Senior High School

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Media and
Information
Literacy
Quarter 2 – Module 1:
Power of Media and Information
 Second Quarter
Module 1 - Week 1
POWER OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION

Content Standard : The learner demonstrates understanding of different

resources of media and information, their design
principle and elements, and selection criteria.
Performance Standard : The learner produces a living museum or electronic
portfolio or any other creative forms of multimedia
showcasing their/his/her understanding, insights,
and perceptions of the different resources of media
and information.
Learning Outcomes : Cite an example of an issue showing the power of
media and information to affect change
Competency : The learners understand opportunities and
challenges in media and information.
The leaners research and cite recent examples of the
power of media and information to affect change.
Topic : Impact of Social Media

What I Know

Read each question carefully. Then, identify the best answer to each item.
Write only the letter on another piece of paper.

1. What has played a vital role in revolutionizing news?

A. social media C. profile networks
B. news feeds D. blogging

2. Who are the first to report breaking stories with eye-witness videos and real-time
Information?
A. electronic gadgets C. hard wares
B. scholarly articles D. citizen’s journalist

3. What brings wealth of information at a fingertip?

A. online store C. e-commerce
B. internet D. printed news paper

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4. Which of the following is NOT a key area of opportunity in digital media?
A. access C. engagement
B. channel D. Wi-Fi

5. Which of the following is a threat faced by users of social media?

A. personal attacks C. build relationships
B. easier communication D. worldwide connectivity

6. What is the best definition of the word “friend” which is used in social media?
A. someone who knows you personally
B. a person who has been with you through thick and thin
C. a cooperative relationship that includes supportive action
D. having social connections not necessarily physically but can also be
electronically

7. What do you call a journalism that is conducted by people who are not professional
journalists but who disseminate information using Web sites and social media?
A. citizen journalism C. broadcast journalism
B. editorial journalism D. newspaper journalism

8. What is described as content available on-demand through the internet?

A. visual media C. new media
B. audio media D. old media

9. What refers to the buying and selling of goods or services using the internet, and
the transfer of money and data to execute these transactions?
A. e-commerce C. social media
B. journalism D. consumers

10. Which of the following statements is TRUE about social media?

A. Social media is not addictive.
B. Social media can be very fake.
C. Social media prioritizes the elderly who are lonely.
D. Social media provides support to people in need of money.

How was your score? Don’t worry. Read this module to learn more about the
effects on social media on society.

What I Need to Know

Congratulations! You are now in the second half of the subject – Media and
Information Literacy. In this quarter, you will be producing different media and
information sources which will showcase your understanding and insights.

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 In this module, you will begin with discovering the power of media and
information in our society. Particularly, you will learn the opportunities and
challenges of social media in different context.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. analyze the opportunities of social media in fields of news, commerce and

society;
2. examine the possible threats of social media in news, commerce and society;
and
3. write an essay about the power of media and information to affect change.

What’s In

Welcome! In this module, you will have another amazing discovery of media
and information. Let’s recall how much you have learned in the previous quarter.
Let’s have fun with words to review some of the concepts.

WORD SEARCH

Look for eight previously discussed terms in the word search puzzle. The words
appear straight across, backward straight across, up and down, and down and up.
After, answer the given guide questions in complete sentences. Write them on a
separate sheet of paper.

S O G W X Q Q O A W S W E
D P H E D S Z S E D O C N
C O N V E N T I O N S O D
T Y K O F R S I Z F Y N A
F C L L G D W T S G A V N
C A U U H S A Y I I L E G
B R N T I P I H N S I R E
C E I I T L D J G T T G R
E T G O R L E G A L E E E
Y I M N Y K M K Q U I N D
O L R T N L M E D S I C A
N O I T A M R O F N I E Q

Guide Questions:

1. Which of the topics do you the like most?

2. Which one would you like to explore more?

That’s right! There’s still so much to explore and learn about media and
information. Let’s continue our study in this new module.

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 What’s New

Quotable Quote

Read the words of Jess C. Scott below. Then, answer the questions that follow.

“People are sheep. TV is the shepherd.”

― Jess C. Scott, Literary Heroin (Gluttony): A Twilight Parody

Guide Questions:

1. What does the quotation say about media?

2. In what way does the quotation show the influence TV or media to the people?
Explain your answer.

You’re right! Remember how technological transitions shape media

industries? New media — the Internet and other digital forms of communication —
have had a large effect on society.

In this module, you will focus on the positive and negative influence of media
and information on society in different context.

