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SOLID GEOMETRY B. PRISMS
Prism -a polyhedron with two identical
Solid -a region in 3D represented by x, y, polygons at ends and surrounded by
and z axes which describes length, width, quadrilateral faces whose edges are parallel
and height Right Prism - a prism whose lateral edges
are perpendicular with the end planes
Vertex -a point where several planes meet Oblique Prism - a non-right prism whose
Edge - the line segment where two faces meet lateral edges are not perpendicular with the
Face - any flat surface of a solid end planes
Truncated Prism -a prism whose lateral edges
I. POLYHEDRONS are not of same heights
-are 3D figures enclosed by 4 or more
polygons of flat surfaces
-Greek words poly, which means "many,"
and hedron, which means "face"

A. PLATONIC SOLIDS
-are convex solids whose edges form
similar regular plane polygons
-are regular solids discovered by the Greek
philosopher, Plato
-only 5 solids exist:

Volume of a Prism
𝑽𝑽 = 𝑨𝑨𝒆𝒆 𝒉𝒉 = 𝑨𝑨𝒄𝒄 𝑳𝑳
Lateral Area of a Prism
𝑨𝑨𝑳𝑳 = 𝑷𝑷𝒆𝒆 𝑳𝑳
Volume of a Truncated Prism
𝒉𝒉𝟏𝟏 + 𝒉𝒉𝟐𝟐 + 𝒉𝒉𝟑𝟑 + ⋯ + 𝒉𝒉𝒏𝒏
𝑽𝑽 = 𝑨𝑨𝒃𝒃 � �
𝒏𝒏

C. PYRAMIDS
Pyramid -a polyhedron made by connecting the
vertices of the base polygon and the apex
Right Pyramid -a pyramid whose apex is
directly above the centroid of the base
polygon
Oblique Pyramid -a pyramid whose apex is not
directly above the centroid of the base
polygon
Frustum of a Pyramid - a portion of a
Surface Volume
pyramid between the base and a plane passed
Solid v e f m n
Area parallel to the base
𝑎𝑎3
Tetrahedron 4 6 4 3 √3𝑎𝑎2
6√2
Hexahedron 8 12 6 3 6𝑎𝑎2 𝑎𝑎3
√2𝑎𝑎3
Octahedron 6 12 8 4 2√3𝑎𝑎2
3
Dodecahedron 20 30 12 3 20.65𝑎𝑎2 7.66𝑎𝑎3
Icosahedron 12 30 20 5 8.66𝑎𝑎2 2.18𝑎𝑎3
Where:
v = number of vertices in the solid
e = number of edges in the solid
f = number of faces in the solid
m = number of polygons meeting at a
vertex
n = number of vertices in each polygon
𝒏𝒏𝒏𝒏
𝒆𝒆 =
𝟐𝟐
𝒏𝒏𝒏𝒏
𝒗𝒗 = Volume of a Pyramid
𝒎𝒎
𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝟏𝟏
𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔, 𝒓𝒓 = 𝑽𝑽 = 𝑨𝑨𝒃𝒃 𝒉𝒉
𝑨𝑨𝒔𝒔 𝟑𝟑
Lateral Area of a Pyramid

