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LEARNING GUIDE
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Mind Map
The Mind Map displays the organization and relationship between the concepts and
activities in this Learning Guide in a visual form. It is included to provide visual clues on
the structure of the guide and to provide an opportunity for you, the teacher, to
reorganize the guide to suit your particular context.
Stages of Learning
The following stages have been identified as optimal in this unit. It should be noted that
the stages do not represent individual lessons. Rather, they are a series of stages over one
or more lessons and indicate the suggested steps in the development of the targeted
competencies and in the achievement of the stated objectives.
INTRODUCTION
To function effectively in the three-dimensional world, one should have a knowledge
of geometric concepts on points, lines and planes, their relationships and their basic
properties. Knowing these would lead to a better understanding of plane surfaces and their
areas, solids and their volumes.
Our environment is rich with patterns of different shapes and sizes. These motivate
and facilitate the learning of geometry because of their appeal to our sense of beauty and
order. Recognition and analysis of their properties and measures not only develop geometric
intuition needed in problem solving, but also open the path for logical thinking.
Activity
Introduce the concept of this module by allowing the students to view different pictures
namely; (a) solar system; (b) a roll of wire; and (c) a sheet of art paper.
Guiding Questions:
1. What have you seen in Picture A? How would you relate that observation in
Mathematics? What suggests the idea of the stars or planets in the picture of a solar
system? In your own definition, what is a point?
2. What is in Picture B? What mathematical figure is represented by this object? How
will you justify that suggested idea? What is a line?
3. Now, have a look at Picture C. What kind of figure is it? Is it a plane or a solid
figure? Why? What measure of angle can you determine from the figure?
Look at the picture, what do you think are the figures that suggest the idea of a point
found herein? Do you consider the planets or the sun as representations of a point? Why?
This time, let us consider this dot (•). You said that some of the objects from the picture
suggests a point and a good example you gave is a star. If we let (S) star be a point in a
space, we can represent therefore a star as (•).
To illustrate further:
Star (S) ------> (•) a point ------> • S -------> point S
Now, how will each be read?
A C
B
Ask students what other objects suggest the idea of a point aside from those that are
found in the picture in the previous activity.
B. LINE
This time, show to the class the line below and reinforce their basic understanding about
it by asking some questions.
m
A B C
Figure 1
Questions:
1. Why the given figure above is called a line? What is a line?
2. What is the name of the above line?
3. The line can be named in different ways. Can you guess them?
4. All points that lie on the same line are called collinear points. Can you name the
three points that lie on the given line?
5. Imagine that you cut the line in Figure 1 at points A and B. Draw a picture
showing the pieces of the line after cutting. Observe each figure. Can you
describe each?
The student might possibly draw the following:
A A B B C
Figure 2
Figure 1 can be named as line AB, line AC, line BC or line m. All these describe the same
line. The notation implies that a line is determined when two points are given. Each part of
the second figure is a subset of line m. The portion from point A to point B is called a
SEGMENT. Segments are named using two capital letters with a bar on top. Points A and B are
called the endpoints of the segment. Therefore, AB or BA is a line segment.
6. Now, if we name point M in the middle of line segment AB, how do you call point M?
When can we say that point M is a midpoint of segment AB?
Now, present this part of line to the class and again,ask the question given.
B C
How does this figure differ from a line? Explain your answers.
The figure above is an example of a RAY. It has a starting point called the initial point of the
ray. A ray is named using two capital letters with an arrow at the top. The initial point is
always written first while the second letter indicates the direction of the ray. So, the figure
above is called, ray AB or AB
C. PLANE
Inform students to look around inside the classroom and identify those objects that can be
classified as plane. Ask: Can you name some?
This time show to them the following objects and ask them to point out which part of each
figure suggests a plane.
1. 2. 3. 4.
school ID
box of milk bond paper book
T V
U ß
The figure above is an example of a flat surface called plane. What are the three points
identified on a plane?
The figure above is called plane TUV or plane ß. All points on one plane are called
coplanar points. Can you think of other examples of good representations of a plane?
REMEMBER Two lines, two planes or a line and a plane intersect if they
have points in common.
C
Can you tell what the figure shows about the relationship
M of a line with a plane?
D
A line DC and a plane M intersect at point D.
E. ANGLES
Illustrate this figure where two lines intersect at point O.
A
B
O
C D
Observe what happens when the lines are cut at the point of intersection as shown below.
A B
O
O
D
C
Point Z is in the exterior of the angle. Point Y is in the interior, and points D, O and B are on
the angle itself.
This time, call volunteers to draw on the board examples of angles.
Now, pose this question: Is there such an angle as the one shown below?
Angles can be named in different ways. Have a look at the figure given.
60º
A
C
Questions:
1. What classification of angle do you think is figure a? figure b? figure c?
2. What is the measure of each angle?
3. When can we say that an angle is acute? right? obtuse?
4. Is there an angle that measures 0º? 180º?
A M
38º 38º
B N
C O
What observation and conclusion can you draw from the two figures?
When two angles have the same measure, they are said to be congruent angles. The
angles shown, ∠ ABC and ∠MNO, are congruent (written ∠ABC ≅ ∠MNO) because each has
a measure of 38º.
EXERCISES 1: Name the figure below and indicate the number of endpoints each has.
1.
C D
2.
E F
3.
X Y
1. Each statement below describes the diagram. Identify the statements that are not
true and correct them.