What Is It

In today’s generation and society, media has become a primary tool without
which one’s life seems incomplete. As internet brings wealth of information at a
fingertip, it offers exciting and rewarding time to its users. Lowery (2015) identified
four key areas of opportunity in digital media – engagement, knowledge, access and
channels.

1. Engagement. In digital age, people now receive information quickly

through email.
2. Knowledge. Media gather wealth of personal data about users’ preferences,
interests, and behavior.
3. Access. Today’s reader is always “on” and always addressable, accessing
content many times throughout the day from multiple locations.
4. Channel. Users interact with content on more channels than ever before
in the mobile applications.

It is important to note that these key areas are enjoyed both by the users and
producers of media and information. With this key areas of opportunities, social

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media create a big impact in one’s life in different contexts– journalism, commerce
and society.

Impact of Social Media

1. The Impact of Social Media on Journalism

According to Rogers (2020), social media has played a vital role in

revolutionizing news. Many citizens are the first to report on breaking stories, with
eye-witness videos, first-hand accounts, and real-time information, all using social
media. Even news outlets will share breaking stories on social media before
traditional means, but they still have to follow up with larger stories quickly or risk
being outdated with their material in this fast-paced news environment.

Social media doesn't just play a role in disseminating citizen-generated news;

it also stands as a source for professional journalists to identify the stories they need
to cover. Cision (2016) mention in Rogers (2020) indicated that more than 50% of
professional journalists used social media to find and build stories.

2. The Impact of Social Media on Society

Simplilearn (2020) claims that without social media, social, ethical,

environmental, and political ills would have minimal visibility. Increased visibility of
issues has shifted the balance of power from the hands of a few to the masses.

3. The Impact of Social Media on Commerce.

Firstdata.com indicated that eCommerce sales continue to grow year after

year. In 2019, sales topped $3.45 billion – a nearly 22 percent increase from 2018.

Online stores with a social media presence, such as a Facebook and/or Twitter
account, have 32% more sales than the average store that is not present on social
media.

The Challenges of Social Media

Social media has been blamed for promoting social ills such as:

1. Lack of Privacy:

Stalking, identity theft, personal attacks and misuse of information are some
of the threats faced by the users of social media. Most of the time, the users
themselves are to be blamed as they end up sharing content that should not be in
the public eye. The confusion arises from a lack of understanding of how the private
and public elements of an online profile actually work.

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2. The Impact of Social Media on Relationships

One of the effects of social media is encouraging people to form and cherish
artificial bonds over actual friendships. The term ‘friend’ as used on social media
lacks the intimacy identified with conventional friendships, where people actually
know each other, want to talk to each other, have an intimate bond and frequently
interact face to face.

What’s More

Activity 1. Read Between the Lines

Read the cartoon strip below. Analyze its content. Then, answer the questions
that follow.

https://www.simplilearn.com/real-impact-social-media-article

Guide Questions:

1. What issue is talked about in this cartoon strip? Give clue/s to support your
answer.

2. How does it show the effect of media? Give your reasons.

That’s an interesting argument you have. Social media has changed the way
people show support or express concerns on social issues. Nowadays, it is limited
only to pressing the “Like” button or sharing content.

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Activity 2. Trending this Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way people do things worldwide.
Study the picture below. Relate the manner in which social media played an active
part in doing business. Use the guide questions below.

https://www.simplilearn.com/real-impact-social-media-article

Guide Questions:

1. What issue is raised in this picture?

2. During the pandemic, how do media help people do business in terms of:
a. market the product?
b. strategies in selling the products?
c. advertising the products?
d. planning and developing product?
e. earning?
d. progress?

3. Does the change in doing business become an opportunity or a challenge? Give

your reasons.

Very Good! You have explained well your viewpoints. These media
personalities are also called content producers.
Social media has invaded business organizations not only to reach their
customers but also prospects. Companies see the importance of using social media
to connect with customers and build revenue.

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Activity 3. I Witness?
Read and understand the article below. Then, answer the questions that follow.
Citizen Journalism in The Philippines: Public Pressure for Public Accountability
Blog | August 18, 2016 | Anastasia-Areti Gavrili

If you thought that your daily commute to work was difficult – getting the buses
in London or riding the (usually late) trains in Amsterdam - and if you think your
government should improve public transport, spare a thought for the people in North
Kotabato, a village in the south of the Philippines…

One bridge that gets you to work.

Half a meter of stagnant flood water to wade through every day.

A group of teachers, priests, architects, dentists, and social workers committed to

making a change, and making government more accountable for public services.

Every day in the town of North Kotabato, people would cross a footbridge to get
their children to school or get to work. But during the rainy season, the footbridge would
flood, and everyone crossing would have to wade through a long, knee-deep pool, removing
their shoes so they wouldn’t be drenched with dirty and smelly stagnant water.

