E-

lementarysi-gna-s-ontd.es
Ncn ) = A ✗ Much )

Sinusoidal signal :
→

✗ (n) = A- Cos ( Wont 0 )

periodic contd .

A- Cos (
-

seen)= won to ) = seen +

II
let ,

seen) = Cos ( wont 0 )

n(ntN) = ( Os ( wocntnl ) to )

if ncn) = seen + N )
Coslwonto ) = Cos ( wocntnl) +0 )
- =

"

integral of
"

wow : multiple 2A

wont = Zñr ; r =
integer
I if rational number
w÷n- →
=

is
then the signal
periodic .

Three
EI :
signals : se ,
Cn )
,
Nin) & Nscn )
N
, , Nz & Nz :
periods of se , , Nz & Nz irrespectively
say ,
Ny (n ) = ✗ Hi Cn ) 1- 13 Rzcn) + Does Cn )
Ny :
period of Ry Cn )

If My =
LCM ( N ,
,
Nz , Nz ) : Ky is periodic
N , = 3
, Nz =
5 & Nz = 12

LCMC ) 60
3,5 12 =
,

Go cycles 15 Cycles
cyclone : 20
Cycles ,
12
,

Then, ¥cm
+ "
Ny ( n)
Nz ( n )

Note : Sum of periodic Signals is also periodic .

Int_ÉÉÉignal :

Digital sinusoidal
Signal :
ACos#_0 )
Analog signal
: sect) = A- Cos ( Rt +0 )

F- Acoscrn -1+0
A- Coslett )
)→lA1
-

a F a

sect ) seen -1)

-
Acoslwnto)
I

IT non)
W =
; 1- =
period -

ifs Sampling freq

=Ig- ÷
= . =

freq
2ñfgf_
=
; f- = actual .
in Hz

iffs cyclic freq

2ñ¥
w =
= ratio of .

w : Normalized digital freq .

( radian ) .

=
"
%"
If f-
fsfz then
w=2ñf¥÷ =I_←
=
 of normalized digital Iraq is
Range
0 < we < a-
=
Real : Baseband
signal : a- < we < a-
-

nqanipulatiouoftbignals :

1. Transformation of independent variable :

✗ ( n ) :
signal
Is n to n -
K ; K =
integer
K is tre : seen ) units
delayed by K .

K is -
re : Rcn] advanced by K units .

EI : se Cn) = { -1
,
0
,
1 ,
2
,
3
,
4
,
4
,
4
,
Y ,
4,0 }
9 nsecn]
D= 0 •

|
II .

→ seen -33 →

= } -1,0 ,
1
, 2,3 ,
4 , 4,4 4,4 ,
, 0£ →n
M in
A- 0 " °
3)
green -
→

|
→ seen + 2) .

=
} -1
, 0,1 ,
2
, 3,4 , 4,4 , 4,4 , 0 }
r M
n=0 փ- A
n

n=o
n¥e : Delay shifts the signal nzecntz)
to the
right & advance shift ←
•
•

→
left
signal to the .

D= 0
2. Folding : n → -
n

Reflection of time
the
signal about 7=0 .

E€ : RCM =
} 2
,
2,2 , 0,1 ,
2
, 3,4 }
In

)
-3 -2 -1 MIO 1 2
}ecÑ)
ycn ) = al - n a

y ( O ) =
Rko ) = O

(1) = NC -
1) =
2
y
2
2)
y (2)
= set -
=
• >
n
C- 1) N( 1) = 1
e so 9
y
= on
n=o

Yln ) =/ 4,3 2,1

, ,
0
,
2
, 2,2 } = al -
n )
T
D= 0

) NC -71-23
→ yen = →

ycn ) =
2 4 ,
3
, 2,1 ,
0
, 2,2, 2 }
4
'

T
M = 0

Notes :
Folding & time delay are not commutative .