Test Bank: Chapter 1: Introduction: The Challenging Role of The Global Manager

Instructor Resource
Thomas/Peterson, Cross-Cultural Management, 4e

SAGE Publishing, 2018
Test Bank
Chapter 1: Introduction: The Challenging Role of the Global

Manager
Multiple Choice
1. ______ involves the representation of the world as a single place, the intersecting of the interests of
business, and society or an increase in the impact of forces that span national boundaries.
A. Culture
B. Environment
C. Globalization
D. Interconnections
Ans: C
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Globalization
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. The ______ among countries were dramatically increased with the advent of free trade areas in the
1990s.
A. multinational corporations
B. economic interconnections
C. organizational boundaries
D. economic turmoil
Ans: B
Answer Location: Growing Economic Interconnectedness
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. In ______, production, sales and marketing, and distribution might all be located in different countries
to capitalize on certain location-specific advantages.
A. economic interconnections
B. organizational boundaries
C. economic turmoil
D. multinational corporations
Ans: D
4. All of the following are changes that affect the stability of the work environment within organizations
EXCEPT:
A. downsizing
B. privatization
Instructor Resource
C. economic interconnections
D. team-based management
Ans: C
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: More Complex and Dynamic Work Environment
Difficulty Level: Hard
5. ______ enables formerly government-controlled enterprises to be available for purchase by foreign

firms, thus reducing boundaries.
A. Privatization
B. Team-based management
C. Downsizing
D. Productivity
Ans: A
6. Organizations around the globe are increasingly looking toward the formation of teams of workers as
a solution to ______ problems.
A. team-based management
B. productivity
C. privatization
D. downsizing
Ans: B
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
7. Dramatic advances in ______ might be the most significant force toward globalization.
A. productivity
B. international migration
C. privatization
D. information technology
Ans: D
Answer Location: Increased Use and Sophistication of Information Technology
8. ______ has facilitated the entry of small business into the international arena.
A. Trade liberalization
B. Globalization
C. Technology
D. Telecommunications
Ans: C
Answer Location: More and Different Players on the Global Stage
Instructor Resource
9. One key result of ______ is that global managers face an external environment far more complex,
more dynamic, more uncertain, and more competitive than ever before.
A. team-based management
B. telecommunications
C. trade liberalization
D. globalization
Ans: D
10. All of the following are elements of the global manager’s environment EXCEPT:
A. cultural
B. economic
C. legal
D. conceptual
Ans: D
Answer Location: Environment of Global Management
11. ______ are the structures and processes by which a nation integrates the parts of society into a
functioning unit.
A. Political systems
B. Legal systems
C. Economic systems
D. Interpersonal interactions
Ans: A
12. Unlike the largely observable aspects of economic, legal, and political aspects, ______ is largely
invisible in the context of international management.
A. boundaries
B. society
C. culture
D. globalization
Ans: C
13. ______ set members include colleagues, superiors, and subordinates, as well as staff departments,
internal and external consultants, and sometimes even friends and family members.
A. Economic
B. Role
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C. Political
D. Technical
Ans: B
Answer Location: How Global Managers Carry Out Their Role: Sources of Guidance
14. Sophia seeks to learn both the explicit organizational rules and procedures of her organization and
the implicit rules about “how we do things around here.” Sophia seeks to understand the organization’s
______.
A. role set
B. society
C. norms
D. law
Ans: C
Cognitive Domain: Application
15. ______ and norms provide sources of ideas, principles, and other ways of thinking that managers
use to guide their understanding of the events, issues, and problems in the workplace.
A. Society
B. Laws
C. Procedures
D. Role set members
Ans: D
16. ______ affects the roles and behavior of managers indirectly, such as in the choice of informational,
interpersonal, or decisional roles as well as on sources of guidance.
A. Economic connectedness
B. Guidance
C. Technology
D. Culture
Ans: D
Answer Location: Organizational Context, Culture, and Managerial Roles
17. Much of contemporary management knowledge was defined in the ______ following World War II.
A. Japan
B. Germany
C. Great Britain
D. United States
Ans: D
Instructor Resource
Answer Location: Limitations in Present Management Studies

