B.

E Project Stage –I Review II Presentation on

“Refrigerated Air Dryer”
Under the Guidance of
Prof Vijay Desai
Presented by
Neha Alhat (01)
vandana venkatesan
Akanksha Lande (23)
Sartahk Rao ( 83)
Pimpri Chinchwad Education Trust’s
Pimpri Chinchwad College of Engineering & Research Ravet
Savitribai Phule Pune University , PUNE
Content
• Why we choose this topic

• Introduction

a) Method to extract water

b) Resion wise

• Problem statement

• Objective

• Methodology

• Literature review
• Organization of Dissertation

• Project Work
• Why We Select R134
Content

• Model Setup
• Model Setup
Why we choose this topic

To provide water from Atmospheric air, to make that water useful for daily
use and which is economical.
To improve COP of the VCR system.
Provides a sustainable water source in remote or off-grid locations where
traditional water infrastructure is unavailable.
To improve performance capacity of evaporater in given same capacity of
refrigerant.
 Introduction

• Water is indispensable for human life. Water resources are rapidly declining. How
evert wo-thirds of the global population (4.0 billion people) live under conditions of
severe water scarcity at least one month per year[2]. Even in water rich areas, it's
difficult for people to find clean water in the remote outdoors. Therefore, how to
obtain potable water in a special way has become a new research direction.

• The atmosphere is estimated to contain over 12.9 × 1012 m3 of renewable water

• Extracted water from atmospheric vapor is an alternate potential solution to

relieve water resource shortages.
Method to Extract Water

there are 3 types :

Vapour compression refrigerator

Vapour absorption refrigerator
Vapour adsorption refrigerator
Region Wise Weather condition
-Pune
Region Wise Weather condition
-Mumbai
Region Wise Weather condition
-Rajasthan
Problem Statement

To design and analyse an environment-friendly vapour compression

refrigeration system for extraction of water from atmospheric air
Objective

• Selection suitable refrigeration system

• Extraction of maximum amount of water from air within a

specific period

• The system should be economically feasible

• Design and Development of every component of

refrigeration system
Methodology

• Selection of type of System • Manufacturing

• Assembly of the manufactures

• Listing all components
components

• Selection of Refrigerant • Testing

• Design of Evaporator • Assembly

• Costing of components • Final Product

• Purchasing components
Literature Review

Name of Paper titte Methodology Conclussion

resercher, adopted
Year of
publication.
Experimental
Sadasivunic investigations of In that research
atmospheric water paper working on
extraction device vapour
under different compression
climatic conditions” refrigeration
system
 Literature Review

. of
Name Paper titte Methodology conclussion
resercher, adopted
Year of
publication.

Wei He, Pengkun Yu, “Experimental Study In this research paper

Zhongting Hu, Song and Performance TEC used to extract
Lv, Minghui Qin, Analysis of a Portable water from air by
Cairui Yu- Atmospheric Water Atmospheric Water
Generator”[ Generator.
 Literature Review

Name of resercher, Paper title Methodology Adopted conclussion

Year of publication.

“A method of obtaining In that research extraction

H.I. Abualhamayel, P. fresh water from the of water from humid air is
Gandhidasan humid atmosphere” done by using liquid
desiccant.in that research
paper process is done for
day time as well as night
time
Literature Review

Name of resercher, Paper Title Methodology Adopted Conclussion

Year of publication.

Shanshan Liu, Wei He, “Experimental Analysis of In that research paper the
Dengyun Hu, Song Lv, a Portable Atmospheric method used to extract
Delu Chen, Xin Wu, Fusuo Water Generator by water from air is
Xu, Sijia Li- Thermoelectric cooling Thermoelectric Cooling
Method”[ Method.
 Literature Review

Name of resercher, Paper Title Methodology Adopted Conclussion

Year of publication.

