MELTING- Melting is a process that causes a substance to change from a solid to a liquid.

Melting
occurs when the molecules of a solid speed up enough that the motion overcomes the attractions so that
the molecules can move past each other as a liquid.
FREEZING- is a phase transition where a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below
its freezing point. In accordance with the internationally established definition, freezing means the
solidification phase change of a liquid or the liquid content of a substance, usually due to cooling.
VAPORIZATION- conversion of a substance from the liquid or solid phase into the gaseous (vapour)
phase. If conditions allow the formation of vapour bubbles within a liquid, the vaporization process is
called BOILING. Direct conversion from solid to vapour is called SUBLIMATION.
EVAPORATION- is the process that changes liquid water to gaseous water (water vapor). Water moves
from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere via evaporation.

CONDENSATION is the process by which water vapor in the air is changed into liquid water; it's the
opposite of evaporation. Condensation is crucial to the water cycle because it is responsible for the
formation of clouds.
PRECIPITATION is any liquid or frozen water that forms in the atmosphere and falls back to the earth.
DEPOSITION is the settling of particles or sediment onto a surface. The particles may originate from a
vapor, solution, suspension, or mixture. Deposition also refers to the phase change from gas to solid.
SUBLIMATION is the transition from a solid phase to a gas phase without passing through an
intermediate liquid phase. Another example is when ice directly transitions into water vapor on a cold,
windy winter day.

TRANSPIRATION is the process in which water is lost as water vapor from the aerial parts of the plants
through stomata. Transpiration is essentially evaporation of water from the leaves of the plant.
IONIZATION- any process by which electrically neutral atoms or molecules are converted to electrically
charged atoms or molecules (ions) through gaining or losing electrons.
RECOMBINATION- is a process by which pieces of DNA are broken and recombined to produce new
combinations of alleles. This recombination process creates genetic diversity at the level of genes that
reflects differences in the DNA sequences of different organisms.