18. All of the following aspects of the U.S. perspective limit the ability of U.S. management theories to
explain organizational phenomenon in cultures with contrasting orientations EXCEPT:
A. free will beliefs
B. low-context communication
C. teamwork
D. extreme individualism
Ans: C
19. Ryan designed and conducted within the Netherlands without regard for the boundary conditions
set by the cultural orientation of the country. Ryan’s research would be described as ______.
A. replication
B. comparative
C. domestic
D. international
Ans: C
Answer Location: Types of International Management Research
20. Emily is trying to repeat some research that was done in the United States with a sample from
Portugal. Emily’s research would be described as ______.
A. comparative
B. indigenous
C. intercultural
D. replication
Ans: D
21. ______ research focuses on the different and varied ways in which managers behave and
organizations are run in a specific cultural setting in a way that highlights something that is expected to
be unique.
A. Indigenous
B. Intercultural
C. Replication
D. International
Ans: A
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22. ______ research seeks to find both the similarities and differences that exist across cultures
regarding a particular management issue.
A. International
B. Comparative
C. Intercultural
D. Indigenous
Ans: B
23. ______ research captures those studies that focus attention on the multinational enterprise.
A. Replication
B. Intercultural
C. International
D. Comparative
Ans: C
24. ______ research seeks to understand the interactions between culturally different individuals in
organizational settings.
A. Indigenous
B. International
C. Comparative
D. Intercultural
Ans: D
25. ______ is established at three key points in research: the conceptualization of the theoretical
constructs, the study design, and the data analysis.
A. Cross-cultural equivalence
B. Nonequivalence
C. Method equivalence
D. Quantitative method
Ans: A
Answer Location: Methodological Issues in Cross-Cultural Research
26. ______ equivalence relates to the extent to which concepts have the same meaning in different
countries.
A. Sampling
B. Qualitative method
C. Extremity
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D. Conceptual or construct
Ans: D
27. Aiden is concerned about similarities and differences in the way cultural groups in his study will
respond to measurement instruments. Aiden’s concerns relate to ______.
A. qualitative method
B. method equivalence
C. cross-cultural equivalence
D. nonequivalence
Ans: B
28. Ethan noticed that different cultural groups seem to systematically choose the extreme points or the
middle points on the rating scales in his research. Ethan is noticing ______ bias.
A. method equivalence
B. extremity
C. sampling
D. quantitative method
Ans: B
29. ______ is the extent that questions in a survey have similar measurement properties across different
groups.
A. Metric equivalence
B. Cross-cultural equivalence
C. Extremity
D. Method equivalence
Ans: A
30. ______ in survey questions can result from poor item translation, complex wording, and culture-
specific phrasing.
A. Sampling
B. Nonequivalence
C. Quantitative method
D. Cross-cultural equivalence
Ans: B
Instructor Resource
31. ______ uses a small number of participants in research who accurately represent a larger
identifiable population.
A. Method equivalence
B. Extremity
C. Sampling
D. Nonequivalence
Ans: C
32. In cross-cultural research, the most common method of quantitative data collection is ______.
A. questionnaires
B. interviews
C. phone calls
D. observation
Ans: A
33. In cross-cultural research, the most common qualitative method of data collection is ______.
A. questionnaires
B. interviews
C. phone calls
D. observation
Ans: B
34. Jayden’s research of management practices in Finland has been criticized for ignoring culture and
assuming that conclusions from his domestic research will be universal. It appears that Jayden’s research
suffers from the common critique of international and cross-cultural research of ______.
A. assuming country homogeneity
B. lack of relevance
C. reliance on a single method
D. parochialism
Ans: D
Answer Location: Critiques of International and Cross-Cultural Research
35. Madelyn’s study of management practices in Brazil has been criticized for not documenting known
within-nation subcultures. It appears that Madelyn’s research suffers from the common critique of
international and cross-cultural research of ______.
Instructor Resource
A. reliance on a single method

B. parochialism
C. assuming country homogeneity
D. lack of relevance
Ans: C
36. Caleb is concerned that the research he conducts on business practices in the United States will be
not viewed as important in other countries reflects the common critique of international and cross-
cultural research of ______.
A. lack of relevance
B. assuming country homogeneity
C. parochialism
D. reliance on a single method
Ans: A
37. Mason’s research on business practices in Cyprus has been criticized for relying on responses to
questionnaires gathered at a single point in time. It appears that Mason’s research suffers from the
common critique of international and cross-cultural research of ______.
A. assuming country homogeneity
B. parochialism
C. lack of relevance
D. reliance on a single method
Ans: A
True or False
1. Cross-cultural interaction has been described as the manifestation of the world as a single place and
the overlapping of the interests of business and society.
Ans: F
2. The economic interconnections among countries were dramatically increased with the advent of free-
trade areas in the 1980s creating a greater degree of interconnectedness among the world’s economies.
Ans: F
Instructor Resource
3. Changes that affect the stability of the work environment within organizations result from downsizing,
privatization, international migration, and team-based management.
Ans: T
4. Privatization might be the most significant force toward globalization.

Ans: F
5. The elements of the global manager’s environment can be divided into four categories: economic,
legal, political, and cultural.
Ans: T
6. Management scholars' reliance on theory and findings from the United States is not the result of an
inherent belief in the superiority of U.S. management.
Ans: T
7. Many of the limitations of the research about managing across cultures are being remedied as
scholars recognize the increased demand for relevance of research.
Ans: T
Completion (Fill in the Blank)

1. The most significant force toward globalization, the one with the most potential to shape the
international management landscape, might be the dramatic advances in ______.
Ans: information technology
2. The international activities of those engaging in transnational crime and terrorism overlap. However,
their primary motives are different. The primary motive of those engaged in transnational crime is
financial. The primary motive of those engaged in terrorism is ______.
Ans: ideological
Instructor Resource

