MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,

MUMBAI

A PROJECT REPORT ON
“Microcontroller Based Stepper Motor Drive For an Elevator.”
DIPLOMA IN ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
SUBMITTED BY

Mr. Musandi Apurv G.

Mr. Mujawar Junaid I.
Mr. Rajmane Paras A.

Under Guidence Of:

Prof. S. M. Adavkar

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER

ENGINEERING
SANT GAJANAN MAHARAJ RURAL POLYTECHNIC, MAHAGAON
ACADEMIC YEAR 2022-2023
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF
TECHNICAL EDUCATION,
MUMBAI (MSBTE)
SANT GAJANAN MAHARAJ RURAL HOSPITAL AND RESEARCH CENTER, MAHAGAON

“SANT GAJANAN MAHARAJ RURAL POLYTECHNIC”

A/P- MAHAGAON, SITE- CHINCHEWADI, TAL- GADHINGLAJ, DIST- KOLHAPUR

Certificate
This is certify that the following students of Fourth semester of Diploma Programme
in ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING of Institute SANT GAJANAN MAHARAJ RURAL
POLYTECHNIC, MAHAGAON-416503(CODE-0965) has completed Micro project on
“Microcontroller Based Stepper Motor Drive For an Elevator System.” satisfactory in subject MAA
subject code:22426 for academic year 2022-2023 as prescribed in the curriculum.
ROLL NO. ENROLLMENT NO. SEAT NO. NAME OF STUDENT

39 Mr. Musandi Apurv

25 Mr. Mujawar Junaid

34 Mr. Rajmane Paras

Date:

Prof. S. M. Adavkar Prof. M. P. Patil Prof. D. B. Kesti

(Project Guide) (Head of Department) (Principal)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The success and final outcome of this report required a lot of guidance and
assistance from many people and we are extremely privileged to have got this all
along the completion of my report. All that we have done is only due to such
supervision and assistance and we would not forget to thank them. We are
extremely thankful to our project guide Prof. S. M. Adavkar and head of
Electronic and computer Department Prof. M. P. Patil who took keep interest on
our project work and guided us all along, till the completion of our report work by
providing all the necessary information for developing a good system and for
providing such a nice support and guidance, although he had busy schedule
managing the corporate affairs. We would not forget to remember principal of
Prof. D. B. Kesti for their encouragement and more over for their timely support
and guidance till the completion of our report work. We are thankful to and
fortunate enough to get constant encouragement, support and guidance from all
Teaching staffs of ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT which helped u s in successfully completing our report work.
Also, we would like to extend our sincere esteems to all staff in laboratory for their
timely support.
 INDEX

Sr.No. Content
1. Certificate
2. Acknowledgement
3. Part A- micro project proposal
1.0 Rationale
2.0 Course Outcomes Addressed
3.0 Literature Review
4.0 Resources Required
5.0 Proposed Methodology

4. Part B- micro project report

1.0 Rationale
2.0 Aim of micro-project creation
3.0 Course Outcomes Addressed
4.0 Literature Review
5.0 Conclusion
6.0 Reference
 PART A: Micro Project Proposal
Microcontroller Based Stepper Motor Drive for an Elevator.
1.0 Rationale
The thesis addresses a microcontroller based unipolar stepper motor drive used for an
elevator system. The elevator system developed can move up and down, along with the
feature of floor display indicator incorporated in it. The opening and closing of elevator doors
are indicated with green and red LED’s respectively. The elevator system is divided into four
floors of equal heights, so that the stepper motor took equal number of steps while moving
from one floor to another. The elevator system is operated using micro switches, the control
program is developed in C language and Kiel compiler is used to converts this control
program into executable file or say in a HEX code.

2.0 Course Outcomes Addressed

A) To learn about working of Microcontroller.
B) To know about Stepper motor.
C) Working of Elevator.

3.0 Literature Review

There are different techniques for controlling the stepper motor such as fuzzy logy, neural
network and microcontroller. Microcontroller finds a best method for controlling the position
of stepper motor. Different types of drives are used to operate the stepper motor because the
microcontroller output is not sufficient to operate the stepper motor. Out of all drives
ULN2003 is a less costly drive IC for stepper motor. The real time information of the elevator
moving through the floors is displayed with the LCD. After each stop of stepper motor the
opening and closing of the door of elevator is represent by two LED‟s. The control program
is written in C language and Kiel compiler software is used to change this high level program
into HEX code. By using DScope we can download this HEX code to the 89S51
microcontroller for position control purposes.
Different controlling techniques are used for controlling position and speed of stepper motor.
Different microcontroller techniques used for controlling the speed and position of a stepper
motors. Out of all the techniques Microcontroller is one of the easiest technique for
controlling the speed and position of stepper motor. The speed of the stepper motor is control
by changing the delay time of pulses and control over the position is done by control the
number of pulses. Also unipolar stepper motor is better than a bipolar motor because of the
reduced step angle and there is no need of reversal the current in the unipolar drive for
changing the rotation of stepper motor. As in microcontroller we can change the control
program according to the need with serial port programming by a personal computer.
4.0 Resources Required
Sr.No. Name of Resources Specification Quantity Remark

