LUDWIG VON BERTALANFRY (1901-1972)

general system theory.

•Developed by biologist Ludwing von Bertalanffy. in 1936

・Allows scholars and scientists to make sense of system charre teristics sush as

1. wholeness 2.differentiation 3. order,4. Equifinality, 5.progression and others

with the common framework Scientists their findings with each other and build upon each other works.

• Include Purpose, content and process, breaking. down the whole and analyzing the parts.

System -subcomponent –

System is made up sclarate components

"Post reply on one another, are interrelated share a common purpose and together from a whole ,
circulatory system,

Nurse Patient also system

Heart - function- brain-

Ischemia- so brain will die. Dizziness light headache

Common Purpose- that common goal- Recovery patient

Clinical Nursing informant system

Encode- Pharmacy

Goal- quality nursing care, effective & efficient

Goal directed

LUDWIG MN BERTALANFFY (1901-1992)

general system theory. Developed by byologist Ludwing van Bertalanffy in 1936 output

•Allow scholay and scientists to make sense of system characteristics such as

1. wholeness
2. differentiation
3. order,
4. equifinality,
5. Progression and others
- with the common framework Scientists their findings with with each other's work
 • Include Purpose, content and Process, breaking down the whole and analyzing the Parts.
system & subcomponent syntem jo made up delante components "Parco rely on another, are
interrelated, one a common I have a whole Purpope, and together form. circulatory system,
Harvey St. Nuspe, Patient also system wystem all interte lates heart it funct" in brain. Human
body-system lip chemia. So brath will die. dizrings sight headers, common Purpope → That
common goal-> Recovery of It! Clinical Nursing informant system. PE (encode - Pharmacy → goal
- quality usurping care, effective & efficient Goal Dive Ched

Input –is the information that enters the system.

out Put - is the end Product of a system

feed back – is the Process through which the output returned to the system.

Amlodipin - Antihypertensive drug for BP control

Assumption of the theory

- All system must Goal directed

A system is) more than the sum of its Parts.- ( like amputation pt. cannot walk –effect of life of pt. due to
amputation

A system is ever-changing dynamic and any change is one part affects the whole –

.- change of this word do not argue of the Pt, listen carefully tell to pt. I can understand your feelings

Boundaries are implicit and human systems are open and dynamics-if pt. cannot expressed – nurse
make policy, guideline to make clear asking for what is the goal of the system

Process- Analysis the data

About the Nuase -Assessment.

Incentive spirometry - To expressed lungs.

To facilitate Lungs function

Data- Breathing Difficulty.- Asthma pt.

Process will be educate the pt, practicing the pt. incentive spirometry
Nursing process-product will be lung expansion

Able to formulate nursing care plan

NCP

Infusion pump

Dr. order Plan NS 8h how many drops / min give to pt

( like amputation pt. cannot walk –effect of life of pt. due to amputation Output- flow of the fluid

subsystem feed back system constantly the environment and changed by: the environment changing.
information about some Peet of data or energy. Processing that can be used. to evaluate and monitor
the system and to guide. it to more effective. Performance system that is part of a larger system No
much changes over Hime in relation to the environment A rock inter dependent, and self-sufficient and
directed to rep Pompe to stimuli (A healthy young adult grows mone inde fandant, The finance
departma the information system, the managerial" system, The renal, Political, work flow system How
many cars wer Produced? How many had to recalled to come error? How many mistakes were made!
why were mistake. Made

system system Dynamic static subsystem system that is part of larger system Mo much changes over
Hime in relation to the How many cars were Produced? How many had to be recalled to correct How
many mistakes were made! the environmest anythment system comptantly changing. A the
environment and changed by about some op feet of data routingy. Processing that can be used to
evaluate and monitor system and to guide. it to more effective Performante A rock grows mone Linde
landant, inter dependent, DATE 09/10 23 Feed back information why were mistake made The finance
department the information system, The manage sist" system, the renal, Political work How healthy
young adult and self-sufficient and directed to. rep Pompe to stimuli

Is you ruping infusion Pump, varity All other! DATE 07/10/23 → Alarm in infusion Pump To Prevent from
air - Prevent from death of Pt. quality Assurance 5 why.. • You can evaluate some thing wrong in the
systems. Investigation ap why Any why Drorder not clear p * 2tmuKg \in Hmk → ugly 's During your
work shoud not distructed Quality Assurance much change ali bcz dr. in hurry ♡ Medical Error Did not
understand the order me be N. t mu<-; +^

