Geography Esaay

Oak Ridges
Shankavi Sritharan
500979250
Professor Raymond Garrison
Thursday,November,19,2020
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This essay will be discussing all about Oak Ridges Moraine an important landform in
southern Ontario.This will include talking about the general information on Oak Ridge Moraine
such as where it is located, how and when did it form, what is its composition above the surface
and below the surface .It will discuss why oak ridge landform is impornts based on its significant
of a landform , uniques set of feature that make its ecosystem and finally the conflicts of the area
and what the resolution was implemented to solve it .
The Oak Ridges Moraine is located in southern Ontario and includes most of the greater
Toronto , which is the most populated region of Canada (David,2007) as seen in the map located
in the appendix.It is is 11,000 km squared region is bounded to the south by Lake Ontario and
the north of where Paleozoic bedrock abuts Precambrian Candain Shield (David,2007).It extends
160 km east from the Niagara Escarpment which is a priminest 100m high regional bedrock
scarp (David,2007).It’s surficial sediment is up to 200m thick and it reveals exposers of the
oldest Quaternary sediment in southern Canada ( David, 2007).The Oak Ridges Moraine is
actually formed by the Moraine.The Moraine was formed by the action of massive sheets of ice
that covered most of North America in the last millions of years ( Oak Ridges Trail Association,
2020).During the retreats of the glaciers , materials were scraped and deposits forming the land
creating a “new” landscape which one of these new landscapes is Oak Ridges Moraine ( Oak,
Ridges Trail Association 2020).When the glaciers last began to melt , a crack developed in the
area of the current Moraine that eventually widened forming an opening where mekt water and
debris such as sand and gravel that were previously trapped within the glaciers were deposited
(Oak Ridges Trail Association ,2020).This is complicated geological history is what led to the
development of Oak Ridges Moraine makes the landform what it is today ( Oak Ridges Trail
Association, 2020).
The composition of what is below the surface of the Oak ridge moraine is based on the
recognition that the moraine is built on a high-relief, erosional surface (unconformity) consisting
of drumlin uplands and a network of deep, steep-walled, interconnected valleys tunnel channels
(Barnett , 1998).The composition of what is above the surface is it rises up to 300 metres above
Lake Ontario and contains deposits of sand and gravel up to 200 metres thick ,the ridge
influences the flow of surface and groundwater, and local climate in the greater Toronto (CGEN,
2014).There are manys ways that identify why the Oak Ridge Moraine is an important landform.
It is one of ontario's most significant land from that shapes the present and future form and
structure of the greater toronto region and it is ecological functions are very critical to the regions
continuing health ( Government of Ontario, 2017).This Moraine has a unique concentration of
environmental , geological features that makes its ecosystem vital to the south of Ontario
(Government of Ontario,2017 ).Some of the features include include its clean and abundant
water resources, healthy and diverse plant and animal habitat, an attractive and distinct
landscape, prime agricultural areas, and the sand and gravel resources close to mark
(Government of Ontario,2017)
One of the big conflicts over the use of the Oak Ridge Moraine is since the Moraine is
one of the few remaining large greenspace corridors in southern Ontario located just north of the
City of Toronto, the Moraine is 160 kilometres in length, and performs essential environmental
functions, including filtering Ontario’s drinking water and providing habitats for flora and fauna
located in the greater toronto (Watt, 2016 ). It is being threatened that the Oak Ridge Moraine
space to be replaced by buildings and other properties located in more city areas , to sum it up
they want to turn this place more into a populated city ( Government of Ontario, 2007).There is a
resolution to this which is the conversation plan which its purpose is to provide land use and
resource management planning direction to provincial ministers, ministries, and agencies,
municipalities, landowners and other stakeholders on how to protect the Moraine’s ecological
and hydrological features and functions (Government of Ontario , 2017) The conservation plan
has eight main objectives to protect the Oak Ridges Moraine , the first objective is to protect the
ecological and hydrological integrity , the second objective is to ensure that only land and
resources uses that mainte, improve or restore the ecological and biological functions are
permitted ( Government of Ontario, 2017).The third objective is to maintain , improve or restore
all elements that contribute to the ecological and hydrological functions including the quality and
quantity of its water (Government of Ontario , 2017). The fourth objective is to ensure that it is
maintain as a continuous natural landform and environment for the benefit of present and future
generations , the fifth objective is to prived land and resources use and development that are
compatible with other objectives in the plan (Government of Ontario).The sixth objective is to
provide continuous development within existing urban settlement areas and recognizing existing
rural settlements , the seventh objective is to prived a rectrial trail that is accessible to all
including persons with disabilities (Government of Ontario,2017).The eight objective is
providing other public retail acces and the ninth objective us and other prescribed objectives
(Government of Ontario, 2017).Therefore there was a problem with the nature of the Oak Ridge
moraine but it is now being solved by the conservation plan with all new objectives being placed
to keep it as the same green landform as possible.
In conclusion there are many ways that identify why Oak Ridge Moraine is an important
landform. It can be based on the fact it is the most significant landform of the greater toronto
region , its ecological functions are a critical aspect of the regions health and its unique set of
features of environment and geological features that make its ecosystems. (Government of
Ontario, 2017) .As all good things always face problem just like the Oak Ridge Moraine facing
being threatened by the expansion of the greater Tornto there always a solution implemented
such as the conservation plan that protects it’s full aspect to keep it one of ontario's greatest
landform (Government of Ontario, 2017).i
Academic Articles
Barnett, P. (1998). On the origin of the Oak Ridges Moraine
http://www.sfu.ca/geog/temp/brennand/pubs_files/Barnettetal98_ORM_CJES.pdf
David R. Sharpe, Hazen A.J. Russell & C. Logan (2007) A 3-dimensional geological
model of the Oak Ridges Moraine area, Ontario, Canada, Journal of Maps, 3:1, 239-253, DOI:
10.1080/jom.2007.9710842
Watt K.A (2016). Success and of challenge of implementing Oak Ridge Moraine
Conservation plan
https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/76173/1/Watt_Kathleen_A_201611_MA_thesis.
pdf
Other Sources
CGEN. (2014). Toronto-Moraine. Retrieved November 18, 2020, from
https://www.cgenarchive.org/toronto-moraine.html
Government of Ontario.(2017).Oak Ridges Moraine Conservative Plan. Retrieved
November 18, 2020 from
https://www.ontario.ca/page/oak-ridges-moraine-conservation-plan-2017#:~:text=The%20Oak
%20Ridges%20Moraine%20is%20one%20of%20Ontario's%20most%20significant
%20landforms.&text=The%20Moraine%20has%20a%20unique,diverse%20plant%20and
%20animal%20habitat
Oak Ridges Trail Association. (2020). Retrieved November 18, 2020, from
https://www.oakridgestrail.org/moraine/
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Oak Ridges

Professor Raymond Garrison

and what the resolution was implemented to solve it .

continuing health ( Government of Ontario, 2017).This Moraine has a unique concentration of

resource management planning direction to provincial ministers, ministries, and agencies,

permitted ( Government of Ontario, 2017).The third objective is to maintain , improve or restore

including persons with disabilities (Government of Ontario,2017).The eight objective is

to keep it as the same green landform as possible.

landform (Government of Ontario, 2017).i

Barnett, P. (1998). On the origin of the Oak Ridges Moraine

CGEN. (2014). Toronto-Moraine. Retrieved November 18, 2020, from

Government of Ontario.(2017).Oak Ridges Moraine Conservative Plan. Retrieved

November 18, 2020 from

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