Example 3;

A rocket operates at sea level (p = 101325 Pa) with a chamber pressure of , a chamber

temperature of , and a propellant consumption of .

(Let k = 1.30, R = 345.7 J/kg-K).

Show graphically the variation of A, v, V, and M, with respect to pressure along the nozzle.

Calculate the ideal thrust and the ideal specific impulse.

Enter given values

clc;
clear all;
p3=101325;
p1=2.068*10^6;
T1=2222;
m_dot=1;
k=1.3;
R=345.7;

Select a series of pressure values and calculate for each pressure the corresponding values of v, V, and A.

A sample calculation is given below. The initial specific volume is calculated from the equation of state of a
perfect gas;

V1=R*T1/p1

V1 = 0.3714

pressure is changed between 2.068 MPa and 0.101325 MPa

p=p1:-100:p3;

1
T2=T1*(p1*p.^-1).^((1-k)/k);
v2=sqrt(((2*k*R*T1)/(k-1))*(1-(p./p1).^((k-1)/k)));
rho=p./(R*T2);
V=rho.^-1;
A_1=(rho.*v2);
A=m_dot*(A_1).^-1;
ma=sqrt(T2*k*R);
M=(v2./ma);
plot(p,T2)
set ( gca, 'xdir', 'reverse' )
xlim([p3 p1])
xlabel('Pressure (Pa)')
ylabel('Temperature (K)')

plot(p,v2) %,p,rho,p,A,p,M)
set ( gca, 'xdir', 'reverse' )
xlim([p3 p1])
xlabel('Pressure (Pa)')
ylabel('Velocity (m/s)')

2
plot(p,rho) %,p,rho,p,A,p,M)
set ( gca, 'xdir', 'reverse' )
xlim([p3 p1])
xlabel('Pressure (Pa)')
ylabel('density (kg/m^3)')

plot(p,A) %,p,rho,p,A,p,M)
set ( gca, 'xdir', 'reverse' )
xlim([p3 p1])
xlabel('Pressure (Pa)')
ylabel('Area (m^2)')

3
 plot(p,M)
set ( gca, 'xdir', 'reverse' )
xlim([p3 p1])
xlabel('Pressure (Pa)')
ylabel('Velocity (Mach)')

At optimum expansion ( the ideal exhaust velocity effective exhaust velocity c

Ideal thrust

c=sqrt(((2*k*R*T1)/(k-1))*(1-(p3/p1)^((k-1)/k)))

c = 1.8271e+03

F=m_dot*c

F = 1.8271e+03

Ideal specific impulse

4
 g0=9.8;
Is=c/g0

Is = 186.4338

Aerospace Toolbox

[mach,T,P,rho,area] = flowisentropic(k,p3/p1,'pres')

mach = 2.5894
T = 0.4986
P = 0.0490
rho = 0.0983
area = 3.2571

T2=T1*T

T2 = 1.1078e+03

rho1=p1/(R*T1)

rho1 = 2.6922

rho2=rho1*rho

rho2 = 0.2646

s2=sqrt(k*R*T2)

s2 = 705.6002

v2=s2*mach

v2 = 1.8271e+03

A2=m_dot/(rho2*v2)

A2 = 0.0021

At=A2/area

At = 6.3515e-04