Biologist DATE objective - Medicine - computer Science Machinery. Financing Multidisciplinary con
Mayor concepts Binciples O system → Made up of in terorelated and interdependent Boundarion -
Defines. a system and distinguish it poober from other systems. in an environment. Adaptation → Ability
to make the internal changes to Protect itself and keep fulfilling its Purpose Feed back loop → Process
by which systems. self correct based on reactions from other systems. systemic Adult Nursing. wurping
the biological system into the general systems theory of Napping-such as circulatory digestive,
endocrine, integumentry, lymphatic, Mysellar, Nervous, urinar In Summary: They continuous interect
with each out her Non Specific

medicine objective -- computers Swent Machinery. - Financing Non Specific © system → Made up of
interorelated and interdedaenday Boundaries orgings a system and distinguiph it footer from other
systems in an environment. Adaptation → Ability to make the internal changes to Protect itself and keep
fulfilling its. food back loop → process by which systems self correct based on reactions from other
systems. Systemic Adult 1- Nurping the biological • Nursing == system into the general systems theory of
Nursing. such as circulatory, digestive, endocrines in tegumentry lymphatic Musellar, Nervoly, usinar. In
Summary: They continuous interect with each outher

SYSTEM
A system in a group of element or component that work together to achieve goal by accepting input,
Processing & Produce output.

Example - Human body a system.

Subsystem-a system consist of several Subsystem or component of the large system.

- subsystem –subsystem can receive input and transfer out Put to other system or subsystem

-each Subsystem has a well-defined goal

system → Group of elements or components which work together to accomplish a Common task.

SYSTEM TypeS

1. Physical or Abstract

2. Open & closed

3. Adaptive & non-adaptive

4. Permanent temporary

5. Natural or manufactured system

Physical Abstract

• Physical system are tangible entities- Non-physical entities or Conceptual that may be
. it may be Static or dynamic in nature. formulas, representation or model of a real
system. we cannot touch of feel.
 OPEN CLOSED
-An open system must interest with its A closed system is isolated from environment
environment influences.
-It receive inputs and delivers outputs to the It is rare.
outside of the system
-It must adapt to the changing demands of the
uppers.

ADAPTIVE
Adaptive system responds to the change in the
environment in a way to improve their
performance and to survive.
Ex- in winter human wear woolen cloth and in
summer wear cotton cloth. We adopt according to
our environment…survive for.
NON-ADAPTIVE
Non adaptive system is the system which does not
respond to the environment.
Ex- according to situation who does not change
their attitude, behavior,
Don’t improve their performance

TEMPORARY PERMANENT
Is made for specified time and after that they are Persist for long time
demolished Ex- politices.

NATURAL MANUFACTURED
Are created by the nature Is manmade system.
Ex- solar system Ex- Rockets
Seasonal system Dialysis

Subsystem- each part of system can itself be described as a smaller system or subsystem.

Ex-Human body made up by cell, nerve, skeletal, muscles

A system can be very different from its parts.

Ex- circulatory system-include-vein, artery, heart, blood cell

Heart is system-made by –valve, nerve cell, heart muscle

Holistic- Greek word → whole → Total complete

Holistic health care -comprehensive & total care of a person by meeting his/ her needs in all area-
Physical, mental, Psychological, Intellectual Social culture & Spiritual Aspects.

CONCEPT

i) Multidimensionality of the Individual ↳ Multidimensional - physical, mental,.

ii) Relationship with individuals environment > individual Person Relationship with environment- can
cause disease

iii) Self Responsibility →self responsibility depend Disease cure

EX-DM Patient - 2 Person - one person taking care by himself like Exercise diet Medication taking
Properly And Another Parson not take Proper taking care by himself- Doing Routine checkup,

iv) Stress & Adaptation →

 Symptoms show due to stress,

 Due to any situation stress will occur,

Multidimensional

 Physical Dimension
 Emotional
 spiritual
 Intellectual
 Social

Ex- 2 Person, same situation, Problematic Situation

= • Situation positive site. & another Person take + ve site

+ve view –situation- can adopt this situation- can Come out this situation- can maintain healthy life.

Who Cannot cope up the situation- all time taking - ve site - Make depression.

COMMUNICATION
Communication is Process by which information is a between individuals through a Common system of
symbols, signs or behavior.

Objective- understand Pt's Problem

-help to solve the Problem

-Provide therapeutic Environment.

-Take feed back from pt

- To Community family & individual patient Provide mental health education

-Through exchange

-provide health service

I Look at the eyes of the pt. good listener

A- Ask appropriate question Ladder Theory apply.