To make use of the bridge during the rainy season, some parents put some stones,
sandbags, and pieces of bamboo and lumber for their children and other passersby to
step on and not get soaked. - local teacher, North Kotabato, Mindanao province.

As of this year, the footbridge has been re-engineered. There are new drainage
holes, and the pathway is clear in both dry and rainy seasons: a simple amendment, done
by the local government, but only possible after ordinary people campaigned successfully
for change. So why did this campaign – unlike so many others – work?

The Institute for War and Peace Reporting (IWPR) has been training and mentoring
citizens in 28 areas across the Philippines to better understand, highlight and engage with
their local governments on key public finance issues.

The bridge in North Kotabato is just one example of how this public pressure has
created change, and there are lessons here about how to support community groups to
create public pressure and bring about the changes they want to see in their communities.
Before and after photos of the bridge in North Kotabato. Copyright: Citizen
Action Network for Accountability

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Building an Engaged Network of Citizen Journalists

WPR doesn’t just help community members understand complicated issues like
audits, public budgets, and anti-corruption laws: it also equips them with journalistic
and investigative skills. Through the project’s training sessions, they learn how to follow
a paper trail, use social media, conduct interviews, and participate in press conferences
so their stories are taken up by the media.

These are concerned citizens who group together - they don’t know yet the
sophistication of using the media. – Rorie Fajardo, IWPR. The community groups are
contributing stories to the Citizen Action Network for Accountability (CANA) website,
sharing photos and videos taken with their cell phones, bringing to light important issues
for their community.

By communicating the misspending (or misallocation) of community money

through articles that are often picked up by the Filipino media, ordinary people are
creating public pressure to campaign for change.

In some provinces, groups use the radio to invite local government officials in an
open discussion and post news and updates on Facebook, inviting people to share their
comments. - Rorie Fajardo, IWPR

Finding Space for A “Friendly Neighborhood Watchdog”

As you would expect, initiatives that scrutinize local government groups are not
always welcome. In some areas, local authorities respond by intimidating and threatening
citizen journalists who are critical of their performance. Staying objective and professional
is a serious challenge, especially in small communities where the person you are
criticizing may also be your neighbor.

However, while in some province’s community groups are seen as causing chaos,
in other areas groups see the government as their ally, not an adversary, bringing local
government on board with the idea that community groups are a “friendly neighborhood
watchdog”.

Public ’Voice’ and Public Accountability

The team know that just raising the profile of an issue is not enough. CANA was
formed because local communities were raising their voice to demand more responsive
governance, but their action is based on collaboration with local government. They aim to
help both the government and the communities they serve see a full picture of what is
happening on the ground – whether it’s a flooded bridge or cases of corruption.

It’s not easy. Government and citizens have an uncertain relationship when
talking about failures in services or misspending of money.

When I talked with local action groups, I could see the concern on people’s faces
when describing their work. But one thing was clear: despite all the challenges, they are
more engaged than ever, and more convinced the public pressure is a key driver of public
accountability.

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Guide Questions:

1. What is citizen journalism? What are the advantages of Citizen Journalism?

Cite some examples.
2. What are the issues of citizen journalism? What mechanisms do they have to
prove the accuracy of their stories?
3. What gives rise to citizen journalism? Do you think making ordinary citizens
news reporters on TV or online develops more awareness on news content and
mass media industry?

Very good! You must remember that citizen journalism sprouted from the
advent of internet, new technologies, social platforms, and grass-roots media. It has
become an alternative of news gathering and reporting, taking place outside the
“mainstream media” like newspapers, radio, and Television.

What I Have Learned

Do not forget that…

◼ Lowery (2015) identified four key areas of opportunity in digital media –

engagement, knowledge, access, and channels.
o Engagement. In digital age, people now receive information quickly
through email.
o Knowledge. Media gather wealth of personal data about users’
preferences, interests, and behavior.
o Access. Today’s reader is always “on” and always addressable,
accessing content many times throughout the day from multiple
locations.
o Channel. Users interact with content on more channels than ever
before in the mobile applications.

◼ Impact of Social Media

o The Impact of Social Media on Journalism
o The Impact of Social Media on Society
o The Impact of Social Media on Commerce

◼ The Challenges of Social Media

o Lack of Privacy
o The Impact of Social Media on Relationships

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 What I Can Do

Essay: Write a 300-word essay about the “Power of Social Media and the
Responsibility of the Users in Time of Pandemic.” Use the rubrics below to guide
you. Write your outputs in a short bond paper.

