CIRCUIT

FAILURES
Espina, Joselito E.
BET-AET-NS (2D)
INTRODUCTION
 Circuit Failures
◦ Fault in electrical equipment or apparatus is defined as an
imperfection in the electrical circuit due to which current is
deflected from the intended path. In other words, the fault
is the abnormal condition of the electrical system which
damages the electrical equipment and disturbs the normal
flow of the electric current.
 Circuit Failures
Components
◦Measurement ◦Open Circuit, Poor
Electrical Quantities Circuit, and Short
Circuit
Measurement Electrical
Quantities
Measurement Electrical Quantities
◦ Devices and calculations used to measure electrical quantities.
Measurement of electrical quantities may be done to measure electrical
parameters of a system. Using transducer, physical properties such as
temperature, pressure, flow, force, and many others can be converted
into electrical signals, which can then be conveniently measured and
recorded. Measurements of electrical quantities are used in experiments
to determine fundamental physical properties such as the charge of the
speed of light, and in the definition of the units for electrical
measurements.
Electrical Quantities units of Measure
Ohm’s Law
◦ Ohm's Law is one of the most fundamental and important laws governing electrical and
electronic circuits. It relates current, voltage and resistance for a linear device, such that if
two are know, the third can be calculated.
◦ With current, voltage resistance and power being four of the major circuit quantities, this
means that Ohm's Law is also immensely important.
◦ Ohm's Law is used within all branches of electrical and electronic science. It is used for
calculating the value of resistors required in circuits, and it can also be used for
determining the current flowing in a circuit where the voltage can be measured easily
across a known resistor, but more than this, Ohm's Law is used in a vast number of
calculations in all forms of electrical and electronic circuit- in fact anywhere that current
flows.
Ohm’s Law Formula

◦ Voltage   [ V = I x R ]
◦ Current   [ I = V ÷ R ] 
◦ Resistance   [ R = V ÷ I ]
◦ Power   [ P = V x I ] 
Computation:
◦ For the circuit shown below find the Voltage (V), the Current (I), the
Resistance (R) and the Power (P).

 V = I x R  = 2 x 12Ω = 24V
  I = V ÷ R  = 24 ÷ 12Ω = 2A
R = V ÷ I  = 24 ÷ 2 = 12 Ω
P = V x I  = 24 x 2 = 48W
Function
Current
◦ Current is the flow of
electrons through a circuit
Voltage
◦ Voltage is the
electromotive force or
pressure that creates
current flow in a circuit
CURR
EN
T

VO
LT
AG
E
Resistance Power
◦ Resistance is a the ◦ Power is the amount of
opposition to current flow work performed by
by electric components in circuit
the circuit
Open Circuit, Poor Circuit,
and Short Circuit
 Open Circuit
An electrical circuit in
which the continuity
is broken so that
current does
not flow.

This indicates that the conductor is disrupted at connector (A or C) which, stops

the flow of the current this type of failure is called an open circuit
   Poor Circuit 
if the light bulb
illuminates dimly,
there may be a
malfunction in this
circuit

In this circuit, the normal voltage at each end of the light bulb is 12V.
This symptoms indicates that the battery is weak
 Short Circuit
Supposing that the fuse
has blown in the circuit
shown in the diagram

The function of a fuse is to prevent wiring or equipment from being damaged by opening the
circuit as a result of heating and melting when excessive amperage flows through it. For this
reason, it can be assumed that excessive amperage has flowed through this circuit. Because
this is a direct current circuit in which voltage remains constant.
QUESTION: (Multiple choice)
1. What is the title of what we discussed?
A. Charging System
B. Electrical Tester
C. Circuit Failures
2.______________ is the electromotive force or pressure that creates current flow in a circuit.
A. Voltage
B. Short Circuit
C. Current
3. what is the symbol of Current?
A. I
B. V
C. R
4. what type of circuit does the picture show.

A. Open Circuit
B. Short Circuit
C. Poor Circuit
5. what is the symbol of ohm?
A. P
B. Ω
C. W
QUESTION: (True or False)
____________1. Power is a the opposition to current flow by electric components in the circuit.
_____________2. Current is the flow of electrons through a circuit.
_____________3. Ohm's Law is used within all branches of electrical and electronic science. It is used for calculating the
value of resistors required in circuits.

____________4. Open Circuit

_____________5. Power is the amount of work performed by circuit.