D-Don’t interrupt the patient

D- Don't change subject frequently

E- Express emotion with control

R-Responsively listen the Pt

1. Listening

2. Broad opening -select Problem- encourage Pt to talk

3. Restating- Patient can express main Thought-reppot

4. clarification- Provide information

5. Reflection- Previous thought can express → Encourage to the Pt.

6. Humor →

7. Focusing-

8. Importing Information →

9. Suggesting-

DYNAMIC EQULIBRIUM

STATIC Dynamic

When a body remains in the same state of rest when a body remains in the same state of motion
under the influence of several forces. under the influence of several forces.

Equilibrium →

- Equilibrium Latin word "acques", meaning "equal" and libra, meaning "balance" or "scale".
- Equilibrium in biology refers to a State of balance and Stability in which internal and external factors
are regulated to maintain optimal functioning.

-It is a state of balance or stability in general *

- It is a Psychology an emotional balance occurs when individuals experience a sense of well- being and
harmony in their thought, and emotions.

* Body fails to control, compensate, or remedy it over time, the condition may bad to physiological
stress, dysfunction, disorder, disease & impaired organs / systems.

Homeostasis -definition in biology is the ability 0r tendency of the body or a cell to seek and maintain a
condition of equilibrium.a stable internal environment –as it deals with external changes.

Maintaining homeostasis is crucial for the Proper functioning and survival of individual organisms. It
disrupted, the internal balance and stability are compromised, thus, Putting the life of the organism at
risk.

At the level of ecosystem biotic may generate Change

Ex: such factors are climate change, Pollution,

habitat destruction, lead to Population declines or extinctions..

* Homeostasis- An internal balance-DM

ADAPTABILITY

Latin -adapto fit to adjust"

Adaptability has been described of the ability in to cope with unexpected disturbances in the
environment. That is thrins

EX- Older adult, - living with chronic physical Illness & Disability how adaptation Process are associated
with different activity domains.

and how activity domains relate to older adult perceptions of their independence old adult used wide
range dependence help nessness

reserves substituting one activity or перенор object with another

the way Modifying or changing activities are Per formed, uping furniture or equipment for assistance,
uping gadgets for assistance using assistance devices, receiving help. from , other People.

ADAPTATION.

Planning Activity Routinely booked aisle seats bez the extra Leg room allowed them to avoid becoming
stiff. •mininize amount of walking & Spread altivity out over

aleriod of days. to avoid doing too much. "Exerciping or stretching before getting out of a bed or chair to
avoid Pain & stiffness, wearing shoes with Help with woupe reloso instead of races, upe Microware,
food Processors. AN upe escalator or elevator. use Portable Phone in the to reduce walking. home

4 Assistance devices to help personal care (eig bath rails, raised toilet seats). use

• Mobility device like walkers, wheel Chais special device like thick Grip utensils when eating.

Receiving Paid hell for houpe cleaning, help from Serving like meals, Home Cape

ADAPTATION

DIS ABI

LOSS, optimizing Performance Limiting or Restricting Activity

emotional Reactivity topping efficiency. Paycho Logical ballisting

HTY

domains Activity: Pessonal care, Lilliy home Mobility, (iii) community mobility, house hold activity,
Porponal care include dressing, eating, Bathing, cutting to e nails, toileting.

*) Such ap-stam ding up from an armless chair, getting in and out of land, Standing for long Pasiods,
Sitting for long periods, walking inside one's home, climbing Stars

(ii) getting around community, getting in and out of car,

uping other kind of trany Potation. in Meal Preparation, light house work, heavy house work, nobbis
Behavioral efforts to Manage disability,

Operforming activity less often, Restricting or limiting activity Spending more time on activities, Planning
activities to avoid Problems uping movement to avoid Pain / Stiffness, uping Resiods of rest to renew
energy

4 They are

DATE lead to * Body fails to control, compensate, or remedy it over time, the condition. may
physiological stress, dysfunction, dipurder, dipcase & impaired organs / systems.

Homeostasis definition in biology is the ability tevidency of the body or a call to seek and maintain a
condition of equilibrium. stable internal environment = ap it deals with external changes. a

Maintaining homeostasis is crucial for the Proper Jumetioning and susciral of individual organisms. It
disrupted, the and Stability ame internal balance compromised, thus, Putting the life of the organism at
nik.
At the level of ecosystem biotic may generate Change Ef: such factors are climate change,

Pollution,

habiat destruction, lead to Populat

declines extinctions.. * Homegstapis & An internal balance

Thought exchange

health Service

Thesa Putic Communicat" wusse attention

My Look at the eyes of the pt. good listener A- Apk appropriate question Ladder Theory apply.