1. Desktop Pc Intel Celeron-N5100, 8Gb 1 Used

Ram, 256Gb Nvme SSD
2. Websites Wikipedia, etc. 1 Used
3. Keil uVersion 3 With open source loaded 1 Used
IDE
4. Proteus 8 professional For simulation pupose 1 used

5.0 Proposed Methodology

We have just planned the below activities and then made the project by help of computer. We
distributed the work of this project into team members. As ALP is high level language we
have taken the help of our professor and some reference books to understand how it actually
works.
Sr.No. Details of Activity Planned Planned Name of
started finished Responsible
Date Date team members
1. Search the project and find suitable 05/04 08/04 Apurv Musandi
title.
2. Find reference websites for 08/04 10/04 Paras Rajmane
information. Junaid Mujawar
3. Making of the project (coding & 10/04 20/04 Apurv Musandi
simulation).
4. To show the soft copy of project to 22/04 25/04 Paras Rajmane
teacher/professor and correct the Junaid Mujawar
errors.
5. Finalise the project and take 26/04 28/04 Apurv Musandi
printout.
 PART B: Micro Project Report
Microcontroller Based Stepper Motor Drive for an Elevator.
1.0 Rationale
The applications of permanent magnet stepper motors have grown significantly in recent
years in the appliance industry and the automotive industry, among others. These motors are
used in a variety of industries, including high and low propulsion technology, computer
peripherals, machine tools, robotics, etc. Sensor-less permanent magnet motors are preferable
to encoder- based systems because of compactness, low cost, low maintenance, and high
reliability. This project shows by making small changes during programming we can reduce
the overall cost of elevator because need of sensors is totally removed. More over
programming is also helps to display the running status of elevator through LCD and also
display the floors through which the elevator is moving and stops.

2.0 Aim of Micro-project Creation

The aim of this project is to choose a new sensor less technology for controlling the position
of stepper motor for an elevator system.

3.0 Course Outcomes Addressed

A) Working of Stepper Motor.
B) Code for Microcontroller.
C) Simulation for circuit.
D) Working of microcontroller for elevator.

4.0 Literature Review

4.1 Overview
The design project is divided into four floors of equal distance ground floor, 1st floor, second
floor and third floor. The stepper motor is connected to the elevator lifting pulley with belt as
shown in the figure. The stepper motor pulley will take 40 full rotations to lift the elevator to
cover the distance from one floor to another. The LCD displays the following real time
information about the elevator for example UPWARDS while moving upwards,
DOWNWARDS while moving downwards, STILL when elevator is at stop position and also
giving the information about the floor in which the elevator moving and stop. The Micro-
switches are used to select the desired location for elevator. After reaching at desired floor
after some delay green LED glow which represents the opening of elevator door and after
five sec delay green LED off and red LED glow which represents the closing of elevator
door. After some delay this red LED off. The floors are made from iron sheets and the
elevator is made up of steel sheet of low weight.
4.2 Working
We use our stepper motor circuit. As we know, certain steps of the stepper motor, moving the
appropriate signals are sent to the windings of a motor coach that is brought to the desired
position. About this circuit about 3 ° ~ 15.3 ° with a step angle of a stepper motor is used.
And our program assigns the value 10 to the tour and variable speed of about 315 ° rotation
of the engine have achieved.
Stepper motors are available in the market as we know it ended the 4.5.6. We are in our
circuit, we used 6-pin stepper motor. Therefore, we gave two ends to +12 volt supply. Our
circuit is typically used to drive the stepper motor circuit, we used all the ULN2003. Thus,
when applied to input logical “1”, all the circuits from the output of “0” is received and the
motor is driven.
About half are 5 buttons. These buttons can be pressed in case our engine for each floor, how
many times would return is known, because the last printed value, then the printed value of
the difference between the taking, engine of our transfer we calculate and in this way our
engine to the desired point income. The most recent published value compared to the value at
that moment pressed, our engine up or down (left or right) will be decided to return.

