Grades:

TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF
THE PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING – Electrical Engineering Department

LABORATORY REPORT
ACME1L - M
Basic Electrical Engineering Laboratory

Experiment No. 2 of Exp.*

Ohm’s law

Submitted by:
BSME-2B
GROUP 6

Leader: Gonzaga, Lowell Grae G.

Group Members:

Ando, Editha Marie R.

Malinao, Ellaysa Janille S.
Mira, Al Bryan D.
Siagan, Karl Gerard M.

(10/14/2022)

Submitted to:
Prof. Mervyn Anthony N. Ramos

Remarks:
 EXPERIMENT TWO
Ohm’s Law

I. OBJECTIVES
To demonstrate Ohm’s Law and to show its various forms.

II. THEORY
Electrical resistance is the opposition to the flow of electric current in a circuit and
is dependent on many factors. Copper wire, though considered a good conductor of electric
current, does offer some resistance. A German physicist, George Simon Ohm (1787-1854)
discovered that the ratio of voltage to current was constant for a given metal conductor of
specified length and cross-sectional area. The ratio is known as resistance and is expressed
in units of ohm, in his honor. Ohm’s Law is often referred to as the foundation of circuit
analysis and can be expressed by the formula:

𝐸
𝑅= equation 1
𝐼
where:

E= the potential difference from one end of the element to the other
(measured in volts)
I= the current through the element (measured in amperes)
R= resistance of the element (in ohms)

The other useful expressions can be derived from equation 1, they are:
𝐸
𝐼= equation 2
𝑅

𝐸 = 𝐼𝑅 equation 3

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 In order to produce a current, a voltage must first exist across the element. Early
experimenters in electricity recognized the fact that an electric current was a movement of
charges along a conductor. The direction of the flow of current was not known and
unfortunately, it was arbitrarily chosen to be a positively charged body to a negatively
charged body (positive to negative) and this convention has been so firmly established that
it is still in use.
Thus, the conventional direction or positive direction of current flow taken to be
from positive to negative current even though it is not known that the direction of electron
flow, which actually constitutes an electric current, is from negative to positive.

Electric power systems of which this program is a part use “conventional current
flow” for electric current. In this “conventional system,” current flows from a positive to a
negative terminal.

III. MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

2 Digital multimeter / VOM 3
Carbon resistors (1W)
1 33W
1 22W
1 Breadboard
1 Regulated DC Power Supply
Connecting Wires

IV. PROCEDURES
1. Connect the circuit as shown in Figure 2.1. Be careful to observe instrument polarities.
Make certain that the power supply switch is open, and the variable output control of
the regulated power supply is turned fully counterclockwise.
2. Turn on the power supply. Slowly advance the voltage output control clockwise until
the voltmeter across the 33W load indicates 30V. Measure the current flowing through
the load and record the results in Table 2.1.
3. Repeat Procedure 2 for each of the voltage listed in Table 2.1. Return the voltage to
zero and turn OFF the switch of the power supply after each measurement. (Do not
disconnect your circuit.)
4. Using the values of E and I from the table in Procedure 3, calculate the ratios of E to I
in each case. Record your calculations in Table 2.2.
5. Using the results in Table 2.2, get the average value of E/I. Note that the ratio between
the voltage applied across the resistor and the current flowing through it is a constant
value, called resistance.

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 6. You will now verify that the alternate form of Ohm’s Law (I = E/R) is valid. Use the
same circuit as shown in Figure 2.1. Turn on the power supply and adjust for 15V as
indicated on the voltmeter across the 33W resistor. Measure and record the current
through the 33W. Return the voltage to zero and turn off the switch of the power supply.
7. You will now verify that the other alternate form of Ohm’s Law (E = IR) is valid. Use
the same circuit shown in Figure 2.1, however, this time use 22W resistor. Turn on the
power supply and adjust the output voltage until the ammeter indicates 0.45A. Measure
and record the voltage across the 22W resistor. Return the voltage to zero and turn off
the power supply.

Figure 2.1 EXPERIMENTAL CIRCUIT

IV. DATA AND RESULTS

VOLTS 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
(V)
AMPS 0 151. 303.030 454.545 606.061 757.576 909.091
515 x10^-3 x10^-3 x10^-3 x10^-3 x10^-3
x10^-3
TABLE 2.1

VOLTS 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
(V)
E/I 0 33.0Ω 33.0Ω 33.0Ω 33.0Ω 33.0Ω 33.0Ω
TABLE 2.2

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V. COMPUTATIONS

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VI. CONCLUSION

VII. GUIDE QUESTIONS

1. Plot the recorded currents at the listed voltages of Table 2.1 on a graphing paper. Is
the current directly proportional to the voltage?

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2. From the result of Procedure 6, does the measured value of current I = E/R = 15/33?

3. From the result of Procedure 7, does the measured value of voltage E = IR =

(0.45)(22)?

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4. An experimenter accidentally touches a 240V DC line. If his skin resistance is 10kΩ,
what value of current flows through his body?

or 0.024 A

5. Birds are known to perch on 2300V bare transmission line without apparent harm.
Explain the reason behind this.

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