidentally in parallel wiring and might be dangerous.
-Even if one of the components is faulty, the current can still pass through the circuit.
Whether dealing with a simple circuit, series, parallel, or network, one must be very
cautious and practice safety precaution especially when dealing with great voltage. Since
electricity runs most of our appliances and gadgets at home, we cannot help but deal with and
utilize them. We shall enjoy the benefits of electricity while avoiding an experience of electric
shock which occurs when a person comes into contact with an electrical energy source.
Electrical energy flows through a portion of the body causing a shock. Exposure to electrical
energy may result in no injury at all or may result to electrocution. The amount of current that
passes through the body is the actual measure of the shock intensity. This intensity is also
dependent on the path taken by the current.

ATHS Module for Grade 12 General Physics 2: Circuits| 10

 Here are some of the physiological effects of electricity as enumerated by ebme.co.uk.
1. Electrolysis. The movement of ions of opposite polarities in opposite directions through a
medium is called electrolysis and can be made to occur by passing DC current through body
tissues or fluids. If a DC current is passed through body tissues for a period of minutes,
ulceration begins to occur. Such ulcers, while not normally fatal, can be painful and take long
periods to heal.
2. Burns. When an electric current pass through any substance having electrical resistance, heat
is produced. The amount of heat depends on the power dissipated (I2R). Whether or not the
heat produces a burn depends on the current density. Human tissue is capable of carrying
electric current quite successfully. Skin normally has a fairly high electrical resistance while
the moist tissue underneath the skin has a much lower resistance. Electrical burns often produce
their most marked effects near to the skin, although it is fairly common for internal electrical
burns to be produced, which, if not fatal, can cause long lasting and painful injury.
3. Muscle cramps. When an electrical stimulus is applied to a motor nerve or a muscle, the
muscle does exactly what it is designed to do in the presence of such a stimulus i.e. it contracts.
The prolonged involuntary contraction of muscles (tetanus) caused by an external electrical
stimulus is responsible for the phenomenon where a person who is holding an electrically live
object can be unable to let go.
4. Respiratory arrest. The muscles between the ribs (intercostal muscles) need to repeatedly
contract and relax in order to facilitate breathing. Prolonged tetanus of these muscles can
therefore prevent breathing.
5. Cardiac arrest. The heart is a muscular organ, which needs to be able to contract and relax
repetitively in order to perform its function as a pump for the blood. Tetanus of the heart
musculature will prevent the pumping process.
6. Ventricular fibrillation. The ventricles of the heart are the chambers responsible for pumping
blood out of the heart. When the heart is in ventricular fibrillation, the musculature of the
ventricles undergoes irregular, uncoordinated twitching resulting in no net blood flow. The
condition proves fatal if not corrected in a very short space of time. Ventricular fibrillation can
be triggered by very small electrical stimuli. A current as low as 70 mA flowing from hand to
hand across the chest, or 20µA directly through the heart may be sufficient. It is for this reason
that most deaths from electric shock are attributable to the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation.
Have you experienced an electric shock or electrocution? Have you seen a fire caused
by faulty electrical wiring? Share your experience with the class.

ATHS Module for Grade 12 General Physics 2: Circuits| 11

 Again, while electricity plays a very important role in our lives by providing comfort
and making our work easier, there are risks in dealing with it. It is very important to take safety
precautions when working with electricity. Here are some tips for using electricity safely.

1. Avoid water at all times when working with electricity. Never touch
or try repairing any electrical equipment or circuits with wet hands. It
increases the conductivity of the electric current.

2. Never use equipment with frayed cords, damaged insulation or

broken plugs. Replace or repair damaged power cords. If you see
the protective coating on a wire is stripped away, be sure to replace
it or cover it with electrical tape as soon as possible.

3. If you are working on any receptacle at your home

then always turn off the mains. It is also a good idea
to put up a sign on the service panel so that nobody
turns the main switch ON by accident.