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𝑷𝑷𝒃𝒃 𝑳𝑳
𝑨𝑨𝑳𝑳 = Lateral Area of a Cone
𝟐𝟐
𝑷𝑷𝒃𝒃 𝑳𝑳
Volume of a Frustum of a Pyramid 𝑨𝑨𝑳𝑳 =
𝟐𝟐
𝒉𝒉
𝑽𝑽 = �𝑨𝑨𝟏𝟏 + 𝑨𝑨𝟐𝟐 + �𝑨𝑨𝟏𝟏 𝑨𝑨𝟐𝟐 � Volume of a Frustum of a Cone
𝟑𝟑
𝒉𝒉
Lateral Area of a Frustum of a Pyramid 𝑽𝑽 = �𝑨𝑨𝟏𝟏 + 𝑨𝑨𝟐𝟐 + �𝑨𝑨𝟏𝟏 𝑨𝑨𝟐𝟐 �
𝟑𝟑
𝑷𝑷𝟏𝟏 + 𝑷𝑷𝟐𝟐
𝑨𝑨𝑳𝑳 = 𝑳𝑳 Lateral Area of a Frustum of a Cone
𝟐𝟐
𝑷𝑷𝟏𝟏 + 𝑷𝑷𝟐𝟐
II. NON-POLYHEDRONS 𝑨𝑨𝑳𝑳 = 𝑳𝑳
𝟐𝟐
-are 3D figures enclosed by curved
surfaces C. SPHERES
A. CYLINDERS Sphere -a solid whose every point on the
Cylinder -a non-polyhedron with two surface is the same distance from the center
identical ends that are circular or Spherical Sector -spherical cone or
elliptical and surrounded by curved surface spherone, a solid consisting of the cap and
Right Cylinder -a cylinder whose axis is cone formed by the intersection of a plane
perpendicular with the end planes with a sphere, the cone extending from the
Oblique Cylinder -a non-right cylinder whose
plane to the center of the sphere and the
axis is not perpendicular with the end
planes cap extending from the plane to the surface
of the sphere
Spherical Segment -spherical cap or
spherical dome, a portion of a sphere cutoff
by a passing plane
Frustum of a Sphere - a portion of a sphere
between to parallel planes passing it
Spherical Wedge - ungula, a portion of a
sphere bounded by two plane semidisks
passing at the center of the sphere
Spherical Lune - wedge's base, the curbed
surface area of a spherical wedge
Volume of a Cylinder Spherical Polygons -a part of a sphere that
𝑽𝑽 = 𝑨𝑨𝒆𝒆 𝒉𝒉 = 𝑨𝑨𝒄𝒄 𝑳𝑳 is bounded by arcs of three or more great
circles
Lateral Area of a Cylinder
𝑨𝑨𝑳𝑳 = 𝑷𝑷𝒆𝒆 𝑳𝑳

B. CONES
Cone - a non-polyhedron made by connecting
the perimeter of the circular or elliptical
base and the apex through a curved surface
Right Cone - a cone whose apex is directly
above the centroid of the base polygon
Oblique Cone -a cone whose apex is not
directly above the centroid of the base
polygon
Frustum of a Cone - a portion of a cone
between the base and a plane passed parallel
to the base

Volume of a Cone
𝟏𝟏 Volume of a Sphere
𝑽𝑽 = 𝑨𝑨 𝒉𝒉
𝟑𝟑 𝒃𝒃
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𝟒𝟒 𝟑𝟑
𝑽𝑽 = 𝝅𝝅𝒓𝒓
𝟑𝟑
Zone Area of a Sphere
𝑨𝑨𝒛𝒛 = 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝒓𝒓𝟐𝟐

Volume of a Spherical Sector

𝟐𝟐
𝑽𝑽 = 𝝅𝝅𝒓𝒓𝟐𝟐 𝒉𝒉
𝟑𝟑
Zone Area of a Spherical Sector
𝑨𝑨𝒛𝒛 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 Volume of an Ellipsoid
𝟒𝟒
Volume of a Spherical Segment 𝑽𝑽 = 𝝅𝝅𝝅𝝅𝝅𝝅𝝅𝝅
𝝅𝝅𝒉𝒉𝟐𝟐 𝟑𝟑
𝑽𝑽 = (𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 − 𝒉𝒉)
𝟑𝟑 Zone Area of an Ellipsoid
𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝒆𝒆
Zone Area of a Spherical Segment 𝑨𝑨𝒛𝒛 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝒃𝒃𝟐𝟐 + 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
𝒆𝒆
𝑨𝑨𝒛𝒛 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
√𝒂𝒂𝟐𝟐 + 𝒃𝒃𝟐𝟐
𝒆𝒆 =
Volume of a Frustum of a Cone 𝒂𝒂
𝝅𝝅𝝅𝝅
𝑽𝑽 = (𝟑𝟑𝒂𝒂𝟐𝟐 + 𝟑𝟑𝒃𝒃𝟐𝟐 + 𝒉𝒉𝟐𝟐 ) E. PARABOLOIDS
𝟔𝟔
Paraboloid - is a solid generated by
Zone Area of a Frustum of a Cone rotating a parabolic segment abouts it axis
𝑨𝑨𝒛𝒛 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐

