NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69

Isothermal Properties for Water

Fluid Data
Auxiliary Data
References and Notes
Notes
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Fluid Data
Isothermal Data for T = 110.00 C
Internal Sound Joule- Therm.
Temperature Pressure Density Volume Enthalpy Entropy Cv Cp Viscosity
Energy Spd. Thomson Cond. Phase
(C) (bar) (mol/l) (l/mol) (kJ/kg) (J/g*K) (J/g*K) (J/g*K) (Pa*s)
(kJ/kg) (m/s) (K/bar) (W/m*K)
110.00 0.0000 0.0000 infinite 2530.8 2707.6 -5.5508e+05 1.4326 1.8941 483.53 undefined 1.2713e-05 0.024991 vapor
110.00 1.4338 0.045902 21.786 2517.7 2691.1 7.2381 1.5843 2.1244 477.13 5.9153 1.2580e-05 0.025579 vapor
110.00 1.4338 52.786 0.018945 461.26 461.42 1.4188 3.7167 4.2283 1532.9 -0.017208 0.00025461 0.68035 liquid
110.00 5.0000 52.795 0.018941 461.15 461.67 1.4185 3.7162 4.2275 1533.7 -0.017215 0.00025471 0.68056 liquid
110.00 10.000 52.809 0.018936 460.99 462.04 1.4181 3.7155 4.2263 1534.8 -0.017225 0.00025484 0.68085 liquid
110.00 15.000 52.822 0.018931 460.83 462.40 1.4177 3.7148 4.2251 1536.0 -0.017236 0.00025497 0.68114 liquid
110.00 20.000 52.835 0.018927 460.67 462.77 1.4173 3.7141 4.2239 1537.1 -0.017246 0.00025511 0.68144 liquid
110.00 25.000 52.849 0.018922 460.51 463.13 1.4168 3.7134 4.2227 1538.2 -0.017256 0.00025524 0.68173 liquid
110.00 30.000 52.862 0.018917 460.35 463.50 1.4164 3.7127 4.2215 1539.3 -0.017266 0.00025538 0.68202 liquid
110.00 35.000 52.875 0.018912 460.19 463.86 1.4160 3.7120 4.2203 1540.4 -0.017276 0.00025551 0.68231 liquid
110.00 40.000 52.889 0.018908 460.03 464.22 1.4156 3.7113 4.2191 1541.5 -0.017286 0.00025564 0.68261 liquid
110.00 45.000 52.902 0.018903 459.87 464.59 1.4152 3.7106 4.2179 1542.6 -0.017296 0.00025578 0.68290 liquid
110.00 50.000 52.915 0.018898 459.71 464.95 1.4147 3.7099 4.2168 1543.7 -0.017306 0.00025591 0.68319 liquid
110.00 55.000 52.928 0.018893 459.55 465.32 1.4143 3.7092 4.2156 1544.8 -0.017316 0.00025604 0.68348 liquid
110.00 60.000 52.942 0.018889 459.39 465.68 1.4139 3.7085 4.2144 1545.9 -0.017326 0.00025618 0.68377 liquid
110.00 65.000 52.955 0.018884 459.24 466.05 1.4135 3.7078 4.2133 1547.0 -0.017335 0.00025631 0.68406 liquid
110.00 70.000 52.968 0.018879 459.08 466.41 1.4131 3.7072 4.2121 1548.1 -0.017345 0.00025644 0.68435 liquid
110.00 75.000 52.981 0.018875 458.92 466.78 1.4127 3.7065 4.2110 1549.2 -0.017355 0.00025658 0.68464 liquid
110.00 80.000 52.994 0.018870 458.77 467.15 1.4123 3.7058 4.2098 1550.3 -0.017364 0.00025671 0.68493 liquid
110.00 85.000 53.007 0.018865 458.61 467.51 1.4118 3.7051 4.2087 1551.4 -0.017374 0.00025684 0.68522 liquid
110.00 90.000 53.020 0.018861 458.45 467.88 1.4114 3.7044 4.2075 1552.5 -0.017383 0.00025697 0.68551 liquid
110.00 95.000 53.034 0.018856 458.30 468.24 1.4110 3.7038 4.2064 1553.6 -0.017393 0.00025711 0.68580 liquid
110.00 100.00 53.047 0.018851 458.14 468.61 1.4106 3.7031 4.2052 1554.7 -0.017402 0.00025724 0.68609 liquid
110.00 105.00 53.060 0.018847 457.99 468.97 1.4102 3.7024 4.2041 1555.8 -0.017411 0.00025737 0.68638 liquid
110.00 110.00 53.073 0.018842 457.84 469.34 1.4098 3.7017 4.2030 1556.9 -0.017421 0.00025750 0.68667 liquid
110.00 115.00 53.086 0.018837 457.68 469.71 1.4094 3.7010 4.2018 1558.0 -0.017430 0.00025764 0.68695 liquid
 110.00 120.00 53.099 0.018833 457.53 470.07 1.4090 3.7004 4.2007 1559.0 -0.017439 0.00025777 0.68724 liquid
110.00 125.00 53.112 0.018828 457.37 470.44 1.4086 3.6997 4.1996 1560.1 -0.017448 0.00025790 0.68753 liquid
110.00 130.00 53.124 0.018824 457.22 470.81 1.4082 3.6990 4.1985 1561.2 -0.017458 0.00025803 0.68782 liquid
110.00 135.00 53.137 0.018819 457.07 471.17 1.4078 3.6983 4.1974 1562.3 -0.017467 0.00025816 0.68810 liquid
110.00 140.00 53.150 0.018815 456.92 471.54 1.4073 3.6977 4.1963 1563.4 -0.017476 0.00025830 0.68839 liquid