4. Don’t overload your outlets. Avoid octopus wiring.

Every outlet in your home is designed to deliver a certain
amount of electricity; by plugging too many devices into it
at once, you draw more electricity than the wires are
supposed to handle, causing wires to overheat, which can
then cause a fire or small explosion.

5. Always use proper insulated tools, gloves, and

goggles while working on any branch circuit or any
other electrical circuit.

ATHS Module for Grade 12 General Physics 2: Circuits| 12

 There are other practices that can keep you safe when dealing with electricity. They are
the following.

1. Earthing
Have you ever experienced an electric shock while
singing in a videoke? If yes, it might be caused by the absence
of earthing. What is earthing and why is it important? Let us
find out!
Earthing is the act of connecting the metal casing of
the appliance to earth via a wired connection to the bare
ground.
Earthing wires usually have green and yellow bands around them. Why do you need
earthing? Consider this scenario: The live wire is frayed and touched the metal casing of the
appliance. The appliance do not have an earthing cable. You touched the metal casing of the
appliance. Your body would have completed the circuit. That is, electricity will pass through
your body. The current is not high enough to trigger the breaking of fuse in the power plug.
Therefore you get electrocuted or feel an electric shock.

On the other hand, if you have earthing

(connecting the metal casing to the ground), the current
will have two paths to take to complete the circuit: the
low resistance earthing wire or your body. Since your
body has a very high electrical resistance when
compared to the earthing wire, the current will be
flowing through the low resistance earthing wire
instead of your body. Hence, the earthing will divert
the current into the earth by providing an alternate path
to the large current flow via earth wire, rather than
through the user’s body preventing you to experience
Earthing electrocution or electric shock.

2. Double Insulation

There are some appliances which do NOT have an

earth wire. They have another way to protect the user:
double insulation. Double insulation protects the user of
the appliance from an electrical shock by preventing any
possibility of the external casing becoming live (thelive
wire cannot touch the casing even if wires inside
become loose), thus eliminating the need for an earth
connection. The two layers of insulation are:
-First insulation: Insulating electrical cable from the
internal component of the appliance.
-Second insulation: Insulating internal metal part which
could become live from the external casing. Wires with double insulation

ATHS Module for Grade 12 General Physics 2: Circuits| 13

 3. Use of Safety Devices
Here are some safety devices you should use at home.
a. Fuse
A fuse is an electrical safety device built around a conductive strip that is designed to melt and
separate in the event of excessive current. Fuses are always connected in series with the
component(s) to be protected from overcurrent, so that when the fuse blows (opens) it will open
the entire circuit and stop current through the component(s).
b. Circuit Breaker
Circuit breakers are specially designed switches that automatically open to stop current in the
event of an overcurrent condition. Small circuit breakers, such as those used in residential,
commercial, and light industrial service are thermally operated. They contain a bimetallic strip
(a thin strip of two metals bonded back-to-back) carrying circuit current, which bends when
heated. When enough force is generated by the bimetallic strip (due to overcurrent heating of
the strip), the trip mechanism is actuated and the breaker will open.
Because circuit breakers don’t fail when subjected to overcurrent conditions—rather, they
merely open and can be re-closed by moving a lever—they are more likely to be found
connected to a circuit in a more permanent manner than fuses. From outside appearances, it
looks like nothing more than a switch. Indeed, it could be used as such. However, its true
function is to operate as an overcurrent protection device.

c. Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter

A ground fault circuit interrupt is a device designed to detect a tiny mismatch in currents (going
into and out of the circuit), in order to prevent electrocution. They are mostly needed in
bathrooms and kitchens, and anywhere else in a house where water may come in contact with
an electric circuit.

Fuse Circuit Breaker Ground Fault Circuit

Interrupter

What safety practices do you do when dealing with electricity?

Why is it important to practice them?

