SYJC

Ch. 2
Reproduction in Lower and
Higher Animals
Unit 2.4 – Gametogenesis

Firdous Ansari (Asst. Teacher)

Biology Dept. (Jr. College)
Mithibai College
 Gametogenesis

Insemination
Human reproduction
Fertilization

Zygote Formation

Embryogenesis

Gestation

Parturition
Firdous Ansari (Asst. Teacher)
Biology Dept. (Jr. College)
Mithibai College
 Gametogenesis
Process of formation of gametes in sexually reproducing animals.

Males Females

Testis Ovary
(germinal cells) (germinal cells)

Spermatogenesis Oogenesis

Sperms Ovum/Egg cell

Firdous Ansari (Asst. Teacher)
Biology Dept. (Jr. College)
Mithibai College
 Spermatogenesis
Process of formation of sperms from germinal epithelium of testis.

Starts at Puberty

Hypothalamus Hypophysis Testis

GnRH FSH Spermatogenesis

Continues throughout life

Firdous Ansari (Asst. Teacher)

Biology Dept. (Jr. College)
Mithibai College
 Primordial germ cells/
Spermatogenesis Germinal epithelium
Mitosis Multiplication
Phase
Spermatogonia (2n)
Some of them stop dividing and grow
in size by accumulation of food.
Growth
Primary Spermatocyte (2n)
Phase
Meiosis I

Secondary Spermatocyte (n)

Maturation
Meiosis II
Phase
Non functional, non motile
Spermatid (n)
Spermatid’s head attached to Sertoli cells
Spermiogenesis

Spermatozoa (n)
Firdous Ansari (Asst. Teacher)
Biology Dept. (Jr. College)
Mithibai College
 Spermatogenesis
Non functional,
Spermatid (n) non motile

Spermiogenesis
• Length increases
• Proximal and Distal centrioles
rearrange
• Mitochondria spirally coiled
• Acrosome formed from Golgi complex.

Spermatozoa (n) Functional

Further maturation in Epididymis

Firdous Ansari (Asst. Teacher)
Biology Dept. (Jr. College)
Mithibai College
 Sperm – motile, microscopic elongated male gamete
Neck
• Short Head
• Centriole – Proximal and Distal
• Oval shape
• Has: Haploid nucleus, Acrosome
Middle Piece
• 10 -14 spirally arranged
mitochondria (provides energy to Enzymes of Acrosome
swimming sperm) • Hyaluronidase – Hydrolytic
• Axial filament enzyme
• Zona lysin – proteolytic enzyme
Tail • Corona penetrating enzyme
• Long, tapering, has axial filament
(from distal centriole)
• Main/ Principal piece – part of tail
covered with plasma membrane
• End piece – end part of tail
without plasma membrane
Firdous Ansari (Asst. Teacher)
Biology Dept. (Jr. College)
Mithibai College
 Oogenesis
Process of formation of ovum/ egg cell from germinal epithelium of ovary .

Starts in foetus Resumes at

Pauses at birth
stage puberty

Hypothalamus Hypophysis Ovary

GnRH FSH Oogenesis

Menarche Menopause

Firdous Ansari (Asst. Teacher)

Biology Dept. (Jr. College)
Mithibai College
 Primary germ cells/ Multiplication
Oogenesis Germinal epithelium
Mitosis
Phase
In the fetal stage –
Gamete mother cells/ before birth
Some of them stop oogonia (2n)
dividing and grow in size,
cell organelles increase
in number. Primary Oocyte (2n)
Growth
Phase
Meiosis I Unequal division
Larger Smaller
Secondary Oocyte (n) 1st Polar body
Maturation
Meiosis II Unequal division Phase
Division paused at Metaphase II

Division resumes at the time of Fertilization

Larger Smaller
Firdous Ansari (Asst. Teacher)
Biology Dept. (Jr. College)
Ovum (n) 2nd Polar body
Mithibai College
 Ovum – Rounded, non motile female gamete

• Released as Non – Cleidoic

Secondary Oocyte (without shell)
during Ovulation
• Completes Meiosis
and forms ovum at Microlecithal
the time of (very little yolk)
fertilization

Size - 0.1 mm/ 100 microns

Firdous Ansari (Asst. Teacher)
Biology Dept. (Jr. College)
Mithibai College
Vegetal Pole
Radially elongated cells Held
Derived from granulosa cells together
by
Non cellular layer Hyaluronic
Ooplasm made of glycoproteins Acid
Cytoplasm without centrioles
Filled with fluid

Oocyte Plasma Membrane

Secretes Zona pellucida

Germinal vesicle
Large Nucleus 1st Polar body
In perivitelline space

Animal Pole
Firdous Ansari (Asst. Teacher)
Biology Dept. (Jr. College) ----------The End----------
Mithibai College