3. The elements of the global manager’s environment can be divided into four categories: economic,
legal, political, and ______.
Ans: cultural
4. Managers rely on other people, their ______, and norms in order to understand how to carry out
their job.
Ans: role set
5. ______ include explicit organizational rules and procedures as well as governmental laws, and also
implicit norms about “how we do things around here” that are well known and typically followed in an
organization or society.
Ans: Norms
6. ______ research seeks to find both the similarities and differences that exist across cultures regarding
a particular management issue.
Ans: Comparative
7. ______ research captures those studies that focus attention on the multinational enterprise.
Ans: International
8. ______ research seeks to understand the interactions between culturally different individuals in
organizational settings.
Ans: Intercultural
9. ______ research attempts to replicate research results first found in one country, typically the United
States, by repeating the research in other countries.
Instructor Resource
Ans: Replication
10. ______ equivalence relates to similarities and differences in the way to which the cultural groups
being studied respond to measurement instruments in general.
Ans: Method
11. ______ bias has to do with the extent to which cultural groups systematically choose the extreme
points or the middle points on rating scales.
Ans: Extremity
Essay
1. Describe the four categories of change that illustrate the changes in the world that are driving
globalization.
Ans:
1. Growing economic interconnectedness
2. More complex and dynamic work environments (migrants, downsizing, privatization, and
team-based management)
3. Information technology
4. New and different players on the global stage
2. What are the three particularly pervasive aspects of the U.S. perspective that limit the ability of U.S.
management theories to explain organizational phenomenon in cultures with contrasting orientations?
Ans:
1. Extreme individualism.
2. A belief that individuals are in control of their own circumstances and can, to a great degree,
influence their environment and future events (or free will).
3. Low-context communication where most of the meaning of a message is contained in the
explicit communication as opposed to the context surrounding the information exchange.
3. Select three types of international management research from the list. Compare and contrast the
cultural assumptions of the different types: domestic, replication, indigenous, comparative,
international, and intercultural.
Instructor Resource
Ans:
Domestic research is designed and conducted within a single country without regard for the
boundary conditions set by the cultural orientation of the country. Assumptions: Culture is
ignored, or universality of theory is assumed.
Replication research attempts to replicate research results first found in one country, typically
the United States, by repeating the research in other countries. Assumptions: Universality is
questioned; there is no theory available to predict the effect of culture.
Indigenous research focuses on the different and varied ways in which managers behave and
organizations are run in a specific cultural setting in a way that highlights something that is
expected to be unique. Assumptions: Cultural differences are assumed to exist; indigenous
theory is needed to explain behavior.
Comparative research seeks to find both the similarities and differences that exist across
cultures regarding a particular management issue. Assumptions: Similarities and differences
exist; there may or may not be a theory available to predict the effect of culture.
International research captures those studies that focus attention on the multinational
enterprise. Assumptions: Similarities and differences exist, or culture is ignored.
Intercultural research seeks to understand the interactions between culturally different

individuals in organizational settings. Assumptions: Specific aspects of culture are part of the
theoretical framework underlying the study.
4. Chapter 1 discusses eight critiques of international and cross-cultural research. Describe four of them.
Ans:
1. Questionable theoretical base: some critics argue that cross-cultural studies rely too much on
a small set of dimensions without capturing a broad view or accounting for variations within a
culture. Additionally, cross-cultural studies may emphasize differences among nations rather
than testing theories within a cross-cultural context.
2. Parochialism: Some domestic conclusions have been assumed to be universal, meaning that a
Western industrial model dominates when comparing cultures.
3. Samples that assume country homogeneity: Samples need to be interpretable so variables,
like organization type, hierarchical level, and demographic characteristics can be be taken into
account with methods such as using statistical controls.
4. Lack of relevance: Managers abroad may not have the same sense of the importance of
cross-cultural studies compared with managers in the United States.
5. Reliance on a single method: most research utilizes questionnaires given at a single point in
time, which may fail to account for the temporal aspect of cultural influence. A variety of
research methods would help scholars gain a broader understanding of cross-cultural
management.
6. Bias toward studying large companies: The vast majority of international and cross-cultural
studies have been conducted in the organizational context of large firms.
Instructor Resource
7. Reliance on a single organizational level: Researchers’ samples typically look only at

managers or skilled workers, rather than looking at multiple levels within an organizational
hierarchy.
8. Limited to a small number of locations: Most studies have been done in a small number of
western European countries, Japan, and recently, China. Little research has been done in the
Middle East, Africa, and Latin America.

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Instructor Resource

Thomas/Peterson, Cross-Cultural Management, 4e

Chapter 1: Introduction: The Challenging Role of the Global

5. ______ enables formerly government-controlled enterprises to be available for purchase by foreign

Answer Location: Limitations in Present Management Studies

Difficulty Level: Medium

A. reliance on a single method

4. Privatization might be the most significant force toward globalization.

Completion (Fill in the Blank)

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Intercultural research seeks to understand the interactions between culturally different

7. Reliance on a single organizational level: Researchers’ samples typically look only at

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