National Institute of Technology

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School of Applied Health, Innovation

and Sciences
Certificate in Biomedical Sciences and
Occupational Health and Safety Practice
(Level 4)

Individual Assignment 1
3OHS101: Anatomy and Human Physiology
Date: 18 March 2024

Due Date: 27 March 2024 @ 13h00

Total marks: 100

Assessor: Mr. Haimbondi SO Doriana

Instructions to Students

1. Prepare your assignment in a word processing document.

2. Use clear headings for each section.
3. Ensure that your assignment is well-organized and easy to read.
4. Submit your assignment by the specified deadline.
Title: Interactions of the Human Muscular System in creating Movement.

Objective of the Assignment:

 The objective of this assignment is to explore and understand how the human
muscular system interacts with one another to provide movement.
 Students will gain insight into the structure and function of different types of
muscles and their coordinated actions in various movement patterns.

SECTION A
This section consists of short questions. Answer all questions concisely and
clearly. The total marks in this section are 100 marks.

Question 1

1.1. Introduction to the Muscular System [15 marks]

 Produce a brief introduction to the muscular system, highlighting its
importance in movement and overall body function.
 Discuss the different types of muscles (skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
muscles) and their respective roles.

1.2. Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles [10 marks]

 Examine the anatomy of skeletal muscles, including muscle fibres, fascicles,
and the connective tissue sheaths (endomysium, perimysium, and
epimysium).
 Interpret the structure of a muscle fibre, including sarcomeres, myofibrils,
and sarcolemma.

1.3. Muscle Contraction [10 marks]

 Present the process of muscle contraction, including the sliding filament
theory.
 Outline the role of actin, myosin, calcium ions, ATP, and neurotransmitters
(such as acetylcholine) in muscle contraction.

1.4. Neuromuscular Junction [10 marks]

 Discuss the neuromuscular junction and its role in transmitting signals from
motor neurons to muscle fibres.
 Evaluate how action potentials trigger muscle contraction and the role of
neurotransmitters in this process.

1.5. Types of Muscle Movements [10 marks]

 Identify and describe different types of muscle movements, including
isotonic (concentric and eccentric) and isometric contractions.

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  Interpret examples of each type of movement and explain how they
contribute to overall body function.

1.6. Muscle Interactions in Movement [15 marks]

 Examine how muscles work together in coordinated movements.
 Choose a specific movement (e.g., walking, lifting, and running) and discuss
the interactions between agonist, antagonist, synergist, and fixator muscles
involved in that movement.

1.7. Factors Affecting Muscle Function [10 marks]

 Discuss factors that can affect muscle function, including muscle fatigue,
muscle tone, muscle hypertrophy, and muscle atrophy.
 Outline how these factors influence movement and overall muscular health.

1.8. Clinical Relevance [10 marks]

 Evaluate the clinical relevance of understanding muscle interactions in
movement.
 Discuss common muscular disorders and conditions (e.g., muscular
dystrophy, myasthenia gravis) and their impact on movement and quality of
life.

Note:
 Include a list of references used in your research. Ensure that all
sources are properly cited using a recognized citation style (e.g., APA,
MLA).
 Students are encouraged to use textbooks, scientific journals, reputable
websites, and other credible sources for their research. Avoid relying
solely on non-academic sources such as Wikipedia.

Total Marks = 50
<<<<<Good luck >>>>

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