5 10 15
A B C D
(a) AB + BC + CD = AD
(b) ABBC=AC
(c) 2BC = BC + CD
(d) AB + BC + CD = 30
2. Name all the classifications of angles that are described below.
(a) a 30º angle
(b) the sum of two acute angles
(c) the sum of an acute angle and a right angle
(d) a 91º angle diminished by 3º
3. A magnifying glass is a lens that makes objects appear larger than they really are.
Sherlock Holmes, the great fictional detective, was often described as the man who is
looking at evidence through a magnifying glass.
Problem: Suppose a 35º angle is observed through a magnifying glass that enlarges
objects twice their actual size. How big is the angle when viewed through this
magnifying glass? Justify your answer.
Roundup
Students were able to understand the definitions and concepts of a point, a line, a plane
and an angle through appropriate discourse of the topic and illustrations presented.
TASK CARD 1: Imagine the hands of the clock. Sketch each of the following
times into angles and classify as acute, right, or obtuse –- the hands would
form if the times were the following.
(a) 9:00 (b) 11:20 (c) 7:00 (d) 1:30
(e) 3:40 (f) 6:45 (g) 10:00 (h) 4:40
TASK CARD 2: Tell whether each of the following represents a point, a line
or a plane.
1. top of a box 5. a grain of rice
2. tip of a pen 6. cover of a book
3. curtain rod 7. a clothesline
4. edge of a table 8. four corners of a room
P Q R S
TASK CARD 5:
3. Point P bisects BC
P 4. Point H is in plane N.
1. LM ≅ MH H
2. MT bisects LH T
3.
MT and
TM are opposite rays
4. line segment HT bisects line KT M
5. line KT is the same as line KM
6. HM + ML = HL K
7. T is between H and M
L
Formative Assessment
Let the students answer the following questions:
1. Did the task help you understand more the relationships among points, lines,
planes and angles? How?
2. Now think of this challenge: How many nonzero angles are formed in a fan of rays
shown in the figure with 17 rays?
Roundup
Students were able to comprehend the basic terms and the concepts of points, lines, planes
and angles through representations and accept those in faith, even without proof and later
apply their learning in a real situation.
6. Closure
This stage brings the series of lessons to a formal conclusion. Teachers may refocus the
objectives and summarize the learning gained. Teachers can also foreshadow the next set of
learning experiences and make the relevant links.
Background or purpose
With what students have gained from the different activities, they will perform this task
with their partners and submit their output to assess whether they have gained proficiency
of the subject.
Strategy
TIPS (Think-Ink-Pair-Share). A strategy that allows individual to reach consensus and
check understanding. Students think individually about the problem and write their own
understanding. After which, everyone is given a chance to discuss with a partner and
record what they have drawn. Share with whole group or join another pair to reach
consensus of the others.
their answers among others. Allow them to use a protractor. Refer to Student Activity 6,
Do It in Creative Thinking found on page 22.
Formative Assessment
Questions for students:
1. Did you get all the items correctly? Which was/were easy to answer? Which
was/were difficult? Why difficult?
2. Cite more examples that best suggest the idea of the following in a real situation
aside from those we used in the different activities:
• point
• line
• plane
• angle
Explain briefly.
3. Did you enjoy all our activities? What are the important things you learned today
after you have gone through the different activities?
Roundup
Manifested through active participation and involvement in the series of activities,
students understood the essential concepts of the topic and found reason as well to relate
their learning in a real situation and apply them in a higher degree of study in Geometry
that will surely motivate and facilitate their appeal into the world of analysis and logical
thinking.
Teacher Evaluation
(To be completed by the teacher using this Teacher’s Guide)
The ways I will evaluate the success of my teaching this unit are:
1.
2.
3.
PICTURE 3
PICTURE 4
PICTURE 5 PICTURE 6
ASSESSMENT TOOL 1
GROUP PARTICIPATION CHECKLIST
Objective: Check the boxes appropriately as manifested by the student in the activity given.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
STUDENT ACTIVITY 3
“GO–STOP SIGNAL”
Objective: To identify and consider the key points on the concepts of points, lines, planes and
angles.
Directions: List the key points where you should always assume, thus essential to learn and
those that should never be assumed but necessary to be noted. Write the key points, “always
assume” under GO signal and “never assume” in STOP signal.
Materials: flip chart, marking pens, masking tape
GO SIGNAL
Always assume that:
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
STOP SIGNAL
Never assume that:
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
STUDENT ACTIVITY 6
“DO IT IN CREATIVE THINKING”
Objective: To solve problems applying the concepts of points, lines, planes and angles.
Directions: Answer the following tasks. Discuss and decide with your partner the best solution
you can give in each item.
1. How far is Davao City from Mati? 2. Is the STOP plate halfway down the triangle?
Investigate.
4. Below is the geographical locations of the main cities and a province of Mindanao Island.
In the map, Digos City is aligned with Zamboanga City and it traces an imaginary straight
line. If we let Digos City as the reference point and the vertex to determine an angle as
the degrees of location among other cities, sketch and give the measure of the angle
formed from Digos City to:
Use the ray (a point from Digos pointing to East) as one of the sides of every
angle you formed.
a) Tagum City
b) Cagayan de Oro City
c) Cotabato City
d) General Santos City
e) Davao City
f) Mati, Davao Oriental
Tagum City
Cotabato City
5. Which table appears to have the larger top? Prove your findings.
For the Teacher: Translate the information in this Learning Guide into the following matrix to help you prepare your lesson plans.
Stage
1. Activating Prior 2. Setting the 3. Learning 4. Check for 5. Practice and 6. Closure
Learning Context Activity Sequence Understanding Application
Strategies
Materials and
planning needed
Total time for the Learning Guide Total number of lessons needed for this Learning Guide