ATHS Module for Grade 12 General Physics 2: Circuits| 14

 Summer Na, Tara at Magsaranggola!
It is summer time once again. It is this season that children would usually think of a
pastime to ease boredom or get rid of the high temperature inside the house. Aside from
swimming, flying kites is also one of the activities children would engage in. If you have also
thought of flying kites or actually did it in the past, read and understand this.
Flying kites near power lines can pose a lot of danger
and inconvenience. This is why there are areas in the country
where it is prohibited. According to MERALCO, from March 16
to April 15, 2020, 47 unnecessary power interruptions caused by
kites and foreign objects have affected 708,805 customers – 13 of
which are frontline hospitals and medical facilities. At least 260
kites per day are still being retrieved from power lines since the
Luzon-wide lockdown was implemented last March 17, it said.
The utility provider, in a statement, also said, kites
entangled in power lines could cause possible power outage in
A child hanging upside
critical establishments such as hospitals. It can also lead to
down after trying to get his
electrocution as high-voltage electricity can travel down kite
kite from an electric post
strings.

These dangers were highlighted as Kapuso Mo, Jessica

Burns Julius Tan got
after electrocution
Soho aired last July 12, 2020, two untoward incidents related
to kite flying. Julius Tan, a child from Catarman, Northern Samar
who flew kite on June 25, 2020, was electrocuted after climbing
an electrical post to get his kite which was tangled in a
transformer. Instead of falling off the ground after being
electrocuted, he hung on the electrical post for some minutes
because his leg got stocked in the post. He was rescued but
suffered from first-degree burns and got wounds on his face and
back. This is a concrete example of the danger posed by kite-
flying and the negligence to safety practices when dealing with
electricity.

The irresponsible act of some can also

adversely affect others. In the case of Julius Tan, it is
not only him and his family who were affected by
the incident. Even the people in the area were affected
because the entanglement of the kite in the power
lines caused power interruption. Even worse was
what was experienced by Danilo Bandol, 59 years
old, who is a cargo inspector in a pier. He was
driving his motorcycle in Tondo when he suddenly
felt that his chin was “sliced” by a nylon string with
“bubog” or broken glass. This nylon string was used
by kite flyers who are engaged in “Igtaran”, a Danilo Bandol’s chin
gambling game using kites. cut by kite string
ATHS Module for Grade 12 General Physics 2: Circuits| 15
 Imagine, innocent people, being affected by the irresponsible actions of other people…
This only calls us to be more responsible decision-makers. We should not only think of our
own happiness and pleasure but even more, the consequences of our actionsto the people
around us and to the environment.
Have you ever made a decision or took actions which you think are not life-giving?
How did it affect your life and the people around you? Narrate what happened.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
What have you learned from that experience?
__________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Let’s Summarize!

A simple circuit is a closed loop of a conductor where electrons can travel around, usually
consisting of a voltage or energy source, conducting wires, switch, and a load.

In a series circuit, the loads are connected to form a single pathway for electric charges to pass.
These are the rules for resistance in series circuits.
IT=I1=I2=I3=…=In
VT=V1+V2+V3+…+Vn
RT=R1+R2+R3+…+Rn
In a parallel circuit, the loads are connected to form branches, each of which provides a separate
path for current.
These are the rules for resistance in parallel circuits.
IT=I1+I2+I3+…+In
VT=V1=V2=V3=…=Vn
1/RT =1/R1+1/R2+1/R3+…+1/Rn
There are different physiological effects of electricity in the human body. We should always
practice safety when dealing with electricity to avoid electric shock or electrocution.

Think and rethink the possible consequences of a certain action. Consider how a decision or
action will affect you, the people around you, or the environment. Always make responsible
decisions and take life-giving actions!

ATHS Module for Grade 12 General Physics 2: Circuits| 16

VI. Self-Assessment / Self – Evaluation

Directions: Answer the following questions explicitly.