4.3 Stepper Motor connected with elevator lifting pulley:

4.4 Future Scope
As for the future work, first of all we can implement the sensor less technique using a faster
microcontroller. We can also control the speed of stepper motor to save the time when the
elevator moving from ground floor to third floor or higher floors or from higher floors to
lower floors because in this project the stepper motor speed is constant it takes more time for
moving from higher floors to lower floors or vice-versa. For saving the time stepper motor
moves faster from one building to another just before reaching to the desired stopping
position its speed will be slower automatically this requires some change in the control
program. This is achievable by changing the time delay of the control pulses.
We can also show the interference of microcontroller with temperature sensors for displaying
the temperature or provide safety from accident like fire to save human beings and elevator. If
any accident like fire occurs an alarm attached to the elevator starts. We can also connect the
RTC module with the microcontroller to display 24 hours display in the elevator and a small
DC motor represent fan in the elevator for elevator facility purposes. By connecting the DC
motor to the elevator doors by increasing the size of elevator we can implement the opening
and closing of the doors same in the present model closing and opening of elevator doors are
represented by LEDs (green and red).

4.5 Circuit diagram:

4.6 ALP for elevator:
ACC DATA 0E0H
B DATA 0F0H
SP DATA 81H
DPL DATA 82H
DPH DATA 83H
NAME ?C_STARTUP
?C_C51STARTUP SEGMENT CODE
?STACK SEGMENT IDATA
RSEG ?STACK
DS 1
EXTRN CODE (?C_START)
PUBLIC ?C_STARTUP
CSEG AT 0
?C_STARTUP: LJMP STARTUP1
RSEG ?C_C51STARTUP
STARTUP1:
IF IDATALEN <> 0
MOV R0,#IDATALEN - 1
CLR A
IDATALOOP: MOV @R0,A
DJNZ R0,IDATALOOP
ENDIF
IF XDATALEN <> 0
MOV DPTR,#XDATASTART
MOV R7,#LOW (XDATALEN)
IF (LOW (XDATALEN)) <> 0
MOV R6,#(HIGH (XDATALEN)) +1
ELSE
MOV R6,#HIGH (XDATALEN)
ENDIF
CLR A
XDATALOOP: MOVX @DPTR,A
INC DPTR
DJNZ R7,XDATALOOP
DJNZ R6,XDATALOOP
ENDIF

IF PPAGEENABLE <> 0
MOV PPAGE_SFR,#PPAGE
ENDIF
IF PDATALEN <> 0
MOV R0,#LOW (PDATASTART)
MOV R7,#LOW (PDATALEN)
CLR A
PDATALOOP: MOVX @R0,A
INC R0
DJNZ R7,PDATALOOP
ENDIF
IF IBPSTACK <> 0
EXTRN DATA (?C_IBP)
MOV ?C_IBP,#LOW IBPSTACKTOP
ENDIF
IF XBPSTACK <> 0
EXTRN DATA (?C_XBP)
MOV ?C_XBP,#HIGH XBPSTACKTOP
MOV ?C_XBP+1,#LOW XBPSTACKTOP
ENDIF
IF PBPSTACK <> 0
EXTRN DATA (?C_PBP)
MOV ?C_PBP,#LOW PBPSTACKTOP
ENDIF
MOV SP,#?STACK-1
;<h> Code Banking
; <q> Select Bank 0 for L51_BANK.A51 Mode 4
#if 0
; <i> Initialize bank mechanism to code bank 0 when using L51_BANK.A51 with Banking
Mode 4.
EXTRN CODE (?B_SWITCH0)
CALL ?B_SWITCH0 ; init bank mechanism to code bank 0
#endif
;</h>
LJMP ?C_START
END

4.7 Components required for Simulation

Sr. No. Name of Component Specification of Component Quantity
1. Micro-controller Part reference- U1, Clock 1
AT89C51 Frequency- 12Mhz
2. 7 Segment Common Colour- red, Forward voltage- 1.5v, 1
Anode Display segment on current- 10mA
3. Stepper Motor Step angle- 90, Maximum RPM- 1
360, nominal voltage- 12v, coil
resistance- 120
4. Resistor Part reference- R1-R7, Resistance- 7
390
5. Button Switching time- 1m, off resistance- 5
100M, on resistance- 100m
6. High voltage, High Part reference- U2 1
current Drlington
Transistor Array
7. BCD to 7 Segment Part reference- U3, Part value- 1
Decoder/Driver 7447
4.8 Simulation
4.0 Conclusion
The applications of permanent magnet stepper motors have grown significantly in recent
years in the appliance industry and the automotive industry, among others. These motors are
used in a variety of industries, including high and low propulsion technology, computer
peripherals, machine tools, robotics, etc. Sensor-less permanent magnet motors are preferable
to encoder- based systems because of compactness, low cost, low maintenance, and high
reliability. This project shows by making small changes during programming we can reduce
the overall cost of elevator because need of sensors is totally removed. More over
programming is also helps to display the running status of elevator through LCD and also
display the floors through which the elevator is moving and stops.

5.0 Reference
A) https://320volt.com
B) https://silo.tips
C) https://www.wikipedia.org
D) https://atmega32-avr.com/