Volume of a Spherical Wedge

𝟒𝟒 𝟑𝟑
𝑽𝑽 𝟑𝟑 𝝅𝝅𝒓𝒓
=
𝜶𝜶 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑°
Zone Area of a Spherical Lune
𝑨𝑨𝒛𝒛 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝒓𝒓𝟐𝟐
=
𝜶𝜶 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑°
Volume of a Spherical Polygon
Volume of a Paraboloid
𝝅𝝅𝒓𝒓𝟑𝟑 𝑬𝑬 𝟏𝟏
𝑽𝑽 = 𝑽𝑽 = 𝑨𝑨𝒃𝒃 𝒉𝒉
𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓° 𝟐𝟐
𝑬𝑬 = (𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊 𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂) Zone Area of a Paraboloid
− (𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊 𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂) 𝟑𝟑⁄𝟐𝟐
𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 𝒓𝒓𝟐𝟐 𝒓𝒓 𝟑𝟑
𝑨𝑨𝒛𝒛 = �� + 𝒉𝒉𝟐𝟐 � − � � � (𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜)
Zone Area of a Spherical Polygon 𝟑𝟑𝒉𝒉𝟐𝟐 𝟒𝟒 𝟐𝟐
𝝅𝝅𝒓𝒓𝟐𝟐 𝑬𝑬
𝑽𝑽 = III. PRISMATOIDS
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏°
Prismatoid - an irregular solid whose
𝑬𝑬 = (𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊 𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂) vertices line on 2 parallel end planes
− (𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊 𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂)

D. ELLIPSOIDS
Ellipsoid - closed region of which at least
1 plane cross sections is ellipse
-symmetrical about three mutually
perpendicular axes that intersect at the
centre
Spheroid -ellipsoid of revolution, an
ellipsoid with 2 axes are of equal lengths
otherwise it is called scalene ellipsoid
Prolate Spheroid -a surface of revolution
obtained by rotating an ellipse about its Prismoidal Volume Formula
major axis 𝑨𝑨𝟏𝟏 + 𝟒𝟒𝑨𝑨𝒎𝒎 + 𝑨𝑨𝟐𝟐
-b and c are equal 𝑽𝑽 = 𝒉𝒉
𝟔𝟔
Oblate Spheroid - a surface of revolution
obtained by rotating an ellipse about its
minor axis
-a and c are equal