1. What new insights/ learnings have you gained from this module?

2. What difficulties or challenges have you encountered while going through this
module?

3. How did you cope up with these difficulties or challenges?

4. What values were developed or enhanced in you as you go through this module?

5. How can these values help you in your daily life?

Be a lifelong learner and a responsible decision-maker!

ATHS Module for Grade 12 General Physics 2: Circuits| 17

VII. Answers Key:
Check for Understanding pp. 4
I
1. 3.

2.

II.
A-Series B-Network C- Series D-Network E-Parallel F-Simple
Check for Understanding pp.9
B.1 B.2

Voltage (in V) Current (in A) Resistance (in Ω) Voltage (in V) Current (in A) Resistance (in Ω)
V1=25 I1= 12.5 R1=20 V1=125 I1= 6.5 R1=20
V2=37.5 I2= 12.5 R2= 30 V2=125 I2= 1.25 R2= 100
V3=62.5 I3= 12.5 R3= 50 V3=125 I3= 2.5 R3= 50
VT=125 IT= 12.5 RT= 100 VT=125 IT= 10 RT= 12.5

References:
Website Articles

Price, R. The Four (And More) Basic Parts of an Electrical Circuit, Retrieved March 10, 2021
from https://www.hunker.com/12003706/the-four-and-more-basic-parts-of-an-electrical-
circuit

Sage, C. (2010, March 03). 3 Advantages of a Series Circuit. Retrieved on March 10,
2021 from https://www.doityourself.com/stry/2-advantages-of-a-series-circuit

Yellow Pages. (2019). 4 advantages of parallel circuits. Retrieved March 10, 2021 from
https://www.yellowpages.ca/tips/the-advantages-of-parallel-electrical-circuits/

Circuit Globe. (2020). Electrical Earthing. Retrieved March 10, 2021 from
https://circuitglobe.com/electrical-earthing.html

ATHS Module for Grade 12 General Physics 2: Circuits| 18

Collins, D. (2017, October 26). 15 Safety Precautions When Working With Electricity.
Retrieved March 10, 2021 from https://www.atlantictraining.com/blog/15-safety-precautions-
electricity/

Plymouth Rock Energy. (2018, March 24). 5 electrical safety tips you should know for your
home. Retrieved on March 10, 2021 from https://www.plymouthenergy.com/5-electrical-
safety-tips-you-should-know-for-your-home/

Mini Physics. (2016, August 21). Need for earthing and double insulation. Retrieved on March
10, 2021 from https://www.miniphysics.com/need-for-earthing-and-double-insulation.html

Donev, J.M.K.C. et al. (2020). Energy Education - Electrical safety devices. Retrieved March
10, 2021 https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Electrical_safety_devices

Ramos, M. (2020, June 30). Meralco to public: Do not fly kites. Retrieved March 10, 2021
from https://mb.com.ph/2020/06/30/meralco-to-public-do-not-fly-
kites/#:~:text=The%20utility%20provider%2C%20in%20a,can%20travel%20down%20kite%
20strings.

Gigreat Consult. (2017) Electical Safety. Retrieved March 10, 2021 from
http://gceets.blogspot.com/2017/04/electrical-safety.html
Ebme.co.uk. (2017, January 20). Physiological Effects of Electricity. Retrieved March 10,
2021 from rhttps://www.ebme.co.uk/articles/electrical-safety/physiological-effects-of-
electricity

Video Source
Kapuso Mo, Jessica Soho. (2020, July 12, 2020) Retrieved March 10, 2021 from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UCJqeplk0GE

Books
Campo, P.C. et al. (2013). Science – Grade 8 Learner’s Module. Department of Education
Padua, A.L. et al. (2010). Practical and Explorational Physics Modular Approach. Vibal
Publishing House, Inc.

Project EASE Module retrieved from

https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/search?query=EASE&page=1

https://www.livingston.org/cms/lib9/NJ01000562/Centricity/Domain/833/circuitsolutions.pdf

ATHS Module for Grade 12 General Physics 2: Circuits| 19