B1 – GRAMMAR

Nouns:
o Singular and plural
o Countable and uncountable nouns
o Abstract nouns
o Compound nouns
o Complex noun phrases
o Saxon genitive

Pronouns:
o Personal: subject, object, possessive
o Reflexive and emphatic
o Demonstrative: this, that, these, those
o Quantitative and indefinite: one, something, some, any…
o Relative: who, which, that, whom, whose

Determiners:
o A + countable nouns
o The + countable/uncountable nouns

Adjectives:
o Colour, size, shape, quality, nationality
o Predicative and attributive
o Cardinal and ordinal numbers
o Possessive: my, your, his, her, etc.
o Demonstrative: this, that, these, those
o Quantitative: some, any, many, much, a few, a lot of…
o Comparative and superlative forms (regular and irregular): as…as, adjective +
enough, too + adjective
o Order of adjectives
o Participles as adjectives
o Compound adjectives
Adverbs:
o Regular and irregular forms
o Manner: quickly, carefully, etc.
o Frequency: often, never, twice a day/month/year, etc.
o Definite time: now, last week, etc.
o Indefinite time: already, just, yet, etc.
o Degree: very, too, rather, etc.
o Place: here, there, etc.
o Direction: left, right, along, etc.
o Sequence: first, next, etc.
o Sentence adverbs: too, either, etc.
o Comparative and superlative forms

Prepositions
 o Location: to, on, inside, next to, etc.
o Time: at, in, on, during, etc.
o Direction: to, into, from, etc.
o Instrument: by, with
o Prepositional phrases
o Prepositions preceding nouns and adjective: by car, for sale, etc.
o Prepositions following nouns, adjectives and verbs: advice on, afraid of, laugh
at, etc.
Connectives:
o And, but, or, either…or
o When, while, until, before, after, as soon as, where
o Because, since, as, for
o So that, (in order) to
o If, unless
o Although, while, whereas

Verbs: regular and irregular forms.

Modals:
o Can o Should o Must
o Could o May o Mustn’t
o Would o Might o Need
o Will o Have to o Needn’t
o Shall o Ought to o Used to +
infinitive
Tenses:
o Present simple o Past perfect simple
o Present continuous o Future (going to)
o Present perfect simple o Future (present simple and
o Past simple continuous)
o Past continuous o Future (will-shall)

Verb forms:
o Affirmative, negative and interrogative
o Imperatives
o Infinitives (with and without to) after verbs and adjectives
o Gerunds after verbs and prepositions
o Gerunds as subject and objects
o Passive: present and past simple
o Causative with have/get
o So/nor auxiliaries

Compound verb patterns: phrasal verbs/verbs with prepositions

Conditional sentences:
o Type 0
o Type 1
o Type 2
Simple reported speech: Statements, questions, commands  say, ask, tell.