Auxiliary Data
Reference States, default for fluid
Enthalpy H = 2551.013479 kJ/kg at 26.9 C and 0.010 bar.
Entropy S = 9.103679 J/g*K at 26.9 C and 0.010 bar.

Additional fluid properties

Critical temperature (Tc) 373.946 C
Critical pressure (Pc) 220.640 bar
Critical density (Dc) 17.873728 mol/l
Acentric factor 0.3443
Normal boiling point 99.9743 C
Dipole moment 1.855 Debye

References and Notes

Equation of state
Wagner, W.; Pruss, A., The IAPWS Formulation 1995 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water Substance for General and
Scientific Use, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2002, 31, 2, 387-535, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1461829 . [all data]

International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam, IAPWS R6-95, Revised Release on the IAPWS Formulation 1995 for the
Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water Substance for General and Scientific Use, 2016. http://www.iapws.org/relguide/IAPWS-
95.html

The uncertainty in density of the equation of state is 0.0001% at 1 atm in the liquid phase, and 0.001% at other liquid states at
pressures up to 10 MPa and temperatures to 423 K. In the vapor phase, the uncertainty is 0.05% or less. The uncertainties rise at higher
temperatures and/or pressures, but are generally less than 0.1% in density except at extreme conditions. The uncertainty in pressure in
the critical region is 0.1%. The uncertainty of the speed of sound is 0.15% in the vapor and 0.1% or less in the liquid, and increases near
the critical region and at high temperatures and pressures. The uncertainty in isobaric heat capacity is 0.2% in the vapor and 0.1% in
the liquid, with increasing values in the critical region and at high pressures. The uncertainties of saturation conditions are 0.025% in
vapor pressure, 0.0025% in saturated liquid density, and 0.1% in saturated vapor density. The uncertainties in the saturated densities
increase substantially as the critical region is approached.

Auxillary model, Cp0

Wagner, W. and Pruss, A., 2002.

Auxillary model, PX0

Wagner, W. and Pruss, A., 2002.

Auxillary model, PH0

Wagner, W. and Pruss, A., 2002.

