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REVIEW MODULE – DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS PART 2

Population Growth and Decay b) Determine the amount of salt inside the tank when it is full of brine, if the
𝑑𝑃 𝑑𝑚
∝ 𝑃 𝑜𝑟 ∝𝑚 solution flows out at the rate of 3 gal/s.
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
Velocity of Escape
1. A bacteria culture is known to grow at a rate proportional to the amount
present. After one hour, 1000 strands of the bacteria are observed in the 2𝐺𝑀
culture; and after four hours, 3000 strands. Find (a) an equation for the 𝑣𝑒 = √2𝑔𝑅 𝑜𝑟 𝑣𝑒 = √
𝑅
approximate number of strands (P) of the bacteria present in the culture
at any time t and (b) the approximate number of strands of the bacteria
10. The radius of the moon is roughly 1080 miles. The acceleration of gravity
originally in the culture.
at the surface of the moon is about 0.165g, where g is the acceleration of
gravity at the surface of the earth. Determine the velocity of escape for the
2. A bacterial population B is known to have a rate of growth proportional
moon.
to B itself. If between noon and 2pm the population triples, at what time
should B become 100 times that it was noon?
Population Models
General Population Equation
3. A certain radioactive material is known to decay at a rate proportional 𝑑𝑃
to the amount present. If initially there is 50 milligrams of the material = (𝛽 − 𝛿)𝑃
present and after two hours it is observed that the material has lost 10 𝑑𝑡
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒:
percent of its original mass, (a) the mass of the material after four hours,
𝛽 = 𝐵𝑖𝑟𝑡ℎ 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑃𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
and (b) the time at which the material has decayed to one half of its initial
𝛿 = 𝐷𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑃𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
mass.
𝑃 = 𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 "𝑡"
Newton’s Law of Cooling & Heating
𝑑𝑇 𝑑𝑇 11. Suppose that the fish population P(t) in a lake is attacked by a disease at
∝ (𝑇 − 𝑇𝑆 ) 𝑜𝑟 ∝ (𝑇𝑆 − 𝑇) a time t=0, with the result that the fish cease to reproduce and the death rate
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 per week per fish is thereafter proportional to 1/√𝑃. If there were initially 900
fish in the lake and 441 were left after 6 weeks, how long did it take all the
4. A metal bar at a temperature of 100° F is placed in a room at a constant fish in the lake to die?
temperature of 10°F. If after 20 minutes the temperature of the bar is 50°
F, find (a) the time it will take the bar to reach a temperature of 25° F and
(b) the temperature of the bar after 10 minutes.

5. A body at an unknown temperature is placed in a room which is held

at a constant temperature of 30° F. If after 10 minutes the temperature
of the body is 0° F and after 20 minutes the temperature of the body is
15° F, find the unknown initial temperature.

6. The barometric pressure p (in inches of mercury) at an altitude x miles

above sea level satisfies the initial value problem dp/dx = -0.2p, p (0) =
29.92. (a) Calculate the barometric pressure at 10000 ft and again at
30000 ft (b) Without prior conditioning, few people can survive when the
pressure drops to less than 15 in. of mercury. How high is that? (1 mile
=5280 ft).

7. Suppose the velocity v of a motorboat coasting in water satisfies the

differential equation dv/dt = kv2. The initial speed of the motorboat is v(0)
= 10 m/s and v is decreasing at the rate of 1 m/s2 when v = 5 m/s. (a)
How long does it take for the velocity of the boat decrease to 1 m/s? (b)
When does the boat come to a stop?

8. Suppose that a motorboat is moving at 40 ft/s when its motor suddenly

quits, and that 1 0 s later the boat has slowed to 20 ft/s. Assume that the
resistance it encounters while coasting is proportional to its velocity. How
far will the boat coast in all?

Dilution Problems (Mixture)

𝑑𝑚
= 𝑚𝑓𝑖𝑛 − 𝑚𝑓𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒:
𝑚 = 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 (𝑙𝑏 𝑜𝑟 𝑘𝑔)
𝑚𝑓 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝑄𝐶
𝑄 = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒
𝐶 = 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠/𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒)

9. A 400-gal tank initially contains 100 gal of brine containing 50 lb of salt.

Brine containing 1lb of salt per gallon enters the tank at the rate of 5 gal/s.
a) Determine the amount of salt inside the tank after 3 min, if the solution
flows out at the same rate.