Writing Rubrics

Criteria 20 16 13 10
Most words Some words Words are chosen Words are
are carefully are carefully with less care; chosen with
chosen; chosen; writing is less care;
writing is writing is sometimes writing is
clear and clear and unclear; most sometimes
legible. Most legible. Most words are spelled unclear; some
Mechanics
words are words are correctly and is words are
spelled spelled grammatically spelled
correctly and correctly and correct. incorrectly and
proper proper proper
punctuation punctuation punctuation is
is employed. is employed. not employed.
Major points Major points Major points are Topic is
are presented are presented. oversimplified
and presented. However, most of or fails to
fully However, them are not present major
supported some of them supported with points.
with are not convincing
Content
convincing supported arguments, ideas
arguments, with and data.
ideas and convincing
data. arguments,
ideas and
data.

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 Assessment

Read each question carefully. Then, identify the best answer to each item.
Write only the letter on another piece of paper.

1. Which of the following is a disadvantage of citizen journalism?

A. It empowers local communities.
B. It has limited audience in some cases.
C. It addresses the gaps in mainstream media.
D. It gives an opportunity to cover all sides of the story.

2. Which form of media is everywhere, encompassing television, print, radio and

the internet, in the form of online publications?
A. social media C. media literacy
B. audio media D. mainstream media

3. What websites and applications enable users to create and share content
or to participate in social networking?
A. media information C. social media
B. mainstream media D. media literacy

4. What brings wealth of information at a fingertip?

A. internet C. e-commerce
B. online shops D. printed news paper

5. What is described as content available on-demand through the internet?

A. visual media C. new media
B. audio media D. old media

6. Who are the first to report breaking stories with eye-witness videos and real-time
Information?
A. scholarly articles C. hard wares
B. electronic gadgets D. citizen’s journalism

7. Which of the following is a threat faced by users of social media?

A. can create viral contents C. build relationships
B. cyberbullying and abuse D. worldwide connectivity

8. Which of the following statements describe the impact of social media on

relationships?
A. Social media allowed the misuse of information.
B. Social media encouraged people to form and cherish artificial friendship.
C. Social media became a source of immediate dissemination of news reports.
D. Social media paved the way of online selling and other businesses done online.

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9. What major benefit did social media give to e-commerce?
A. more sales than in an average store
B. less source of consumers because of expensive advertisements
C. more products were put to waste because of too much production
D. less income because people do not know how to use electronic devices

10. Which of the following is NOT a key area of opportunity in digital media?
A. engagement C. channel
B. access D. Wi-Fi

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 Answer Key
Answer may be vary.
What’s New

Q E I N F O R M A T I O N
A C I S D E M L N T R L O
D N I U Q K M K Y N M I Y
E E E L A G E L R O G T E
R G T T G J D L T I I E C
E R I S N H I P I T N R B
G E L I I Y A S H U U A C
N V A G S T W D G L L C F
A N Y F Z I S R F O K Y T
D O S N O I T N E V N O C
N C O D E S Z S D E H P D
E W S W A O Q Q X W G O S

What’s In

References:
Wilson, Carolyn et al. (2011). Media and Information Literacy: Curriculum for
Teachers. UNESCO Press ISBN 978-92-3-104198-3 (EN); 978-959-18-07; 978-959-
18-0787-8 (ES)

Lowery, Kristine. (2015). 4 Digital Media Opportunities that You Should Leverage.
Retrieved October 5, 2020, from https://www.sailthru.com/marketing-blog/5-
opportunities-that-are-transforming-digital-media-as-we-know-it/

Rogers, Tony. (2020, August 26). Understanding Citizen Journalism. Retrieved on

October 5, 2020 from https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-citizen-journalism-
2073663.

(n.d.). The Positive Impact of Social Media on eCommerce | First Data. Retrieved
October 5, 2020, from https://www.firstdata.com/en_us/insights/the-impact-of-
social-media-on-e-commerce.html

Iribarren, Leopoldine (2019, February 3). The impact of ‘citizen journalism’ on the
public sphere. Retrieved on October 6, 2020 from
https://medium.com/@LeopoldineIL/the-impact-of-citizen-journalism-on-the-
public-sphere-c1a5586cdac9

Gavrili, Anastasia-Areti (2016 August 18). Citizen journalism in the Philippines:

public pressure for public .... Retrieved October 7, 2020, from

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https://www.makingallvoicescount.org/blog/citizen-journalism-philippines-public-
pressure-public-accountability/

Pictures

(2020). Understanding the Impacts of Social Media: Pros and Cons. Retrieved on
October 5, 2020 from https://www.simplilearn.com/real-impact-social-media-
article

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