V. P. Joshi, V. S. Joshi, H. A. Experimental investigations in that research paper the

Kothari, M. D. Mahajan, M. on a portable fresh water method used to extract
B. Chaudhari, K. D. Sant - generator using a water from air is
thermoelectric Thermoelectric Cooling
cooler” Method.
Literature Review
Name of resercher,
Year of publication.
M.K. Russel, D. Ewing, C.Y.
Ching
Paper Title Methodology Adopted Conclussion
“Characterization of a In that research paper the
thermoelectric cooler method used to extract
based thermal water from air is
management system Thermoelectric Cooling
under different operating Method
conditions”
Organization of Dissertation

2020 -2021
Description \
Year
Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June
23 23 23 23 23 24 24 24 24 24 24

1. Finalization
of group and
selection of
topic
2. Study of
research papers

3. Finding a
solution for
problem
statement
4. Finding a
suitable
methodology
5. Designing of
Evaporator
Organization of Dissertation

2023 -2024
Description \Year

Aug23 Sep 23 Oct23 Nov23 Dec23 Jan24 Feb24 Mar24 Apr24 May24 June24

1. Finalizationof group and

selection of topic

2. Study of
research papers

3. Finding asolution forproblem

statement

4. Finding a suitable
methodology

5. Designing ofEvaporator

7.
Manufacturing of
ExperimentalSetup

8. Testing

9. Final assembly
Why We Select this R134 ?

• R134a is a safe refrigerant with ASHARE safety classification of A1.

R134a has 0 ozone depletion potential so it becomes environment
friendly. R134a is not flammable and it has a very low toxicity level.
• Specific volume of R134a is 1.47 times larger than R22.
• Latent heat of evaporation is small so cooling capacity of R134a units is only
60% of R22 units.
• R134a is more powerful than R22 on the swelling of rubber and leakage rate
is higher in actual operation.

• R134a has 77°C auto-ignition temperature. R134a

has 0.15% solubility in water.
• Therefore, selecting R134a instead of R22 because it is more safe than R22.
Model Setup
Design of Evaporator

Calculations for evaporator are as follows:

1. Refrigerant:

In this system refrigerant used is R134a.

We have calculated the mass flow rate of refrigerant by

plotting a ph chart at the given evaporating and condensing

Evaporator

First we have designed an evaporator where the moisture from atmospheric air will be extracted in the
form of water, i.e. its liquid phase. To design the evaporator we first calculated the amount of heat that is
to be extracted from ambient air.
Design of Evaporator

Qtot = Q + 10% Losses

Q = ṁa1 × (h1 - h2)

Therefore, by using psychrometric chart,

For Dry Bulb Temperature = 35°C & Relative Humidity = 59.3%

↳ Specific enthalpy = h1= 93.42 × 103 J/Kg

For Apparatus Dew Point Temperature = 5°C

↳ Specific Enthalpy = h2=19.53 × 103 J/Kg

Design of Evaporator

Evaporator Fan Specifications : Sweep Diameter

= 100 mm = 0.1 mSpeed = 2400 RPM
Discharge = 100 m3/hr = 0.027 m3/sec Assuming
atmospheric air to be at 35°C,
∴ Density = 𝝔 = 1.145 kg/m3

Discharge = area × v1
0.027 = ( π/4)× 0.12 × v1
∴ v1 = 3.437 m/sec

ṁa1 = 𝝔 × area × v1

= 1.145 × ( π/4)× 0.12 × 3.437

ṁa1 = 0.031 kg/sec

Design of Evaporator

ṁa1 = 111.26 kg/hr

Q = ṁa1 × (h1 - h2)

= 0.031 × (93.42 × 103 - 19.53 × 103)

Q = 2290.59 W

Qtot = Q + 10% Losses

= 2290.59 + 229.059

Qtot =2519.649 W

Total Mass of Water:

mw = 0.496 g / sec
Design of Evaporator
Design of Evaporator

Fin Specifications :
Design of Evaporator

Refrigerant Properties at 5℃ (41℉) Pressure = 349870 Pa (3.4987 bar)