IV. PROBLEMS
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1. The space diagonal of a hexahedron is
5.6m. (a) Determine the length of the
plane diagonal. (b) Find the volume.*
2. A Rubik's cube is made of 1 inch
cubes. If the cube at the middle of
each face is removed, how many faces
are exposed?
3. A parallelipiped of 2', 3.5', and 7.5'
dimensions is to be circumscribed by a
sphere. What is the volume of the
sphere? *
4. How many area of the Earth's surface
is water if its average radius is 6372
km? Assume spherical in shape. *
5. The lateral edges of a prism are
4.5", 7.2", 3.6", 2.9", and 9.45". (a)
Determine the volume if each edge of
the base is half foot long. (b)
Determine the lateral area. *
6. A frustum of a cone is 6m diameter at
the bottom and 3.25m at the top. (a)
Determine the height of the frustum if
its volume is 135 cu.m. (b) What is
the total surface area of the frustum?
7. A solid has a rectangular plane at the
bottom with 3 and 7 units length. The
top is 1.5 and 4 units length.
Determine the volume of the solid. *
8. A watermelon of is modeled by rotating
an ellipse about its major axis.
Determine the volume of the watermelon
if its minor axis is 7.5 inches long
and its major axis is 14 inches long.
9. How many volume of concrete must be
ordered in order to pour all 15
circular columns of 450mm diameter and
3 meters long?
10. An ice cream cone is to be made to
have a volume of 144 cu.cm. Determine
the diameter of the opening if the
required length is 22 cm.
11. A solid with an ellipse base of 6 m in
length and 4 m in breadth is generated
projecting equilateral triangles
perpendicular to the base and along
the length of the ellipse. What is the
volume of the solid? *
12. A conoid is inscribed in a cylinder of
25 ft diameter and 30 ft high.
Determine the volume of the largest
conoid. *
13. A spherical triangle of 8 miles in
diameter is to be measured. (a)
Determine the area if the interior
angles are 75ᵒ, 130ᵒ, and 88ᵒ.(b)
Determine the volume if it is a tri-
rectangular spherical triangle. (c)
Determine the area if is a bi-lateral
spherical triangle of 76ᵒ interior
angle. *
14. An open cylindrical tank of 10 ft high
has an opening of 4.5 ft. 2 balls of
1.5 ft in radius are dropped within
the tank. (a) Determine the rise of
the water inside the tank if it is 3/4
full. (b) Determine the height of
water inside the tank if it is 7/8
full.
15. A cylindrical tank of 4 m diameter and
6 m high is positioned at angle such
the water inside the tanks just
touches the opening rim of the tank
and touches half of the circular
bottom cover of the tank. What is the
volume of the water? *
16. A cylindrical tank is 12 m long, has a
diameter of 4 m. It is placed at an
angle of 18.5ᵒ with the horizontal
longitudinally. The tank is filled
with mercury. (a) If the filler
opening is found at the top center of
the tank, determine the maximum
capacity of the tank. (b) If the tank
is placed horizontal after filling,
determine the depth of the mercury.
(c) If the tank is placed vertically
after filling, determine the height of
the mercury.
17. A regular triangular pyramid has an
altitude of 9 m and a volume of 187.06
cu.m. (a) What is the base edge? (b)
Compute the surface area of the
pyramid. (c) Compute the radius of the
sphere inscribed in it.
18. A spherone has a chord of the
generating arc of its zone equal to 5
inches and the radius of its zone is 4
cm. (a) What is the radius of the
spherone? (b) Compute the volume of
the spherone. (c) Compute the total
surface area of the spherone*
19. A cone is to be constructed from a
sector having a diameter of 72 cm. and
a central angle of 210ᵒ. (a) Compute
the radius of the cone. (b) Compute
the volume of the cone. (c) Compute
the weight of the cone in quintals. *
20. A circular piece of cardboard with a
diameter of one meter will be made
into a conical nut 40 cm high by
cutting a sector off and joining the
edges to form a cone. (a) Compute the
lateral area of the cone. (b) Compute
the angle subtended by the sector
removed. (c) Find the percentage of
the area of the sector removed.
21. The volume of a regular pyramid whose
base is a square is 551.67 cu.ft. The
altitude of the pyramid is 16.55 ft.
(a) Find the side of the base. (b)
Find the length of the lateral edge.
(c) Find the lateral area. *
22. The total surface area of a
dodecahedron is 273.4 sq.cm. (a) Find
the area of one face. (b) Find the
volume. (c) Find the radius of the
sphere inscribed in it.
23. A sphere of 6 cm radius and a right
circular cone of 6 cm radius and 12 cm
high stand on a horizontal plane. (a)
Find the vertical distance from the
horizontal floor will a plane cut the
two solids in equal circular section.
(b) Compute the volume of segment cut