Viscosity
Huber, M.L.; Perkins, R.A.; Laesecke, A.; Friend, D.G.; Sengers, J.V.; Assael, M.J.; Metaxa, I.N.; Vogel, E.; Mares, R.; Miyagawa, K., New
International Formulation for the Viscosity of H2O, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2009, 38, 2, 101-125, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3088050 .
[all data]

International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam, "Release on the IAPWS Formulation 2008 for the Viscosity of Ordinary
Water Substance," Sept. 2008, Berlin. http://www.iapws.org/relguide/viscosity.html

For the uncertainties, see the IAPWS Release or the publication cited above. NOTE: To use in faster 'industrial' mode, change critical
model at end of this VS0 block to NUL instead of I08.

Thermal conductivity
Huber, M.L.; Perkins, R.A.; Friend, D.G.; Sengers, J.V.; Assael, M.J.; Metaxa, I.N.; Miyagawa, K.; Hellmann, R.; Vogel, E., New International
Formulation for the Thermal Conductivity of H2O, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2012, 41, 3, 033102, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4738955 . [all
data]

International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam, "Release on the IAPWS Formulation 2011 for the Thermal Conductivity
of Ordinary Water Substance," Sept. 2011, Plzen, Czech Republic. http://www.iapws.org/relguide/ThCond.html

For the uncertainties, see the IAPWS Release or publication cited above.

Auxillary model, the thermal conductivity critical enhancement

Huber, M.L.; Perkins, R.A.; Friend, D.G.; Sengers, J.V.; Assael, M.J.; Metaxa, I.N.; Miyagawa, K.; Hellmann, R.; Vogel, E., New International
Formulation for the Thermal Conductivity of H2O, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2012, 41, 3, 033102, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4738955 . [all
data]

Surface tension
International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam, "Revised Release on Surface Tension of Ordinary Water Substance,"
IAPWS R1-76, June 2014. http://www.iapws.org/relguide/Surf-H2O.html

For the uncertainties in surface tension, see the IAPWS Release.

Dielectric constant
Fernandez, D.P.; Goodwin, A.R.H.; Lemmon, E.W.; Levelt Sengers, J.M.; Williams, R.C., A Formulation for the Static Permittivity of Water
and Steam at Temperatures from 238 K to 873 K at Pressures up to 1200 MPa, Including Derivatives and Debye-Huckel Coefficients, J.
Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1997, 26, 4, 1125-1165, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555997 . [all data]

Metling line
Wagner, W.; Riethmann, T.; Feistel, R.; Harvey, A.H., New Equations for the Sublimation Pressure and Melting Pressure of H2O Ice Ih, J.
Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2011, 40, 4, 043103, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3657937 . [all data]

Sublimation line
Wagner, W.; Riethmann, T.; Feistel, R.; Harvey, A.H., New Equations for the Sublimation Pressure and Melting Pressure of H2O Ice Ih, J.
Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2011, 40, 4, 043103, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3657937 . [all data]

Vapor pressure
Wagner, W. and Pruss, A., 2002.

Functional Form: P=Pc*EXP[SUM(Ni*Theta^ti)*Tc/T] where Theta=1-T/Tc, Tc and Pc are the reducing parameters below, which are
followed by rows containing Ni and ti.

Saturated liquid density

Wagner, W. and Pruss, A., 2002.
Functional Form: D=Dc*[1+SUM(Ni*Theta^(ti/3))] where Theta=1-T/Tc, Tc and Dc are the reducing parameters below, which are
followed by rows containing Ni and ti.

Saturated liquid volume

Wagner, W. and Pruss, A., 2002.

Functional Form: D=Dc*EXP[SUM(Ni*Theta^(ti/3))] where Theta=1-T/Tc, Tc and Dc are the reducing parameters below, which are
followed by rows containing Ni and ti.

The fluid data above is also available from the NIST Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and
Transport Properties Database. This product includes additional features not available
from this web site.

Notes
Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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