Sr. no Property SI unit

1 Density (𝝔 ) 17.140 kg/m3

2 Specific heat (Cp) 0.83×103 J/KgK

3 Viscosity (𝝻) 0.01018 ×10-3 kg/ms

4 Thermal conductivity (k) 0.01 W/m

DesignAf =of( π/4)×(9.2
Evaporator -3 2
× 10 ) = 6.647 × 10 -5 m2
ṁr = 𝝔×Af ×vr1
0.029 = 17.140 × 6.647 × 10-5 × vr1
vr1 = 25.45 m/s
Re = (𝝔 × vr1 × di) / 𝝻
=(17.140 × 25.45 × 9.2 × 10-3 ) / 0.01018 × 10-3
Re = 394220
Pr = (𝝻 × Cp) / k
= (0.01018 × 10-3 × 0.83 × 103) / 0.01
Pr = 0.84494
Nu = C× Ren × Pr1/3 40000<Re<400000
C=0.0266 , n=0.805
∴ Nu = 0.0266 ×3942200.805 ×0.844941/3
Nu = 803.63
Also Nu = (hi ×di) / k 803.63 = (hi ×9.2 × 10-
3) / 0.01
∴ hi = 873.51 W/m2K
Design of Evaporator

For Air,
Air Properties at 35℃ (95℉) :

Sr. no Property SI unit

1 Density (𝝔 ) 1.145 kg/m3

2 Specific heat (Cp) 1007 J/KgK

3 Viscosity (𝝻) 1.895 ×10-5 kg/ms

4 Thermal conductivity (k) 0.02625 W/m

Design of Evaporator

Also v1 = 3.437 m/sec , ṁa1 = 0.031 kg/sec

Fin face velocity = va1 = v1/Ac = 3.437/0.57 = 6.02 m/sec

Re = (𝝔 × va1 × Dh) / 𝝻
=(1.145 ×6.02 × 2.65 × 10-3 ) / 1.895 × 10-5
Re = 963.9147

Pr = (𝝻 × Cp) / k
= (1.895 × 10-5 × 1007) / 0.02625
Pr = 0.726

Nu = C× Ren × Pr1/3
40<Re<4000
C=0.683 , n=0.466

∴ Nu = 0.683 ×963.91470.466 ×0.7261/3

Nu = 15.088
Design of Evaporator

Also Nu = (ho ×Dh) / k

15.088 = (h0 ×2.65 × 10-3) / 0.02625
∴ h0 = 149.456 W/m2K

Fouling Factor = Rf = 0.001

Thermal Conductivity of copper = Kcop = 398 W/m.K
Ri = 4.6 × 10-3 mm……..Inner Radius of copper tube
ηf = 0.9010………Fin efficiency
Design of Evaporator

For LMTD,
Inlet temperature of hot fluid (i.e. air) = Thi = 35℃
Outlet temperature of hot fluid (i.e. air) = Tho = 10℃
Temperature of cold fluid (i.e. refrigerant) = Tc = 5℃
Design of Evaporator
Design of Evaporator
4

Qtot = U ×A×LMTD
2519.649 = 34.27 ×A× 13.95

A = 5.27 m2

Area of 1 fin = [(.25×.055)-( π ×.01×.01×30)]

4 ×2

= .0228 m2

Fins required for area 5.27 m2 = 5.27/0.0228

= 231.14
≈232 fins

2.11 mm distance between 2 fins

∴ Distance between 2 fins in inch = 2.11/25.4
= .083 inch
Length in inch = 232 ×.083 = 19.256 inch
∴ Hence evaporator will be of dimensions (10×20) or (14×14) Inch2
Where,
Design of Evaporator

do - Outlet diameter of refrigerant di - Inlet diameter of refrigerant

𝐴𝑓- Flow area of refrigerant
ṁa - Mass flow of air
ṁr - Mass flow rate of refrigerant vr1 - Velocity of refrigerant
va1 - Velocity of air
𝑅𝑒 - Reynolds Number
𝑃𝑟 - Prandtl's Number
𝑁𝑢 - Nusselt Number
hi - heat transfer coefficient of refrigerant ho - heat transfer coefficient of water

U - Overall heat transfer coefficient Qtot - Total heat exchange

A - Total surface area
𝐿 - Total length
Conclusion