off below the plane on the sphere. (c)
Compute the volume of the section cut
off below the plane of the cone. *
24. Two inverted conical tanks of 8 m and
6 m diameter, respectively, are of 7 m
high. The smaller tank is filled with
kerosene while leaving the other empty
by a closed valve at the pipe
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connecting the bottom of the tanks. ground, what is the new depth of
Determine how high will the kerosene water?
rest at the larger tank if the valve 36. The opposite faces of a cube are ABCD
is opened. Neglect the kerosene in the and EFGH. If the edge of the cube is
pipe and assume tanks are vented. * 10 ft., what is the distance between
25. Circular cylinder having a length of the midpoint of edge AB and midpoint
12 m has a radius of 3 m. (a) If a of edge DH?
wedge is cut from the cylinder by 2 37. A log 8⎷2 in is diameter and 16 in
planes, one perpendicular to the axis long is to be cut into equal cubes. If
and the other passing through a each cube is to be 4 cm on each side,
diameter of the section made by the determine the maximum volume of cubes
first plane and inclined to this plane that can be cut from the log.
at an angle of 45ᵒ. Find the volume of 38. A 3 by 2 by 8 parallelepiped made of 1
the wedge. (b) If another cylinder of unit cubes has its faces painted. (a)
equal radius and length will have its How many cubes have its 3 faces
axis perpendicular to the axis of the painted? (b) How many cubes have 2
1st cylinder, find the common volume. faces painted? (c) How many cubes have
(c) Find the volume in the first its 1 face painted?
octant in (b). 39. A point source light is 4 m from the
26. A frustum of a sphere 25 cm thick has center of a sphere of radius 2 m.
a top diameter of 50 cm and bottom of Determine the surface area of the
100 cm. (a) Find the volume of the sphere that is illuminated. *
frustum. (b) Find the radius of the 40. The shortest and longest slant height
sphere. (c) Find the total surface of an oblique circular cone are 6 and
area of the frustum. * 6 cube root of 3, respectively. Find
27. A torus of 2 inches diameter has a the volume of the cone if the angle
mean radius of 3.75 inches. (a) Find between the two slant heights is 30ᵒ.*
the volume of the solid. (b) Find its 41. A crystal shown in the figure has a
surface area. * lower base, the horizontal triangle
28. The volume of a spherical wedge is CDE. The upper edge AB is parallel
6.67 cubic units and its radius is 2 with the base CDE. Point D lies in the
units. (a) Determine the surface area plane ABC. Find the volume.
of the lune. (b) Determine the total
surface area of the wedge. *
29. Determine how many percent will the
edges be increased if the volume of
the cube is increased by 30%.*
30. The surface area of a sphere is
decreased by 15%. Compute the decrease
in volume. *
31. A irregular solid of 50 kg and 356 cu.
in has its longest edge be 12 inches.
A smaller model of this solid is then
created using a 212 cu. in material.
(a) Find the longest edge of the
42. A conical hole with 70mm diameter
model. (b) If the longest edge of the
opening at 50ᵒ is checked by a
model is 6 in., what is the weight of
spherical ball 40mm in diameter.
the model? *
Determine the height of clearance or
32. A spherical tank has a diameter of 30
obstruction. *
cm. The volume of water in the tank is
43. An ice cream cone is filled with ice
1470.265 cu.cm. Determine the depth of
cream and a surmounted ice cream in
water in the tank if a metal cube of
the form of a hemisphere on the top of
5 cm side is placed inside. *
the cone. If the hemispherical surface
33. Three spheres made of lead have a
is equal to the lateral area of the
radius of r, 2r, and 4r, respectively,
cone, find the total volume in cu. in.
are melted to form a new sphere of
of the ice cream. Assume the diameter
radius R. The ratio of the volume to
of the cone is equal to the diameter
the surface area of the new sphere is
of the hemisphere which is 2 inches.
4.18. Compute for r. *
44. Find the ratio of the volume of a
34. The faces of a solid figure are all
regular hexahedron to its surface
triangles. The figure has nine
area.
vertices. At each of six of these
45. A cross section through the center of
vertices, four faces meet, and at each
a football is a circle x inches in
of the other three vertices, six faces
circumference. The football is x-8
meet. How many faces does the figure
inches long from tip to tip and each
have?
seam is an arc of a circle (3/4)x inch
35. A closed inverted conical tank has a
in diameter. Find x. *
base diameter of 3 m and an altitude
of 4 m. It is filled with water to a
depth of 1.3 m. If the tank is set
upright with its base lying on the
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