EEL1010 Introduction to Electrical Engineering

Lab Report

Roll Number B23CS1044

Name Neeraj kumar
Experiment Number 09
Experiment Title Flux distribution in a magnetic circuit
Prajna Agrawal
Lab Partner’s Name
Sake Akshay

Objective

To verify flux distribution phenomenon in magnetic circuit by measurements of induced

voltages in different limbs of the circuit, and to estimate voltages in the different limbs.

Brief Theory and Circuit Diagram

To understand the concept of flux distribution in a magnetic circuit, we can draw an analogy
with current distribution in an electrical circuit. Just as electric current flows through circuit,
magnetic flux flows through a magnetic circuit.

Flux Distribution in a Magnetic Circuit :-

In a magnetic circuit, we have a similar concept of "magnetic flux" instead of electric current.
Magnetic flux is a measure of the magnetic field strength passing through a given area.

Magnetic circuits typically consist of materials with different magnetic properties (e.g., iron
cores, air gaps), similar to how electrical circuits consist of different components.

The flux in a magnetic circuit is determined by the magnetic properties of the materials
involved and the magnetic field intensity.

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 Circuit diagram

Here, ϕT = ϕ1 + ϕS (assuming no flux losses), and therefore, VT = V1 + VS. Similarly, ϕS = ϕ2

+ ϕ3 and therefore, VS = V2 + V3.

For the given magnetic structure, l s = 5 cm, l 1 = l 2 = 11.5 cm, and l t = 23.5 cm.

Case1

When only coil NI1 is excited, the magnetic flux (φs) enters the node C and gets distributed
into two paths: φ2 and φ3. This distribution is inversely proportional to the lengths of the
paths, where φ2 is associated with the path CD and φ3 with the path CEFD.

Assuming that there are no significant flux losses at sharp turns in the magnetic circuit, and if
all the coils have the same number of turns, the induced voltage in each coil will be
proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux (ddt φ).

To find the voltages in the various coils, we have to calculate the rate of change of flux for
each coil and using this to determine the induced voltage.

Table 1: With only NI excited

1

Supply VT V1 V 2 V 3 V S

voltage Measured Measured Calculated Measured Calculated Measured Calculated Measured Calculated
70 30 17.1 18.2 7.5 8.7 3.6 4.2 13 11.8
80 35.8 19 21.7 8.5 9.9 4.2 4.86 14.8 14.08

90 39 20.6 23.5 9.4 11.07 4.8 5.42 16.5 15.34

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Case 2

When both NI1 and NI2 are activated with the same (additive) polarities, the magnetic fluxes
they produce in the middle limbs of a magnetic circuit add up. This is because the magnetic
fields produced by NI1 and NI2 reinforce each other.

As a result, the total magnetic flux in the middle limbs is the sum of the individual fluxes
generated by NI1 and NI2.

This effect is known as the superposition principle in electromagnetism, and it is observed as

a magnetic flux with a value double that of when only one of NI1 or NI2 was excited.

Table 2: With both NI and NI excited

1 2

Supply Voltage V T V 1 V 2 V S

1. 70 34 7.8 7.8 27
2. 80 37.3 9.1 9.1 29.8
3. 90 41.5 10.5 10.5 32.6

Case 3

When both NI1 and NI2 are activated in opposing polarities, the magnetic fluxes they
produce in the middle limb of a magnetic circuit will cancel each other out. This is because
the magnetic fields produced by NI1 and NI2 are in opposite directions, and as a result, they
subtract from each other. The net magnetic flux in the middle limb becomes very low, and the
measured value of the induced voltage (VS) will be minimal or close to zero. This is a
consequence of the opposing magnetic fields interfering with each other, leading to
magnetic flux cancellation.
Table 3: With NI and NI excited in opposite polarity
1 2

Supply Voltage V T V 1 V 2 V S

1. 70 28.2 27 26.4 0.99

2. 80 31.2 30 29.3 1.11
3. 90 34.5 32.9 32.1 1.22

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Finding the Core Losses-

In this experiment, we have a circuit with a coil (NI1), a multimeter to measure the coil
resistance (R), an ammeter to measure current (I), and a wattmeter to measure power (W). The
core loss can be calculated using the formula: Core Loss = W - I^2 * R.

Here R = 115 ohm.

Measure the resistance (R) of the coil using the multimeter with the power off and note the
value.

Record the readings of the ammeter (I) to measure the current flowing through the coil.

Record the readings of the wattmeter (W) to measure the power consumed by the coil.

Table 4: Core Loss Calculation

W I
Supply Core Loss
(Wattmeter (Ammeter IR
2
Voltage (V) W-IR 2
Reading) Reading)
1. 80 10.5 0.23 6.08 4.4
2. 90 14 0.25 7.18 6.8
3. 100 18 0.29 9.67 8.3

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Conclusion –

The experiment aims to verify the phenomenon of flux distribution in a magnetic circuit by
measuring the induced voltages in different limbs of the circuit.

The conclusion is that the observed voltage distribution in the different limbs of the circuit
corresponds to the flux distribution. This suggests that in a magnetic circuit, the distribution
of magnetic flux is similar to the distribution of electric current, confirming the relationship
between current and flux in the circuit. This experiment provides empirical evidence for the
similarity of flux and current distributions in magnetic circuits.

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