Module 5:

Scenario:

You are a mechanical engineer working for a leading automotive manufacturer

specializing in hybrid vehicles. Your team is responsible for evaluating the
performance and efficiency of various vehicle components to optimize fuel
consumption and overall vehicle performance. You have been assigned a project to
analyze and calculate several key parameters related to the powertrain and
efficiency of a new hybrid vehicle model.

Question:

Consider a hybrid vehicle equipped with an internal combustion engine (ICE)

and an electric motor. The vehicle is equipped with a clutch, transmission system,
propeller shaft, and differential gear. Using the provided formulas, calculate the
following parameters for this hybrid vehicle:

1. Engine mechanical efficiency:

Given:
- Mechanical work output = 320 Nm
- Energy input from fuel = 100 MJ

Ans- Engine Mechanical Efficiency %= Mechanical work output/Energy Input from fuel*100
1 NM is equal to 1Joul so 320Nm is 320J.
Thus, Engine Efficiency is= 320/100/1000000*100=32000/100000000%=0.00032%

2. Brake power of the engine:

Given:
- Engine speed (N) = 3000 RPM
- Torque (T) = 250 Nm
- Ans- Brake power of the Engine is 2xpixNXT/60000 KW
- Brake Power= 2x3.14x3000x250/60000=78.5KW

3. Torque transmitted from the clutch:

Given:
- Coefficient of friction (μ) = 0.3
- Normal force (W) = 500 N
- Radius of clutch (R) = 0.1 m

Ans- Formula : T = μ * W * R
- where,
- T is the torque transmitted through the clutch
- μ is the coefficient of friction between the clutch surfaces
- W is the normal/axial force applied to the clutch
- R is the effective radius at which the force is applied
 -
Torque transmitted from the clutch is= 0.3x500x0.1 Nm=15Nm

4. Transmission efficiency:
Given:
- Output power = 150 kW
- Input power = 180 kW

Ans: Formula: Efficiency = (output power / input power ) * 100%

where,
output power is the power delivered to the wheels (hp / kW)
input power is the power produced by the engine (hp / kW)

Thus, Transmission Efficiency is 150/180*100=83.33%

 5. Propeller shaft turning speed:
Given:
- Engine RPM = 4000 RPM
- Gear ratio = 3.5

Answer: The propeller shaft turning speed can be calculated using the
following formula:
Propeller RPM = Engine RPM / Gear Ratio
Propeller shaft turning speed is= 4000/3.5=1142.85 RPM

6. Differential gear ratio:

Given:
- Number of teeth on the ring gear = 45
- Number of teeth on pinion gear = 15
Answer: The differential gear ratio can be calculated using the following
formula:
- Differential Gear Ratio = Number of teeth on ring gear / Number of teeth
on pinion gear
Diff. gear ration =45/15= 3

7. Degree of hybridization in hybrid vehicles:

Given:
- Motor power = 50 kW
- Engine power = 120 kW
Answer: Degree of hybridization is given by the formula
Degree of hybridization = ( motor power / (motor power + engine
power ) )* 100 %
Degree of Hybridization= 50/170*100=29.41%

For each parameter, perform the necessary calculations using the formulas and
provide the results.