Don't in terrupt theft

D- Don't change subject frequently topic life my Problem

E Express emotion with control R Responpively listen the Pt

1. Liptening
2. Beroad opening select Problem → encourage Pt to talk

3. Restating Patient → can express main Thought.

4. clarificat Provide informat? 7 7

5. Reflection & Previous thought can express → Encoura

ge to the Pt.

6. Humor →

7. Focusing

8. Importing Information

9. Suggesting

Thought exchange

Provid health Service

Thesa Putic Communicat" wuspe attention.

Dy Look at the eyes of the pt. good listener At Apk appropriate question Ladder Theory apply.
D Don't interrupt theft

D- Don't change subject frequently Topic I live my Broblam

E Express emotion. with control R- Responpively listen the Pt

1. Liptening

2. Beroad opening select Problem encourage Pt to tal 3. Restating Patient → can express main Thought

4. clarificat Provide informat? 7

5. Reflection Previous thought can express → Enve ge to the Pt.

6. Humor →

7. Focusing

8. Imparting Information 9. suggesting

-Natural

are created nature by the

•Ex. Solar Sys. tem seasonal system

Manu " forte tured.

man made so system

"Ep! Rocket oyalysis dialyzer.

Subsystem! - Fach Part of system can itself Made up by. tel described up a smaller systemor Subsystem,
Human body Cell, Nerve, skeletal, mux cex.

A syst tem Parts can be very different from its vain. St. circulatory system > Include Artery

Heart ip System → Made By K Nerve cell

valve

Blood cell (RBC)

Cett Memb

Heart muscle cell ← Protein

Holistic? → Greek word & whole →→ Total → complete

Holistic health care comprehensive & total care of a person by meeting his/ her needs in all area &
physical, mental,psychological, Intellectual Social culture & Spiritual Aspects.

[concept 1) Multidimentionality of the Individual- Multidimention - Physical, mental

2) Relationship with individuals environment > individual Person Relationship with environment can
cause disease

3) self Responsibility →

: DM Patient + 2 Person one Person taking care by himself like exercise diet Medication taking properly
And Another Parson not take Proper taking care by himself doing Routine check up,

DATE 21/1023 open

cloped.

•An open system must interact with its 3.625 environment.

• It receive inputs and delivers outputs to the out Side of t system the

•It must adapt to the changing demands of the

upers.

Adaptive

Adaptive system responds to the change in the environment

in a way to improve their

Performance and to survive. in winter human were

woolen cloth & in Summer were

Cotton #cloth. we

according to our environment

•Survive for. 13

Temporary

made for specified time and after that they are

A cloped sys + 0m is Isolated from curisonmen

influences

十巾 -It ip save

Non- Adaptive.
• No- Adaptive system p

the system which does not respond to the

environment.

2x situation ga svens 201

. Performance improve Loto an

31 Survive 10 Problem-

Par manent

•Perpipt for long. Ex!. Policies time

• universe as examples. * Et! of open system. & Hoppital.

Continuously taking new pt and discharge. Receiving medical equipments haver new person for taking
care of Pt.

• This tybe of In Put & output make dynamic 6 Example of opem system.

Hoppital as open system. High rate of Input and out Put

open system are dynamic

They constantly changing had have to response ey are. to the changes within their environment.

+ closed system 1- - Not taking water from. Ex! water & sheep ocean. It board off

Group of teenagers People friend in a Public Park they close to interaction internal, cultural dynamic in
their peer group. They are capable to receiving Limited input impression from their product only very
limited input of to the ument.

system Boundary

DATE 21 10 23

•Limit to system's internal Processes + Boundaries, TED The forth and working Internal to which it hays
integrity angether

•Integrity gives system autonomy Ex Function independently from other systems

•Limit to internal relations

Beyond which system looses autonomy Has to interact' with other systems" Example of Nation State-

Nation's Boder is only the boun this boundary Public dary, with in function's are integrated with in the
national system. so nation funct" op a whole It can be alitonomys in nations Every nation has different
culture. •Pen system o cloped

open 7 Interact and exchange resources through Permeable boundaries.

. olen by receiving interact with environment re 4 input and delivering out Put external to the boundary.
This boundary are Permeable meaning exchange the metirials energy, informat or Ideap.
cloped Repip tant new inputs from environment • defined by boundary

-Risk atrophy EM! Ipolated syster tem 7 No interaction at all