Table 6 - Summary of data extraction in 9 article with low bias risk (N=9)

PCB Age (Yr.) Control Age (Yr.) PCB Normal vs

Author, year Study design Muscle EMG test Variable
Sample size Mean ± s.d. Sample size Mean ± s.d. vs Control crossbite side
16
Alarcón, et al., Unilateral SW: ↑AT nx SW and MR:
C-S, CG 12.2 n=30 12.5 MM, AT, PT MR, M, SW Peak EMG (µV)
2000 R (n=30) M: ↓MM x ↓PT x
18 Unilateral
Alarcón, et al., EMG (µV)
C-S, CG R (n=15), 10-12 n=30 10-12 MM, AT, PT MR, MVC MVC: ↓MM x NS
2009 AI (%)
L (n=15)
9 Unilateral MR: ↑AT, ↑MM, x MR: ↑AT. ↑MM, x
Kecik, et al., 2007 Q-E, CG 10.6 ± 1.4 n=31 9.8 ± 1.6 MM, AT MR, MVC, SW EMG (µV)
(n=35) MVC: ↓MM, ↑AT, x MVC: ↓MM x
36
Martín, et al., Unilateral EMG (µV) SW: ↑AT x
Q-E, CG 12.5 ± 1.2 n=30 12.5 ± 1.2 MM, AT, PT MR, MVC, SW -
2012 (n=25) AI MVC: ↓MM x
26 Unilateral
Piancino, et al.,
C-S, CG R (n=50), 8.6 ± 1.3 n=12 8.9 ± 0.6 MM M, UM Peak EMG (µV) NS UM: ↓MM x
2009
L (n=22)
Before ME: NS
20 POC, T, AAI,
Michelotti, et al., Unilateral 9.6 ± 1.6 n=40 10.5 ± 1.1 After ME:
Q-E, CG MM, AT MVC, UM IMPACT, SMI, NS
2019 (n=29) ↓IMPACT, ↓IMS
MPS, FREQ
6 months :NS
Bilateral (n=1)
10
Spolaor, et al., Unilateral 9 ± 1.5 After ME
Q-E, CG n=10 10 ± 1.7 MM, AT MVC Peak EMG (µV) MVC: ↑AT x
2020 R (n=9), 9 ± 2.3 ↓MM, ↓AT, x
L (n=6)
After ME
37 Bilateral (n=11)
Arat, et al., 2008 Q-E 12.5 - - MM, AT UM, SW EMG (µV) - SW: ↑AT
Unilateral (n=7)
UM: ↓AT, ↓MM
4
Lenguas, et al., Unilateral
C-S 6.3 - - MM, AT, PT MR, MVC AAI, e MAA - NS
2012 (n=30)
C-S means cross-sectional; CG, control group; Q-E, quasi experimental; R, right; L, left; MM, masseter muscle; AT, anterior temporal; PT, posterior temporal; MR, mandibular rest; M, mastication; SW,
swallowing; MVC, maximum voluntary contraction; UM, unilateral mastication; EMG, electromyography; µV, micro-volt; ↑, higher; ↓, lower; x, crossbite side; nx, normal side; ME, maxillary expansion; NS,
without statistical significance.